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Waxed cotton

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Waxed cotton is cotton impregnated with a paraffin or natural beeswax based wax , woven into or applied to the cloth. Popular from the 1920s to the mid-1950s, the product, which developed from the sailing industry in England and Scotland , became commonly used for waterproofing . It has been replaced by more modern materials but is still used by the country sports community. There are two main drawbacks: waxed fabric is not very breathable , and it tends to be heavier and bulkier than modern synthetic waterproof materials.

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62-406: Early mariners noticed that wet sails were more efficient than dry sails, but their added weight slowed the vessels. From the 15th century, mariners applied fish oils and grease to their heavy sailcloth . This resulted in more efficient sails in dry weather and lighter sails in wet weather. Out of the worn remnants they cut waterproof capes to keep themselves dry; these capes were the forerunner of

124-740: A 2009 letter on a pending revision to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, the American Heart Association recommended 250–500 mg/day of EPA and DHA. The Guidelines were revised again for 2015–2020; included is a recommendation that adults consume at least eight ounces of a variety of types of fish per week, equating to at least 250 mg/day of EPA + DHA. The Food and Drug Administration recommends not exceeding 3 grams per day of EPA + DHA from all sources, with no more than 2 grams per day from dietary supplements. The effect of fish oil consumption on prostate cancer

186-502: A California environmental group claimed that eight brands of fish oil supplements contained excessive levels of PCBs, including CVS/pharmacy , Nature Made , Rite Aid , GNC , Solgar, Twinlab , Now Health, Omega Protein and Pharmavite. The majority of these products were either cod liver or shark liver oils. Those participating in the lawsuit claim that because the liver is the major filtering and detoxifying organ, PCB content may be higher in liver-based oils than in fish oil produced from

248-545: A complementary dark brown corduroy collar was placed on dark olive jackets. Barbour's entered the motorcycling market from the early 1930s, with the Barbour International motorcycle suit, developing their market presence through sponsorship of the British competitions and teams in motorcycle trials . Barbour International suits were worn by virtually every British International team from 1936 to 1977, and in

310-456: A higher EPA:DHA ratio experienced fewer depressive symptoms. The studies provided evidence that EPA may be more efficacious than DHA in treating depression. However, this metastudy concluded that due to the identified limitations of the included studies, larger, randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings. In a 2011 meta-analysis of PubMed articles about fish oil and depression from 1965 to 2010, researchers found that "nearly all of

372-512: A long time and has been used in Europe since the 18th century, only in the 20th century did it become global, notably expanding in popularity during the 1970s. Other names are often used for corduroy. Alternative names include: corded velveteen , elephant cord (the thick-stripes version), pin cord , Manchester cloth and cords . In continental Europe, corduroy is known as "Cord", "rib cord" or "rib velvet" - in parts of Europe such as Germany,

434-405: A niche where its warmth provides a benefit over its cost, weight and maintenance disadvantages. Wax and cotton are natural products that degrade and lose effectiveness over time. To help preserve them, waxed cotton products should not be stored damp, but slowly dried instead. Waxed cotton typically needs annual re-waxing. Because methods of waxing differ between manufacturers, rewaxing products from

496-507: A small reduction in the incidence of actual cardiac events and strokes with its use. In 2007, the American Heart Association recommended the consumption of 1 gram of fish oil daily, preferably by eating fish, for patients with coronary artery disease , but cautioned pregnant and nursing women to avoid eating fish with high potential for mercury contaminants including mackerel, shark, and swordfish. (Optimal dosage

558-552: A specific upper level. Prescription fish oil pills, capsules and tablets have more omega−3 fatty acids than those which are non-prescription. The FDA regularly monitors prescription fish oil for standards like purity and for quality and safety. As of 2019, four fish oil-based prescription drugs have been approved in the United States for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia, namely: Some fish-oil products are approved for parenteral nutrition : A 2013 review concluded that

620-410: Is a textile with a distinctively raised "cord" or wale texture. Modern corduroy is most commonly composed of tufted cords, sometimes exhibiting a channel (bare to the base fabric) between them. Both velvet and corduroy derive from fustian fabric. Corduroy looks as if it is made from multiple cords laid parallel to each other. A common false etymology holds that the word "corduroy" derives from

