115-611: (Redirected from Japanese-South Korean ) Japanese South Korean or North South Japanese may refer to: Japan-South Korea relations Japanese people in South Korea South Koreans in Japan See also [ edit ] Mindan , the pro-South Korean ethnic representative organisation for Koreans in Japan Zainichi Korean language ,
230-451: A critical role in China's fiscal system. Following the 1991 intergovernmental fiscal reform, the central government's share of total fiscal revenue increase from less than 30 percent to around 50 percent in 2012. Local governments are now responsible for infrastructure investment, service delivery and social spending, which together account for about 85 percent of the total expenditure. Without
345-591: A favorable impression of South Korea outnumbered those with an unfavorable one for the first time in a decade. Between 1961 and 1979, South Korea's head of state was dictator Park Chung-hee , who had served in the Imperial Japanese military during World War II . Park took a strong interest in Japanese modernization since he witnessed development policies in Manchukuo firsthand. After the war, during
460-556: A former comfort woman Lee Yong-soo accused the Korean Council for the Women Drafted for Military Sexual Slavery by Japan and Yoon Mee-hyang , the former head of the council, of misusing funds and embezzlement. Some newspapers criticize the council and Yoon Mee-hyang because they seemed to amplify the problem by just criticizing Japan and exploited the former comfort women, although they said they are working for resolve
575-522: A group of islets in the East Sea that is occupied by South Korea. There are valuable fishing grounds around the islets and potentially large reserves of methane clathrate . The territorial dispute is a major source of nationalist tensions between the two nations. Currently, South Korea occupies the island, which has its Korean Coast Guard stationed there, as well as two elderly Korean residents. Korea has been demanding official acknowledgement with
690-564: A huge range of different cultures, environments, historical ties and government systems. The largest economies in Asia in terms of PPP gross domestic product (GDP) are China, India , Japan , Indonesia , Turkey , South Korea , Saudi Arabia , Iran , Thailand , and Pakistan , Bangladesh and in terms of nominal gross domestic product (GDP) are Japan , Taiwan , South Korea , China, India, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Bangladesh, Thailand and Iran. Total wealth (as well as overall GDP)
805-733: A joint statement by Japanese Prime Minister Takeo Miki and U.S. President Ford declared: "The security of the Republic of Korea is ... necessary for peace and security in East Asia, including Japan". Japanese and South Korean relations soured in the early 1990s, following the public coming-out of several former comfort women and the Japanese government's initial denial of any responsibility. This friction soon grew to include disputes concerning Japan's colonization of Korea in general. The Japanese government began to relent somewhat after evidence of "comfort stations" from Japanese state archives
920-491: A majority or a large portion of these three tech imports from Japan. The restrictions came into effect starting on July 4, 2019. In a news release, the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) gave a lack of trust on their side for South Korea's export control and restriction system, along with the discovery of controlled items being improperly exported by companies to South Korea, as justification of
1035-534: A monthly payment of 0.8 million won are given to the survivors. The Japanese government has also arranged an organization that gives money and official letters of apology to the victims. Today, many of the surviving female victims are in their 80s. As of 2007, according to South Korean government, there are 109 survivors in South Korea and 218 in North Korea. The survivors in South Korea protest in front of
1150-444: A new round of trade restrictions, this time striking South Korea from a list of nations that are viewed as taking necessary measures against the proliferation of conventional weapons and weapons of mass-destruction. A removal from the list enables METI to perform restrictions on any export to South Korea, including those outside the current three key tech-imports, on the basis of national security concerns from Japan's view. In 2021,
1265-493: A peaceful middle ground with other North Asian countries such as Japan, for business and trade because of its objective to be the "center of Asian business". The two argue that this agreement favors China more than Japan due to South Korea's unsafe political security history with Japan, which has affected the Seoul-Tokyo economic relations. This has led to a decrease in trade and export between both countries; Japanese tourism
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#17327911176131380-472: A private lunch with Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi , one of the masterminds behind the pre-war Manchukuo economy, Park compared his own South Korean military clique with "the young people who succeeded with Meiji restoration in Japan." He further added that he and his troops "look up to these people, and try to make our country escape from poverty and build a wealthy and powerful nation." Under Park's government,
1495-679: A result exported and still export massive amounts of high quality products from "the Land of the Rising Sun". Another amazing economic success story is that of South Korea's, also referred to as the Miracle on the Han River . The country was left impoverished after the Korean War , and until the early 1970s was among the world's poorest countries (even poorer than North Korea ). However, it
1610-534: A result, the Japanese expansion began with a great part of Korea and China annexed, thus allowing the Japanese to secure strategic resources. At the same time, Southeast Asia was prospering due to trade and the introduction of various new technologies of that time. The volume of trade continued to increase with the opening of the Suez Canal in the 1860s. Manila had its Manila galleon where in products from
1725-904: A rule to guide the distribution of intergovernmental expenditure responsibilities, significant levels of risk would be associated with the spending. China's central administration will impose hard caps on local government borrowing in order to control financial risks from an explosive level. Statistics showed that total debt had reached $ 3 trillion by the middle of 2013, raising total government debt to 58 percent of GDP. Similar jump occurred in corporate debt as well, which pushed China's overall debt-GDP ratio up to 261% from 148% in 2008. IMF warned that rapid debt run-ups could lead to financial crisis. The new rules are expected to be combined with broader fiscal reforms aimed at bringing local government tax revenue in line with expenditure. The central government will provide more guidance to local governments in terms of how to manage and invest wisely. As of 2017, China has
1840-521: A sincere apology and compensation for the sex slaves or comfort women issue, referring to the women and girls who were forced to have sex with Imperial Japanese military soldiers during World War II. According to the World Conference on Japanese Military Sexual Slavery, enlisted to the military stations through force, kidnapping, coercion, and deception, the Korean sex slaves, mostly girls under
1955-483: A two-year federation with Malaysia . In addition to creating a conducive economic and political climate, the government developed the skills of its multi-racial workforce, and established export-oriented industries by encouraging foreign investors to set up regional operations in manufacturing. The government also played a prominent role in Singapore 's growth as a major financial and business services centre. Singapore
2070-468: Is an initiative with significance to both Hong Kong and Mainland. It brings another opportunity for the growth of the Hong Kong securities market. More importantly, it provides, for the first time, a feasible, controllable and expandable channel to investors to invest in both Hong Kong and Mainland, in addition to current schemes including QDII, QFII, AND RDFII programs. Local government's spending plays
2185-469: Is currently undergoing rapid growth and industrialization. China (manufacturing and FDI-led growth ) and India (commodities, outsourcing destination and computer software) are the two fastest growing major economies in the world. East Asian and ASEAN countries generally rely on manufacturing and trade (and then gradually upgrade to industry and commerce ), and incrementally building on high-tech industry and financial industry for growth, countries in
2300-507: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Japan-South Korea relations Japan–South Korea relations ( Japanese : 日韓関係 , romanized : Nikkan kankei ; Korean : 한일관계 ; RR : Hanil gwangye ) refers to the diplomatic relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea . As the Sea of Japan and
2415-779: Is mainly concentrated in East Asia , South Asia and Southeast Asia . Israel and Turkey are also two major economies in West Asia. Israel (entrepreneurship on diversified industries) is a developed country, while Turkey (founding member of OECD ) is an advanced emerging country. Asia, with the exception of Japan ( heavy industry and electrical sophistication), South Korea (heavy industry and information and communication technology), Taiwan (heavy industry and hi-tech parts manufacturing), Hong Kong (financial industry and services) and Singapore (high-tech manufacturing, biotechnology, financial and business services and tourism) in recent years,
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#17327911176132530-469: Is one of the big exporting services South Korea offers, which decreased by a rate of approximately 23% between the year 2012 and 2013. In 2013 South Korea banned the import of fish from eight prefectures in Japan due to growing concerns over the Fukushima nuclear power plant waste incident, after Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) declared the incident to be a radioactive waste a couple of years after
2645-538: Is seen as a potential military threat—many South Koreans regard Japanese militarization as a greater concern than Chinese militarization. Likewise, Japan perceives South Korea to be a potential security threat alongside China, evidenced by Japan singling out South Korean and Chinese ownership of Japanese land as national security risks, which prompted Japan to pass land ownership restrictions targeting entities from these countries. Economy of Asia The economy of Asia comprises about 4.7 billion people (60% of
2760-407: Is tax free for the first ten years to encourage foreign direct investment (FDI) with a 'negative list' used to regulate in which fields foreign investments are prohibited. In 2018, India has overtaken Japan as the second largest economy in Asia and the third largest overall in the world, while China has overtaken the U.S. in terms of purchasing power parity or GDP (PPP) in the world, marking
2875-632: Is today one of the richest countries in the world, both in terms of GNI per capita , and GDP (PPP) per capita . This period was also marked by military conflict. Wars driven by the Cold War , notably in Vietnam and Afghanistan, wrecked the economies of these respective nations. When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1990–91, many Central Asian states were cut free and were forced to adapt to pressure for democratic and economic change. Also, several of
2990-532: The COVID-19 pandemic , further raising fears of a recession across the continent after a streak of stock market losses in the region amidst nationwide lockdown in India and continued school and work closures in China, effectively quarantining more than 2 billion people (a quarter of the world's current human population). Turkey was one of the few nations in the globe where activity continued to grow throughout
3105-537: The First Sino-Japanese War in 1894. Further, Japan claims that the primary naming occurred during the period of Sakoku , when Japan had very little foreign contact, and thus Japan could not have influenced the naming decisions. It was the 1928 International Hydrographic Organization 's Limits of Oceans and Seas document, which officially took the name "Sea of Japan", which eventually influenced other official international documents such as those by
3220-636: The Great Depression . Asia was not spared, and suffered the same pain as Europe and the United States (except for the Soviet Union). The volume of trade decreased dramatically all around Asia and indeed the world. With falling demand, prices of various goods starting to fall and further impoverished locals and foreigners alike. In 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria and subsequently the rest of China and south-east Asia in what eventually became
3335-490: The Japanese archipelago and mainland Asia. Such relations would continue by the late 19th century when both Japan and Korea undergo modernization from Western powers up until 1910, when Korea became a colony of Japan . Shortly after gaining independence from the Japanese surrender at the end of World War II in 1945, Korea was divided into two states. During the Korean War , Japan took part in aiding South Korea by providing military supplies to US and UN forces against