682-458: Is a vegetarian alternative to fish oil. Supplements produced from microalgae oil provide a balance of omega−3 fatty acids similar to fish oil, with a lower risk of pollutant exposure. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC BY 4.0 ( license statement/permission ). Text taken from The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2024​ , FAO. Corduroy Corduroy

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744-683: Is also regulated by the FDA. The prescription fish oil derivative medicines differ from over-the-counter fish oil supplements. Prescription fish oil is considered a safe and effective option to reduce triglycerides . There are various prescription fish oil products that have been approved and permitted by the FDA for decreasing triglyceride levels. Prescription fish oil products having DHA work by raising LDL-C levels to reduce triglycerides, like fibrates . Heart experts advise that prescription fish oil helps in decreasing additional levels of blood fats. Prescription fish oils might only help when triglycerides reach

806-487: Is associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation . The liver and liver products (such as cod liver oil ) of fish and many animals (such as seals and whales) contain omega−3, but also the active form of vitamin A . At high levels, this form of the vitamin can be dangerous ( Hypervitaminosis A ). Consumers of oily fish should be aware of the potential presence of heavy metals and fat-soluble pollutants like PCBs and dioxins , which are known to accumulate up

868-821: Is cold-water oily fish , such as salmon , herring , mackerel , anchovies , and sardines . Oils from these fish have a profile of around seven times as much omega−3 oils as omega−6 oils . Other oily fish, such as tuna , also contain omega−3 in somewhat lesser amounts. Although fish is a dietary source of omega−3 oils, fish do not synthesize them; they obtain them from the algae ( microalgae in particular) or plankton in their diets. EPA and DHA are available as dietary supplements most commonly as fish oil capsules , softgels , and gummies, krill oil , and less commonly as algae oil . Generally, salmon oil has more DHA than EPA while other fish oils such as herring, mackerel, anchovies, sardines, and pollock have more EPA than DHA. (See Supplements section below.) For comparison, note

930-460: Is considered a durable cloth and is found in the construction of trousers , jackets , and shirts . The width of the wales varies between fabric styles and is specified by wale count —the number of wales per inch. A wale is a column of loops running lengthwise, corresponding to the warp of woven fabric. The lower the number, the thicker the wales' width (e.g., 4-wale is much thicker than 11-wale). Wale count per inch can vary from 1.5 to 21, although

992-490: Is controversial. For instance, one study showed decreased risk with higher blood levels of DPA . However, another reported increased risk of more aggressive prostate cancer with higher blood levels of combined EPA and DHA . Some evidence indicated an association between high blood levels of omega−3 fatty acids and an increased prostate cancer risk. However, this evidence from the Select Trial has been challenged on

1054-465: Is effective in patients with diagnosis of MDD and on depressive patients without diagnosis of MDD." A 2019 meta-analysis concluded that EPA ≥ 60% at a dosage of ≤1 g/d may have antidepressant effect. A Cochrane meta-analysis published in June 2012 found no significant protective effect for cognitive decline for those aged 60 and over and who started taking fatty acids after this age. A co-author of

1116-788: Is no relation between either 1) total fish intake or 2) estimated omega−3 fatty acid intake from all fish and serum omega−3 fatty acid concentrations. Only fatty fish intake, particularly salmonid, and estimated EPA + DHA intake from fatty fish has been observed to be significantly associated with increase in serum EPA + DHA. As of 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved four fish oil-based prescription drugs, namely Lovaza, Omtryg (both omega-3-acid ethyl esters ), Vascepa ( ethyl eicosapentaenoic acid ), and Epanova ( omega-3-carboxylic acids ). None of these drugs are actually fish oil; they are all derivatives of acids found in fish oil. Often marketed and sold for consumption as part of

1178-406: Is not enough data to determine the risk. The amount of spoilage and contamination in a supplement depends on the raw materials and processes of extraction, refining, concentration, encapsulation, storage and transportation. ConsumerLab.com reports in its review that it found spoilage in test reports it ordered on some fish oil supplement products. Fish oil itself is available as a prescription, but

1240-590: The European Food Safety Authority 's (EFSA) Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies, supplementation of 5 grams of EPA and DHA combined does not pose a safety concern for adults. A 1987 study found that healthy Greenlandic Inuit had an average intake of 5.7 grams of omega−3 EPA per day which had many effects including prolonged bleeding times, such as slower blood clotting . Two 2021 systematic reviews and meta-analyses concluded that more than 1 g/d marine omega−3 fatty acids