3450-598: The Japanese post-war economic miracle , greatly impacted the rest of the world. After World War II, under central guidance from the Japanese government, the entire economy was undergoing a remarkable restructuring. Close cooperation between the government, corporations and banks facilitated easy access to much-needed capital, and large conglomerates known as keiretsu spurred horizontal and vertical integration across all industries, keeping out foreign competition. These policies, in addition to an abandonment of military spending, worked phenomenally well. Japanese corporations as
3565-608: The Korea Strait geographically separate the two nations, political interactions date back from the 6th century when the kingdom of Baekje (which encompassed much of present-day South Korea) officially established relations with the Yamato Kingship of Japan. During the ancient era, the southern region of the Korean Peninsula often served as the closest port for economic trade and cultural exchange between
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3680-494: The Middle East depend more on engineering to overcome climate difficulties for economic growth and the production of commodities, principally Sweet crude oil . Over the years, with rapid economic growth and large trade surplus with the rest of the world, Asia has accumulated over US$ 8.5 trillion of foreign exchange reserves – more than half of the world's total, and adding tertiary and quaternary sectors to expand in
3795-457: The Mindan include: Tokyo Korean School , Educational Foundation Kyoto International School , Kongo Gakuen (Geumgang Hagwon), and Baekdu Hagwon (Keonguk). After the end of World War II , South Korea banned Japanese cultural imports such as music , film , TV shows , anime , video games , literature ( manga ). Nonetheless, In 1990s, X Japan song " Endless Rain " was very popular as
3910-689: The Philippine islands and China were traded with Spanish America and Europe from 1571 to 1815. The Spanish colony of the Philippines was the first Asian territory to trade with the Americas, from Manila to Acapulco . The route continued overland across present-day Mexico to Veracruz on the Atlantic coast, then to Havana and Seville , forming the first global trade route. Silk , porcelain , ivory , tobacco , coconut and maize were some of
4025-541: The United States , and so were strongly pressured by Washington. In November 2016, despite facing criticism from all sides in South Korea, the two countries signed the General Security of Military Information Agreement [ jp ] (GSOMIA), which means Japan and South Korea share military information about North Korea. Japan's moves toward military rearmament have unnerved Seoul where Japan
4140-452: The United States . Relations, however, are greatly complicated by a number of issues, including territorial claims on Liancourt Rocks and conflicting views on mutual history . According to a 2014 BBC World Service poll, 13% of Japanese view South Korea's influence positively, with 37% expressing a negative view, while 15% of South Koreans view Japanese influence positively, with 79% expressing negatively, making South Korea, after China ,
4255-626: The gilboard charts ( streetboard charts ) hit song by the street vendors sales, and Korean people heard this song everywhere through the vendors' boomboxes . Afterwards, the ban was lifted under the Kim Dae-jung administration in 1998. In 2004, the ban on imports of Japanese CDs and DVDs was lifted. Today Japanese popular culture has become increasingly more popular among younger generations people in Korea. There are two nihonjin gakko Japanese schools in South Korea for Japanese children in
4370-603: The ongoing economic collapse in Venezuela and the oil price war between Saudi Arabia and Russia . Japan was also affected by the COVID-19 pandemic amidst its declining population and a stagnant economy since the 2011 Fukushima nuclear accident , with its postponed hosting of the Summer Olympics to 2021 . South Korea , Singapore , Qatar , the Philippines , Indonesia and India were also affected by
4485-403: The world population ) living in 50 different nations. Asia is the fastest growing economic region, as well as the largest continental economy by both GDP Nominal and PPP in the world. Moreover, Asia is the site of some of the world's longest modern economic booms. As in all world regions, the wealth of Asia differs widely between, and within, states. This is due to its vast size, meaning
4600-611: The 2015 agreement and shut down the Japan-funded comfort women foundation which was launched in July 2016 to finance the agreement's settlement on November 21, 2018. Protestors placed a statue of a comfort woman outside the Japanese consulate in Busan, which caused Japan to withdraw their ambassador. In 2019, South Korea de facto voided the agreement. The issue remains largely unresolved and continues to cause conflict today. In 2020,
4715-682: The Asia-pacific leg of World War II . Following World War II, the People's Republic of China and the Republic of India, which accounted for half of the population of Asia, adopted socialist policies to promote their domestic economy. These policies limited the economic growth of the region. They are being abandoned in India and reformed in China. In contrast, the economies of Japan and the Four Asian Tigers ( South Korea , Taiwan , Singapore and Hong Kong ) were economic successes, and
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4830-834: The Billboard charts. In more recent years various K-pop acts, including Super Junior , TVXQ , Choshinsung , Big Bang , Kara , Girls' Generation , 2PM , and later Twice , BTS and Red Velvet , have made their debuts in Japan, and these groups have contributed to the rebirth of the Korean Wave in Japan. Kara, Girls' Generation and Twice, in particular, have been topping numerous charts and awards in Japan. The South Korean government maintains Korean cultural education centers in: Tokyo , Chiba , Fukuoka , Hiroshima , Kobe , Kyoto , Nagano , Nara , Okayama , Osaka , Saitama , Sapporo , Sendai , Shimonoseki , and Yokohama . South Korean international schools associated with
4945-722: The British and the Dutch created their own trading companies to manage their trade flow in Asia. The British created the British East India Company while the Dutch formed Dutch East India Company . Both companies maintained trade monopolies of their respective colonies. Significant de-industrialisation took place in South Asia during its first few decades of British rule in the 1800s. Extreme poverty doubled to over 50% and famines increased significantly during
5060-630: The COVID pandemic, while Central Asian nations withstood the crisis with less economic damage. Turkey and Syria's economies, however, faced pressure as a result of the series of earthquakes that struck both countries in 2023 alongside continuing economic sanctions against both countries. The economic contractions in nations with strong tourism-focused economies and nations with stricter pandemic containment policies, particularly in Thailand and Indonesia, were shorter but both significantly more severe during
5175-544: The COVID pandemic. Vietnam's economy , however, benefited from their strong COVID pandemic response and overtook the Philippines as the third largest economy in Southeast Asia in 2022. Asia's large economic disparities are a source of major continuing tension in the region. While global economic powers China, Japan, India, South Korea, Taiwan continue powering through, and Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand , Vietnam, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka have entered
5290-686: The Chinese Communist Party in 2013 China revealed plans for several sweeping social and economic reforms. The government would relax its one-child policy to allow single-child parents to have two kids. This reform was implemented as a response to the aging population of China and provide more labor. The government also reformed the hukou system , allowing the labor force to become more mobile. The reforms will make financial loan systems more flexible encouraging increased economic involvement of private firms. Additionally, state-owned enterprises will be required to pay higher dividends to
5405-527: The Chinese economy experienced a significant slowdown in the GDP growth, slowing down from the unprecedented decades of 9–10% annual growth to around 7–8%, which has significant effect in some developing economies, particularly in Southeast Asia and India . The Philippines , however, managed to grow at rates at par with China in the period 2012–2013, and became the world's fastest growing emerging market economy in
5520-491: The Japanese court system has rejected such claims due to the length of time and claiming that there is no evidence. In November 1990, the Korean Council for the Women Drafted for Military ( 한국정신대문제대책협의회 ; 韓國挺身隊問題對策協議會 ) was established in South Korea. In 1993, the government of Japan officially acknowledged the presence of sexual slavery in World War II. As of 2008, a lump sum payment of 43 million Korean won and
5635-799: The Japanese embassy in Seoul, Korea, every Wednesday. The protest was held for 1000th time in December 2011. In December 2000, the Women's International War Crimes Tribunal on Japan's Military Sexual Slavery sat in Tokyo, Japan. During the proceedings, the judges of the tribunal heard hours of testimony by 75 survivors, as well as reviewed affidavits and video interviews by countless others. The tribunal's judgment found Emperor Hirohito and other Japanese officials guilty of crimes against humanity and held that Japan bore state responsibility and should pay reparations to
5750-415: The Japanese military onto others, saying, "Prostitution agents were prevalent due to the poverty and patriarchal family system. For that reason, even if the military was not directly involved, it is said it was possible to gather many women through such methods as work-related scams and human trafficking." As the few surviving female victims continue to strive for official acknowledgment and a sincere apology,
5865-489: The July "settlement" of a two-year-old feud that began when South Korean agents abducted Kim Dae-jung , an opposition leader (and future President of South Korea ), from a Tokyo hotel. As a result of the settlement, a long-delayed ministerial conference was held in Seoul in September to discuss economic cooperation between the two countries. Japan joined the United States in providing assurances for South Korea's security. In
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#17327911176135980-671: The Korean government. Japan's decision to release Fukushima waste water in April 2021 has emerged as a new source of tensions between the two countries. After Japan announced its plans, the South Korean government swiftly condemned the decision and summoned the Japanese ambassador to Seoul to issue a strong protest. Civil protests have ensued across the country as a result of Japan's decision. The South Korean government has been considering legal action against Japan, and various South Korean civil groups and associations have considered
6095-633: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan disclosed "the claims for Japan" presented by the Korean government in the process of negotiating the Japan–Korea claim agreement concluded in 1965 regarding WWII. It specifies that the claims for compensation to Korea is "complete and final" by Korea accepting a total of $ 500 million in funding. The claim consists of eight articles, in which it states that "the claim by recruited Koreans for reimbursement, compensation, and other claims required" are all included. According to
6210-525: The Negotiated Minutes published along with the claim, when the Japanese representative asked, "Do you want Japan to pay for Korean individuals?" in the May 1961 negotiations, the Korean side said, "We will receive the whole payment as a country, and the domestic payments will be made as necessary as domestic measures." Thus, Japanese government provided $ 300 million in free and $ 200 million in charge to
6325-600: The South Korean Court rulings allowed individual Korean citizens to sue Japanese companies for compensation over their use of forced labor during the Second World War . This has led to an increase in tensions between the two countries. According to Japan, all issues related to wartime conduct were settled in 1965 when the two countries signed agreements establishing diplomatic and economic relations that included some reparations for Japanese actions during
6440-515: The South Korean government declared "industrial independence" from Japan, stating that imports of Japanese materials for its industrial sector had been successfully reduced to near zero for key items such as etching gas, photoresist, and fluorinated polyimide. Overall reliance on Japan for the top 100 industrial items had declined to 24.9%, and further efforts were being made to reduce imports of Japanese items. This achievement has been likened by officials to an "independence movement", drawing parallels to
6555-563: The USSR's allies lost valuable aid and funding. The Chinese economy boomed under the economic measures undertaken by Deng Xiaoping , in the late 1970s, and continuing under Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao in the 1990s and 2000s. After the liberalization of the economy of India , growth in India and China increasingly shifted the center of gravity of the global economy towards Asia. By the late 2000s, China's economic growth rate exceeded 11% while India's growth rate increased to around 9%. One of