1302-747: The Harvard Medical School studied five popular brands of fish oil, including Nordic Ultimate, Kirkland and CVS. They found that the brands had "negligible amounts of mercury, suggesting either that mercury is removed during the manufacturing of purified fish oil or that the fish sources used in these commercial preparations are relatively mercury-free". There appears to be little risk of contamination by microorganisms, proteins, lysophospholipids, cholesterol, and trans-fats. Dioxins and PCBs may be carcinogenic at low levels of exposure over time. These substances are identified and measured in one of two categories, dioxin-like PCBs and total PCBs. While

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1364-550: The tissues of oily fish . Fish oils contain the omega−3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), precursors of certain eicosanoids that are known to reduce inflammation in the body and improve hypertriglyceridemia . There has been a great deal of controversy in the 21st century about the role of fish oil in cardiovascular disease , with recent meta-analyses reaching different conclusions about its potential impact. The fish used as sources do not actually produce omega−3 fatty acids. Instead,

1426-457: The 1964 International Six Days Trial, actor Steve McQueen and the rest of the American team. Adopted as the first choice waterproof clothing for the British armed forces during World War II , uses of waxed cotton escalated in the late 1940s and 1950s as spare material and army-surplus was liquidated. Rubber was normal waterproofing during the nineteenth century and although not breathable

1488-627: The Czech Republic, Slovakia, the Netherlands and Belgium it used to be simply known as "Manchester" - that still remains the current name for corduroy in Swedish. In Portugal, corduroy is associated with a completely different type of fabric, " bombazine ", and is referred to as such. In Greece and Cyprus they are known as kotlé pants. In Iran they are referred to as “Makhmal Kebrity” (velvet matchstick) or just “kebrity” (matchstick) pants as

1550-613: The European Union maximum limits in several fish oil brands, which required temporary withdrawal of these brands. To address the concern over contaminated fish oil supplements, the International Fish Oil Standards (IFOS) Program, a third-party testing and accreditation program for fish oil products, was created by Nutrasource Diagnostics Inc. in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. A March 2010 lawsuit filed by

1612-507: The French phrase corde du roi or the cord of the king . The word corduroy is from cord (i.e., rope) and duroy, which was a coarse woollen cloth made in England in the 18th century. Corduroy is made by weaving extra sets of fibre into the base fabric to form vertical ridges called wales . The wales are built so that clear lines can be seen when they are cut into pile. Corduroy

1674-636: The US FDA has not set a limit for PCBs in supplements, the Global Organization for EPA and DHA (GOED) has established a guideline allowing for no more than 3 picograms of dioxin-like PCBs per gram of fish oil. In 2012, samples from 35 fish oil supplements were tested for PCBs. Trace amounts of PCBs were found in all samples, and two samples exceeded the GOED's limit. Although trace amounts of PCBs contribute to overall PCB exposure, Consumerlab.com claims

1736-448: The US alone reaching $ 976 million in 2009. By 2020 the global omega−3 supplement market size had reached $ 5.58 billion, and fish oil based supplements accounted for 63.1% of that market. Fish oil supplements are available mainly as liquids or capsules. Most of these capsules are single-piece gel capsules or softgels . Also available are enteric-coated capsules that pass through

1798-413: The amounts reported by tests it ordered on fish oil supplements are far below those found in a single typical serving of fish. Peroxides can be produced when fish oil spoils. A study commissioned by the government of Norway concluded there would be some health concern related to the regular consumption of oxidized ( rancid ) fish/marine oils, particularly in regards to the gastrointestinal tract, but there

1860-436: The chance of death, cardiac death, heart attack, or stroke. A 2018 meta-analysis of 77,000 participants found a 3% reduction in the relative risk for those who supplemented fish oil; however, this effect was deemed insignificant. There have been some human trials that have concluded that consuming omega−3 fatty acids slightly reduces blood pressure (DHA could be more effective than EPA). Because omega−3 fatty acids can increase