6670-582: The United Nations. Japan also claims that it is not important whether the term "East Sea" has been used in Korea for more than 2000 years because it is only the localized name and how it was named internationally is more important. South Korea claims that Korea was occupied by the Japanese and effectively had no international voice to protest in 1928. The Liancourt Rocks , called Dokdo ( 독도 ; 獨島 ; lit. solitary island) in Korean and Takeshima ( 竹島 , "bamboo island" ) in Japanese, are
6785-512: The United States and Vietnam restored economic and political ties. Throughout the 1990s, the manufacturing ability and cheap labor markets in Asian developing nations allowed companies to establish themselves in many of the industries previously dominated by companies from developed nations. By the dawn of the 21st century, Asia became the world's largest continental source of automobiles , machinery , audio equipment and other electronics . At
6900-667: The age of 18, were raped and tortured by 30–40 soldiers each day. According to the New York Times , Most mainstream historians agree that the Imperial Army treated women in conquered territories as spoils of battle, rounding them up to work in a system of military-run brothels known as comfort stations that stretched from China to the South Pacific. Many were deceived with offers of jobs in factories and hospitals and then forced to provide sex for imperial soldiers in
7015-400: The alive "comfort women", hailed this deal as a sign of positive progression in Japanese and South Korean relations. Due to low public support, especially in South Korea, the agreement was starting to fall apart by January 2017. After Moon Jae-in became president, the South Korean government decided again to keep the issue of "Comfort Woman" as a dispute between the two countries by discarding
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#17327911176137130-528: The ancient culture of India personified Asia, attracting European commerce, exploration and colonialism. The accidental discovery of America by Columbus in search for India demonstrates this deep fascination. The Silk Road became the main east–west trading route in the Asian hitherland while the Straits of Malacca stood as a major sea route. Prior to World War II, most of Asia was under colonial rule . Only relatively few states managed to remain independent in
7245-428: The bulk of Taiwan's economy is dependent on small to medium-sized businesses. Hong Kong, on the other hand, experienced rapid growth in the financial sector due to liberal market policies, with many financial institutions setting up their Asian headquarters in Hong Kong. Until 2021, Hong Kong was ranked as one of the world's freest economies by The Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal , and it remains one of
7360-594: The colonial era. In 1908, crude oil was first discovered in Persia , modern day Iran. Afterwards, many oil fields were discovered and it was learnt later that the Middle East possesses the world's largest oil stocks. This made the rulers of the Arab nations very rich though the socioeconomic development in that region lagged behind. In the early 1930s, the world underwent a global economic depression , today known as
7475-407: The comfort stations. In Southeast Asia, there is evidence that Japanese soldiers simply kidnapped women to work in the comfort stations. Among the women who have come forward to say they were forced to have sex with soldiers are Chinese, Koreans and Filipinos, as well as Dutch women captured in Indonesia, then a Dutch colony. Japanese media attempts to shift blame for the wartime brothels away from
7590-474: The communist-led North Korea. Japan and South Korea formally established diplomatic relations in December 1965, under the Treaty on Basic Relations Between Japan and the Republic of Korea , with Japan recognizing South Korea as the only legitimate government in the Korean Peninsula. Japan and South Korea share many cultural, economic, and military ties. Their economies are respectively the second and fourth largest in Asia , and they are both military allies of
7705-499: The country with the second most negative perception of Japan in the world. In spite of the issues, both South Korea and Japan have taken priorities to work alongside the United States in countering recent threats from China , Russia , and North Korea . Under the leaderships of South Korean president , Yoon Suk Yeol , and Japanese prime minister , Shigeru Ishiba , both countries are attempting to restore ties and trust with each other. In 2023, surveys showed Japanese people with
7820-420: The country: Japanese School in Seoul and Busan Japanese School . In 2012, it was reported that South Korea agreed to sign a military intelligence-sharing agreement with Japan, possibly in response to threats from North Korea and China. However, the fact that the government tried to pass it without public discussion or debate in the National Assembly was reported by The Korea Herald . The majority of citizens,
7935-417: The crisis. In 2001, almost all economies in both Europe and Asia were adversely affected by the September 11 attacks , with Indonesia and Japan was hardest. Both continents quickly recovered from the attacks in United States after more than a year. In 2004, parts of Sumatra and South Asia were severely damaged by an earthquake and the subsequent tsunami . The tsunami wreaked havoc, causing massive damage in
8050-501: The dialect of Korean spoken in Japan Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Japanese South Korean . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanese_South_Korean&oldid=1137135267 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
8165-495: The dispute and working for the former comfort women. On June 25, 2021, the Japanese government released a statement that Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga supports declarations made by past administrations that recognize and apologize for Japan's aggression in World War II concerning the comfort women issue. During World War II, Japanese Empire conscripted as many as 7.8 million Koreans into forced labor, including military service and sex slavery (a.k.a. comfort women). In 2019,
8280-502: The dominating players in the telecommunication sector. The economic liberalisation in India refers to the ongoing economic liberalisation, initiated in 1991, of the country's economic policies, with the goal of making the economy more market-oriented and expanding the role of private and foreign investment. Specific changes include a reduction in import tariffs, deregulation of markets, reduction of taxes, and greater foreign investment. Liberalisation has been credited by its proponents for
8395-580: The earthquake. Japan considered the ban a hostile move, leading the Japanese government to file a complaint to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in May 2015, claiming that Seoul was "discriminating against" Japanese seafood'. In October 2017 the WTO issued a ruling, with reports stating that South Korea lost the case. On April 12, 2019, the WTO overturned its previous decision. Nearly 50 countries have enacted bans on Japanese imports following
8510-759: The economies, but the general stability of the region and world. The nuclear neighbours, Pakistan and India, constantly pose a threat to each other, causing their governments to invest heavily in military spending . Another potential global danger posed by the economy of Asia is the growing accumulation of foreign exchange reserves . The countries/regions with the largest foreign reserves are mostly in Asia – China (Mainland – $ 3,205 billion & Hong Kong – $ 430.7 billion, April 2023), Japan ($ 1,253 billion, June 2023), Russia ($ 599 billion, May 2023), India ($ 594.8 billion, August 2023), Taiwan ($ 566.4 billion, July 2023), South Korea ($ 418.3 billion, August 2023), and Singapore ($ 326.7 billion, July 2023). This increasingly means that
8625-643: The end of 1997, Thailand was hit by currency speculators , and the value of the Baht along with its annual growth rate fell dramatically. Soon after, the 1997 Asian financial crisis spread to the ASEAN region, South Korea and other countries in Asia, resulting in great economic damage on the affected countries (but with Japan and China both largely escaping the crisis). In fact, some of the economies, most notably those of Thailand, Indonesia, and South Korea actually contracted. By 1999, most countries had already recovered from
8740-513: The establishment of mutual stock market access between Mainland China and Hong Kong. Under the ‘Connect Program’, the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited and Shanghai Stock Exchange will establish mutual order-routing connectivity and related technical infrastructure to enable investors to invest in Chinese equities market directly. On November 17, 2014, the program officially launched with the approvals from Beijing. The 'Connect Program'
8855-560: The event turned out to be very successful. According to an analysis by Bloomberg, the economic links between the two countries, particularly in trade, investment, and finance, are far weaker than would be predicted by the gravity model of trade , especially when compared to the economic links between neighbors in North America and Europe. This lack of economic integration is attributed to their hostile relationship. According to David Kang and Jiun Bang, South Korea has tried to create
8970-513: The face of constant pressure exerted by European power. Such examples are China, Siam , Iran and Japan. Japan in particular managed to develop its economy due to a reformation in the 19th century. The reformation was comprehensive and is today known as the Meiji Restoration . The Japanese economy continued to grow well into the 20th century and its economic growth created various shortages of resources essential to economic growth. As
9085-424: The factors was the sheer size of the population in this region. Meanwhile, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore emerged as the Four Asian Tigers with their GDPs growing well above 7% per year in the 1980s and the 1990s. Their economies were mainly driven by growing exports. The Philippines only began to open up its stagnated economy in the early 1990s. Vietnam's economy began to grow in 1995, shortly after
9200-463: The first confirmed virus case. China's economy experienced its first contraction in the post- Mao era as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic . Iran is the second worst-hit country in Asia in terms of mortality rate after India, raising concerns of an economic collapse following the U.S. expansion of sanctions against them during the Trump administration since 2019 and declining oil prices due to both
9315-452: The first time in almost 2 centuries that any country outside the Americas and Europe has taken the top spot globally. The Asian economies were affected by the demographic shifts between China and India , the latter becoming the world's most populous country in the middle of the decade, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic that started in the Hubei province of China , the country of origin of
9430-612: The first visit of a Japanese premier to postwar Korea. Nevertheless, Seoul objected strongly to occasional visits by Japanese politicians to North Korea, to the continuation of Red Cross repatriation of Korean residents in Japan to North Korea, and to the proposal of Tokyo Governor Minobe to permit a pro-North Korean university in Tokyo. The Japanese Foreign Ministry opposed Minobe on this issue in order to prove its loyalty to South Korea. Meanwhile, contacts between Japan and South Korea increased through new air routes, tourism, and trade. In 1975, South Korean–Japanese relations improved following
9545-419: The goods exported from Asia to the Americas and Europe, through the Philippines. Singapore , founded in 1819, rose to prominence as trade between the east and the west increased at an incredible rate. The British colony of Malaya , now part of Malaysia , was the world's largest producer of tin and rubber . The Dutch East Indies , now Indonesia, on the other hand, was known for its spices production. Both
9660-412: The government. The benefits of this will go to Social Security. Reform also allows farmers to own land for the first time ideally encouraging farmers to sell their land and move to cities which will boost consumerism and increase urban work force. On April 10, 2014, China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) and Securities and Futures Commission (CSRC) made a Joint Announcement about the approval for
9775-569: The housing bubble in the United States , caused a significant decline in the GDP of the majority of the European economies . In contrast, most Asian economies experienced a temporary slowdown in their rates of economic growth, particularly Japan , Taiwan , South Korea , and China , resuming their normal growth soon after. The Arab Spring and the ensuing civil unrests since 2011 had caused economic malaise in Syria , Lebanon and Yemen , amongst
9890-401: The independence struggles during Japan's colonial rule. In March 2023, the dispute over semiconductor materials was resolved ahead of a summit, with South Korea withdrawing its WTO complaint and Japan dropping its export restrictions. There is dispute over the international name for the body of water between Japan and Korea . Japan points out that the name "Sea of Japan" ( Japanese : 日本海 )