1922-484: The concentrations of EPA and DHA in supplements can vary from between 8 and 80% fish oil content. The concentration depends on the source of the omega−3s, how the oil is processed, and the amounts of other ingredients included in the supplement. However, the bioavailability of EPA and DHA from both capsular and emulsified fish oils has been shown to be high. A ConsumerLab.com publication in 2010 stated that 3 of 24 fish oil supplements tested contained less EPA and/or DHA than

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1984-478: The diet or in dietary supplements in contemporary societies, fish oils also have found roles in external use, as emollients or as general ointments as well as in body art , or for alleged insulation against cold temperatures. Fishmeal and fish oil are the principal sources of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids ( eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) in animal diets. The most widely available dietary source of EPA and DHA

2046-508: The first four months of lactation. In addition, five-year-old children whose mothers received modest algae based docosahexaenoic acid supplementation for the first 4 months of breastfeeding performed better on a test of sustained attention. This suggests that docosahexaenoic acid intake during early infancy confers long-term benefits on specific aspects of neurodevelopment. In addition, provision of fish oil during pregnancy may reduce an infant's sensitization to common food allergens and reduce

2108-569: The first to wax cotton in the UK and export this specialist textile across the globe. Halley Stevensons began as a manufacturer of textiles for upholstery , curtains and furnishing, and added waxed cotton to their range in the 1990s. More recently, Templemoyle Mills was established and began manufacturing waxed cotton in Ireland ; the company registered in 2013. In 1968, Swedish company Fjällräven began producing their G-1000 fabric after research based on

2170-756: The fish accumulate the acids by consuming either microalgae or prey fish that have accumulated omega−3 fatty acids. Fatty predatory fish like sharks, swordfish , tilefish , and albacore tuna may be high in omega−3 fatty acids, but due to their position at the top of the food chain , these species may also accumulate toxic substances through biomagnification . For this reason, the United States Environmental Protection Agency recommends limiting consumption (especially for women of childbearing age) of certain (predatory) fish species (e.g., albacore tuna , shark, king mackerel , tilefish and swordfish ) due to high levels of

2232-621: The fisherman's slicker. From 1795, Arbroath -based sail maker Francis Webster Ltd had perfected the art of adding linseed oil to flax sails, creating an oiled flax. Lighter than wet sailcloth, the treatment was used by the Royal Navy and the early tea clippers . As the tea race competition increased, the clipper designers and captains looked for more weight reduction. The clippers were often used to ship cotton from Egypt , so they tried this lighter material. The first Egyptian cotton products with linseed oil applied started to appear from

2294-712: The fishy taste. For example, added lemon or strawberry flavor tends to produce a more agreeable product and are usually present in fish oil gummies . Generally, oily fish have more EPA than DHA versus salmon which has more DHA than EPA. To illustrate the amounts of EPA and DHA in supplements, a softgel capsule containing fish oil derived from pollock might contain a total of 642 mg of total fish oil, of which 584 mg are omega−3 fatty acids, with 377 mg EPA and 158 mg DHA. That same company's salmon oil softgel contains 1008 mg of total fish oil, of which 295 mg are omega−3 fatty acids, with 95 mg EPA and 118 mg DHA. According to ConsumerLab.com tests,

2356-721: The food chain . After extensive review, researchers from Harvard's School of Public Health in the Journal of the American Medical Association (2006) reported that the benefits of fish intake generally far outweigh the potential risks. Fish oil supplements came under scrutiny in 2006, when the Food Standards Agency in the UK and the Food Safety Authority of Ireland reported polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) levels that exceeded

2418-443: The grounds of methodology and that the quantitative difference between those who developed prostate cancer and those who did not "is so small as to be biologically irrelevant". There is uncertainty about the role of fish oil in cardiovascular disease, with reviews reaching different conclusions about its potential impact. Multiple evaluations suggest fish oil has little or no reduction on cardiovascular mortality, although there may be

2480-632: The late nineteenth century. By the early 1960s wartime-developed materials including nylon and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) had come to the commercial market in volume. The development of synthetic polymers began in the 1920s, gathering pace during and after the Second World War, though it took time for light, breathable waterproofing to be developed. Although the popularity of waxed cotton has decreased considerably, there remain various forms of waxed cotton with differences in look, touch and performance. Modern uses of waxed cotton have consolidated to