10005-415: The infrastructure of the hit areas, particularly Indonesia, and displaced millions. For a short time, GDP contracted among nations such as Indonesia and Sri Lanka , despite massive inflow of foreign aid in the aftermath of the disaster. The economy of Japan suffered its worst post-World War II economic stagnation set in the early 1990s (which coincided with the end of Cold War ), which was triggered by
10120-629: The interchangeability of the Euro, USD, and GBP are heavily influenced by Asian central banks. Some economists in the western countries see this as a negative influence, prompting their respective governments to take action. According to the World Bank , China surpassed the United States and the European Union to become the world's largest economy in terms of purchasing power by early 2015, followed by India. Both countries are expected to rank in
10235-404: The largest real estate market in the world. China's service sector has doubled in size, accounting for 46% of China's total GDP. In 2011, the Chinese government instituted a five-year plan to prioritize the development of the service economy. The telecommunications sub-sector in China is one of the largest in the world, with over a billion mobile customers. Tencent, the developer of WeChat, is one of
10350-524: The latter event of the 1997 Asian financial crisis . It, however, rebounded strongly in the early 2000s due to strong growth in exports, although unable to counteract China in 2005 after China gradually surpassed it as the largest economy in Asia. From 1995 to 2005, share of Asian foreign exchange reserves had risen from 46 percent to 67 percent. From 2002 to 2005, central banks in Asia alone accounted for three-quarters of total global currency reserve buildup. The financial crisis of 2007–2008 , triggered by
10465-485: The media that he has some Korean ancestry in 2002. In 1996 FIFA announced that the two countries would jointly host the 2002 FIFA World Cup . The next few years would see leaders of both countries meet to warm relations in preparations for the games. Though citizens of both countries were initially unhappy about having to share the honors with the other, and the Liancourt Rocks controversy flared up again,
10580-603: The most adversely affected nations in the Middle East. At the same time, in the early 2010s, Iraq , Saudi Arabia , the United Arab Emirates and Kuwait registered their highest GDP growths on record in the years that followed due to increased oil prices and further diversification of exports, as well as rising foreign exchange reserves . In 2013, in a once-in-a-decade party leadership reshuffle in China (change of Hu-Wen Administration to Xi-Li Administration ),
10695-407: The name "East Sea"( Korean : 동해 ; Hanja : 東海 ), which was one of the most common names found on old European maps of this sea, should be the name instead of (or at least used concurrently with) "Sea of Japan." Japan claims that Western countries named it the "Sea of Japan" prior to 1860, before the growth of Japanese influence over Korean foreign policy after the outbreak of
10810-448: The nuclear disaster of 2011, though Japan has only filed a case to the WTO exclusively on South Korea's import restrictions. In July 2019, Japan announced that the export of several controlled items to South Korea would now be put through restrictions including a licensing process. Specifically, Japan notified restrictions on fluorinated polyimides, hydrogen fluoride, and photoresists. South Korean tech companies currently import either
10925-484: The only successful economies outside of the Western World . The success of these four economies led other Southeast Asian countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand to follow suit in opening up their economies and setting up export-oriented manufacturing bases that boosted their growth throughout the 1980s and the 1990s. One of the most pronounced Asian economic phenomenons during this time,
11040-459: The opposition party and even the ruling party objected the military cooperation due to historical and territorial disputes, the possibility of provoking North Korea and China, and concerns about Japanese militarization. Therefore, it was delayed only an hour before the signing ceremony. The reason why the governments of South Korea and Japan intended to sign it was both South Korea and Japan are U.S. allies and have their own military alliances with
11155-404: The path to long-term growth, regions right next to these countries are in severe need of assistance. Given the enormous quantity of cheap labor in the region, particularly in China and India, where large workforces provide an economic advantage over other countries, the rising standard of living will eventually lead to a slow-down. Asia is also riddled with political problems that threaten not just
11270-492: The relations between the two nations, both enjoy cultural exchanges with each other. A Korean television series entitled Winter Sonata , which first appeared in Japan in April 2003, became a runaway hit in Japan, and has often been identified as a landmark in South Korean-Japanese cultural exchange. The female K-pop artist BoA is one of the most popular singers in Japan with six consecutive albums topping
11385-1003: The restrictions. While METI has not given specific details or examples of the above narrative, some media reports claim South Korea may have passed on restricted chemicals to the United Arab Emirates, Iran, or North Korea. South Korea denies claims that their country's export governance is lax, and summoned a Japanese embassy official to speak against Japan's allegations that South Korea was inept in carrying out sanctions against North Korea . South Korean Minister of Trade, Industry and Energy Sung Yun-mo stated that an emergency inspection on companies importing chemicals from Japan came up with no evidence those chemicals were being exported to North Korea, and that Japan's claims were groundless and should be stopped. Others view Japan's trade restrictions as partially being an excuse to retaliate against suspected intellectual property infringement by South Korean companies. Japan intends to begin
11500-405: The same positions between 2020 and 2040. Moreover, based on Hurun Report, for the first time in 2012 Asia surpassed North America in amount of billionaires . 951 billionaires came from Asia, whereas North America had 777 billionaires and Europe with 536 billionaires. Businesses anticipate that it will take an average of five months for revenues to return to pre-pandemic levels and two months for
11615-481: The same. Furthermore, South Korea is seeking the cooperation of other countries, such as the U.S., Denmark, and other G7 countries, for support on the issue. The dispute escalated further in June 2021 as the South Korean parliament adopted a resolution condemning Japan's waste water discharge plan, which had passed with support across the political spectrum. In spite of the many disputes that are negatively affecting