2542-476: The majority of fish oil products available via prescription are derivatives of fish oil. Such products are described elsewhere in this article. These preparations, with the purpose of treating or preventing medical disorder, are only available with a doctor's prescription. In the US, such prescriptions undergo the same Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory requirements as other prescription medications, including with regard to both efficacy and safety. Purity

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2604-445: The mid-1850s. Tea clipper sails were made from strong two-ply yarns in both warp and weft , which provided lighter cloth with extra strength for the larger sails. The recipe for coating each cloth remained unique to that cloth, but all cloths suffered the same problems: stiffness in the cold; and a tendency to turn a shade of yellow towards that of pure linseed oil (this contributed to the yellow colour of early fisherman's clothing). In

2666-529: The mid-1920s, three companies co-operated to create paraffin-impregnated cotton, which produced a highly water resistant cloth, breathable, but without the stiffness in the cold or yellowing with age. Woven by Webster's, it was taken to Lancashire for dyeing (black or olive green), and then to London for cupro-ammonia treatment. The cloth was then returned to Lancashire for waxing, and then back to Webster's for storage, sales and distribution. Webster's were cautious about disrupting their home market, and so sent

2728-411: The military and expeditionary experiences of the founder, Åke Nordin . G-1000 is still a key material in many of their outdoor products in 2023, although the modern fabric incorporates more environmental design factors. It is a cotton-polyester blend impregnated with their own odourless beeswax-paraffin recipe sold as "Greenland Wax". The wax washes out of the fabric after around 2-3 wash cycles. Roughly

2790-661: The new product to another part of the British Empire with similar climatic conditions and a love of sailing for testing: New Zealand . Given the local name Japara , as the material proved a weather and sales success, it was adopted as the trademark by Webster's. In 2005 a new technology, refined hydrocarbon wax, was developed to replace cupro–ammonia treatment and remove the smell. Current United Kingdom manufacturers include British Millerain Co. Ltd., Halley Stevensons Limited, and Templemoyle Mills. British Millerain were

2852-450: The omega−3 levels in some common non-fish foods: Fish oil became one of the earliest dietary supplements, and by the end of the 19th century, was used as a treatment for many diseases, including such ailments as tuberculosis and hysteria . The possible effects of fish oil and omega−3 fatty acids have since been studied in clinical depression, anxiety , cancer, and macular degeneration , yet they have not been proven effective. In

2914-406: The original manufacturer are recommended. Rewaxing is best undertaken in the summer, when the material is naturally at a warmer temperature. Then, in small sections, wax is warmed, placed on the material, and rubbed into it with a soft cloth. Once fully applied, the material should be gently warmed to allow the wax to penetrate and evenly cover it. Fish oil Fish oil is oil derived from

2976-482: The potential for adverse events among older adults taking fish oil "appear mild–moderate at worst and are unlikely to be of clinical significance". The FDA recommends that consumers do not exceed more than 3 grams per day of EPA and DHA combined, with no more than 2 grams from a dietary supplement. This is not the same as 3000 mg of fish oil. A 1000 mg pill typically has only 300 mg of omega−3; 10 such pills would equal 3000 mg of omega−3. According to

3038-488: The prevalence and severity of certain skin diseases in the first year of life. This effect may persist until adolescence with a reduction in prevalence and/or severity of eczema, hay fever and asthma. A 2014 Cochrane review found that, based on two large studies, fish oil supplements did not appear to be effective for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease . Fish oil is a commonly used dietary supplement , with sales in

3100-543: The processing of whole fish. An analysis based on data from the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study (NOWAC) with regards to the dangers of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in cod liver came to the conclusion that "in Norwegian women, fish liver consumption was not associated with an increased cancer risk in breast, uterus, or colon. In contrast, a decreased risk for total cancer was found." Microalgae oil

3162-467: The risk of bleeding, a qualified healthcare provider should be consulted before supplementing with fish oil. A 2008 Cochrane systematic review found that limited data is available. In the one eligible study, omega−3s were an effective adjunctive therapy for depressive but not manic symptoms in bipolar disorder . The authors found an "acute need" for more randomised controlled trials. A 2009 metastudy found that patients taking omega−3 supplements with