11730-631: The second half of the 2010s decade, overtaking Malaysia in 2017 as the fourth largest economy overall in Southeast Asia. It also recovered after getting hit by Typhoon Haiyan , the strongest storm on record to make landfall, in November 2013, which killed at least 5,200 and displacing millions more. On September 29, 2013, China opened the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone . This free trade zone allows international trade to be conducted with fewer restrictions and lower customs duties. The zone
11845-486: The share of Asia 's economy. This is an alphabetically sorted list of Asian countries, with their factual and estimated gross domestic product data by the International Monetary Fund. China and India alternated in being the largest economies in the world from 1 to 1800 AD. China was a major economic power and attracted many to the east, and for many the legendary wealth and prosperity of
11960-565: The two countries pursued the 1965 reconciliation treaty , which brought about normalized relations, despite considerable public opposition. Park was able to force the normalization through the National Assembly and shut down demonstrations through martial law . As a result, Tokyo provided $ 300 million as compensation to comfort women , forced laborers and other victims, and extended an additional $ 200 million credit to Seoul, and Prime Minister Sato attended official functions in July,
12075-560: The two countries. This brief healing period soured once again in 2001 after revelations of school textbooks approved by the Japanese Ministry of Education which stated that Japanese colonization was necessary for regional security and also removed any mention of comfort women. That same year, Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi visited Yasukuni Shrine and continued to do so every year during his tenure. Nonetheless, there were some positive overtures, such as Koizumi's visit to South Korean independence landmarks in 2001 and Emperor Akihito reminding
12190-533: The victims. In July 2007, the U.S. House of Representatives passed a resolution demanding that Japan apologize for forcing women into sexual slavery during World War II. The resolution was sponsored by Mike Honda (D-CA), a third-generation Japanese-American. On December 13, 2007, the European Parliament adopted a resolution that demands the Japanese government to apologize to the survivors of Japan's military sexual slavery system. This resolution
12305-593: The war. However, there is a different perspective on the 1965 treaty; individual rights to ask for reparations have not been part of the treaty in order to achieve diplomatic relations on a nation-to-nation basis. That is why "the South Korean Supreme Court ruled that Nippon Steel and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, two corporations that exploited Korean labor during Japan's colonization of Korea (1910–1945), should pay reparations to their victims." On July 29, several Japanese media outlets reported that
12420-466: The workforce to do the same. It is anticipated that Central Asian nations will be more severely impacted. Only 4% of those businesses that were permanently closed anticipate to open again, with the impacted industries' levels of heterogeneity ranging from 3% in the lodging and food services sector to 27% in the retail trade sector . Following a Third Plenum of the Central Committee of
12535-430: The world's second largest economy by nominal GDP at $ 11.8 trillion. It is the largest manufacturing economy in the world, and is the largest exporter of goods. China is also the world's largest producer and consumer of agricultural products. China is a leading producer of rice, and is a key producer of wheat, corn, tobacco, soybeans, and potatoes, among others. Though the real estate industry in China has taken, China has had
12650-619: The world's top five leading financial centers. In Southeast Asia, economic development was fueled by the growth of the bamboo network . The bamboo network refers to a network of overseas Chinese businesses operating in the markets of Southeast Asia that share common family and cultural ties. The network expanded as Chinese refugees emigrated to Southeast Asia following the Chinese Communist Revolution in 1949. Singapore in particular experienced very rapid economic growth after declaring independence in 1965, following
12765-419: Was passed with 54 ayes out of 57 parliament members present. On 28 December 2015, Japan and South Korea reached an agreement surrounding the "comfort women issue", women who were forced to work in Japanese brothels during World War II . Several previous attempts to settle the issue were unsuccessful dating back to 1965. This agreement, according to which the issue would be "finally and irreversibly" resolved,
12880-461: Was reached after both sides experienced great pressure from the United States who was looking to preserve their trilateral alliance. Japan had made an apology and will pay 1bn yen ($ 8.3m, £5.6m) to fund victims. The announcement came after Japan's foreign minister Fumio Kishida arrived in Seoul for discussions with his counterpart Yun Byung-se, following moves to speed up talks. Former South Korean president, Park Geun-hye, without any communication with
12995-508: Was since able to recover with double digit annual growth rates. Many conglomerates, also known as chaebols , such as Samsung , LG Corp , Hyundai , Kia , SK Group , and more grew tremendously during this period. South Korea has now become the most wired country in the world. Taiwan and Hong Kong experienced rapid growth up till the 1990s. Taiwan became, and still remains one of the main centers of consumer electronics R&D as well as manufacturing. However, unlike in Japan and South Korea,
13110-528: Was unearthed, leading to the government's preparation of the official Kono statement . Japanese Prime Ministers in mid-to-late 1990s regularly issued apologies, and relations reached a brief peak in 1998, when President Kim Dae-jung invited Emperor Akihito to possibly visit Korea (something a Japanese emperor had never done before), while Prime Minister Keizō Obuchi offered his "heartfelt apology" for Japanese colonialism during Kim Dae-jung's visit to Japan. This period saw an increase in trade and tourism between
13225-423: Was used in a number of European maps from the late 18th century to the early 19th century, and that many maps today retain this naming. However, South Korean government has protested that the term "East Sea" has been used in Korea for 2000 years and Japan encouraged the usage of the name "Sea of Japan" while Korea lost effective control over its foreign policy under Japanese imperial expansion. South Korea argues that
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