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3224-648: The risk of bleeding, although there is little evidence of significant bleeding risk at lower doses. Very large intakes of fish oil or omega-3 fatty acids may increase the risk of hemorrhagic (bleeding) stroke." There were studies to determine if fish oil had an effect on certain abnormal heart rhythms , although a 2012 meta-analysis found no significant effect. A 2008 meta-study found fish oil supplementation did not demonstrate any preventative benefit to cardiac patients with ventricular arrhythmias . A 2012 meta-analysis covering 20 studies and 68,680 patients, found that omega−3 fatty acid supplementation did not reduce

3286-495: The size of a typical bar of soap, the Greenland wax blocks are rubbed on the garment and the traces of wax are then melted into the fabric using an iron or hairdryer. This allows the customer to easily restore the water and wind resistance of the garment as needed. Waxed cotton became an instant success with the commercial shipping industry, and Webster's as the primary manufacturer looked for alternative markets. One early adopter

3348-420: The stomach before dissolving in the small intestine, thus helping prevent indigestion and "fish burps". Poorly manufactured enteric-coated products have the potential to release ingredients too early. ConsumerLab.com, a for-profit supplement testing company, reported that 1 of the 24 enteric-coated fish oil supplements it evaluated released ingredients prematurely. Fish oil products may use other techniques to hide

3410-408: The study said to Time , "Our analysis suggests that there is currently no evidence that omega-3 fatty acid supplements provide a benefit for memory or concentration in later life". Diets supplemented with cod liver oil have shown beneficial effects on psoriasis . Some studies reported better psychomotor development at 30 months of age in infants whose mothers received fish oil supplements for

3472-527: The toxic contaminant mercury . Dioxins , like PCBs and chlordane , as well as other chlorinated cyclodiene insecticides are also present. Fish oil is used in aquaculture feed , in particular for feeding farmed salmon . Marine and freshwater fish oil vary in contents of arachidonic acid , EPA and DHA. The various species range from lean to fatty, and their oil content in the tissues has been shown to vary from 0.7% to 15.5%. They also differ in their effects on organ lipids. Studies have revealed that there

3534-448: The traditional standard is usually between 10 and 12. Wide wale is more commonly used in trousers, and furniture upholstery (primarily couches); medium, narrow, and fine wale fabrics are usually found in garments worn above the waist. The primary types of corduroy are: Corduroy is traditionally used in making British country clothing , even though its origin lies in items worn by townspeople in industrial areas. Although it has existed for

3596-470: The treatment efficacy observed in the published literature may be attributable to publication bias." A 2014 meta-analysis of eleven trials conducted respectively on patients with a DSM-defined diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and of eight trials with patients with depressive symptomatology but no diagnosis of MDD demonstrated significant clinical benefit of omega−3 PUFA treatment compared to placebo. The study concluded that: "The use of omega-3 PUFA

3658-405: Was J. Barbour & Sons in the outdoor industry, producing waxed jackets for farmers and gamekeepers . As motorcycling emerged as personal transport, the new company Belstaff also developed clothing. Waxed cotton came in either black, or an inconsistent dark olive. Colour was controlled by the amount of copper left from the cupro-ammonia treatment, and because of variability of the olive

3720-472: Was claimed on the label. A 2012 report stated that 4 of 35 fish oil supplements that were tested contained less EPA or DHA than was claimed on the label, and 3 of 35 contained more. Problems of quality have been identified in periodic tests by independent researchers of marketed supplements containing fish oil and other marine oils. These problems may include contamination, inaccurate listing of EPA and DHA levels, spoilage, and formulation issues. A report by

3782-449: Was highly versatile and widely used. In 1823 Charles Macintosh patented a double textured fabric sandwiched around a layer of rubber. The Mackintosh became the synonym for the rain coat . Improved Macintosh was extremely versatile and was developed for fashionable wear and sporting activity and was made by numerous Manchester manufacturers. Other waterproof and wind proof fabrics, such as Burberry, Grenfell and Ventile were developed from

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3844-487: Was related to body weight.) The US National Institutes of Health lists three conditions for which fish oil and other omega−3 sources are most highly recommended: hypertriglyceridemia (high triglyceride level), preventing secondary cardiovascular disease , and hypertension (high blood pressure). It then lists 27 other conditions for which there is less evidence. It also lists possible safety concerns: "Intake of 3 grams per day or greater of omega-3 fatty acids may increase

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