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68-698: The Jaredites ( / ˈ dʒ ær ə d aɪ t / ) are one of four peoples (along with the Nephites , Lamanites , and Mulekites ) that the Latter-day Saints believe settled in ancient America. The Book of Mormon (mainly its Book of Ether ) describes the Jaredites as the descendants of Jared and his brother, who lived at the time of the Tower of Babel . According to the Book of Mormon, they fled across

136-601: A martyrdom ; his dying words were said to be, "I am dying a martyr to the faith." A 2007 article in the Deseret Morning News said that "Pratt was killed near Van Buren, Ark., in May 1857, by a small Arkansas band antagonistic toward his teachings". The historian Will Bagley reports that McLean and two friends tracked Pratt after he was released by Van Buren's magistrate. Brigham Young compared Pratt's death to those of Joseph and Hyrum Smith . Other Mormons blamed

204-471: A civilization that exceeded two million people just before its destruction. They finally destroyed themselves about the time Lehi and the other refugees from Jerusalem arrived in America. A prophecy of Ether was fulfilled: the last Jaredite king, Coriantumr , lived to see both the total destruction of his entire house, the scattering of the remaining Jaredites, and the arrival of another people to inherit

272-466: A farmer asked what he had done to provoke the attack. Pratt said, "He accused me of taking his wife and children. I did not do it. They were oppressed, and I did for them what I would do for the oppressed any where." Pratt was buried near Alma, Arkansas , despite his desire to be buried in Utah Territory . Some writers have viewed Pratt's death as the act of a jealous husband, deeply angered by

340-552: A group of people that descended from or were associated with Nephi , a son of the prophet Lehi , who left Jerusalem at the urging of God in about 600 BC and traveled with his family to the Western Hemisphere and arrived to the Americas in about 589 BC. The Book of Mormon notes them as initially righteous people who eventually "had fallen into a state of unbelief and awful wickedness" and were destroyed by

408-502: A group of people who came from the great tower to Mesoamerica . Ixtlilxochitl wrote that the people lived in an area in the northern parts of the land, along the Gulf Coast of Mexico . Other LDS researchers, such as W. Vincent Coon, point to native legends and suggest that the earliest immigrants to Central America migrated by land and boat from "northern America". Phyllis Carol Olive compares Jaredite civilization to ancient cultures of

476-600: A hymnal with 40 hymns of his own work while editor of the Millennial Star . In 1835, Pratt published a pamphlet about his missionary efforts in Mentor, Ohio . This work, entitled "A Short Account of a Shameful Outrage", was the first pamphlet ever published by a Mormon. One of Pratt's most influential works was a book entitled A Voice of Warning (1837), first published in New York City. Givens and Grow say

544-412: A lack of evidence and Ogden's own feelings after interviewing Eleanor. Ogden sympathized with Eleanor and Pratt, because he was so disgusted by Hector's drinking and wife-beating. Shortly after being secretly released, on May 13, 1857, Pratt was shot and stabbed by Hector on a farm northeast of Van Buren, Arkansas . He died two and a half hours later from loss of blood. As Pratt was bleeding to death,

612-616: A land bridge over the Bering Strait in prehistoric times. The statement said that there was no credible evidence of contact between Ancient Egyptian or Hebrew peoples and the New World, as indicated by the text of the Book of Mormon. The statement was issued in response to reports that the name of the Smithsonian Institution was being improperly used to lend credibility to the claims of those looking to support

680-422: A man who had "run off" with his wife. A 2008 Provo Daily Herald newspaper article characterized McLean as a man who had "hunted down" Pratt in retribution for "ruining his marriage". A 2008 Deseret News article described McLean as a man who had "pursued Pratt across Missouri, Oklahoma and Arkansas, angry that his estranged wife, Eleanor, had become Pratt's 12th wife." Many Mormons viewed Pratt's death as

748-707: A member of Zion's Camp. After Zion's Camp broke up, Pratt rejoined his wife, Thankful, who had remained in Clay County while he had been traveling. While working as a day laborer, Pratt served on the Missouri High Council . Thankful had run up large debts in Pratt's absence, and when he returned with her to Ohio, some felt he was trying to flee his creditors and criticized him for it. Pratt settled in New Portage, Ohio (now part of Barberton ), where he

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816-574: A midwife, remained in the LDS Church, and became a leading advocate for Mormon women against the attacks of those opposed to polygamy. In the fall of 1853, Pratt had seven living wives. These wives were: Agatha ran a millinery business in Salt Lake City. Other wives of Pratt: Pratt's constant missions left him little time with his family. After he started practicing plural marriage, the longest period of time he had with his family were

884-605: A missionary in New York City, Pratt returned to church headquarters in Missouri in 1838. He was arrested in November 1838, along with Joseph Smith, and was held in prison in Richmond and then Columbia until escaping on July 4, 1839. His writings during this and other imprisonments with Smith comprise many first accounts and stories preserved about Smith. Pratt was a noted religious writer and poet. Many of Pratt's writings are

952-506: A new king, he would finish out his reign as king, after which the Nephites would elect judges to govern them. There were at least three levels of judges: one chief judge, several higher judges, and several lower judges. (Some passages speak of multiple "chief judges", probably synonymous with "higher judges"; for example, Alma 62:47; 3 Nephi 6:21.) Judges were paid according to the amount of time they spent officiating. Mosiah II set

1020-700: A pioneer company along the Mormon Trail to the Salt Lake Valley. In 1849, Pratt was appointed one of the justices of the anticipated state of Deseret . He later served in the legislature of the provisional state of Deseret beginning in 1849. During this same time, as one of the seven members of the Quorum of the Twelve in Utah, he was among those who oversaw the division of Salt Lake City into wards and

1088-427: A small number of your lower judges should be gathered together, and they shall judge your higher judges, according to the voice of the people. After announcing the governmental shift from kings to judges, Mosiah explained the principle behind the change: The sins of many people have been caused by the iniquities of their kings.... Now it is not common that the voice of the people desireth anything contrary to that which

1156-492: A society that approached the ideals of Zion . The society endured for about two centuries before the people fell into wickedness again. After 4 Nephi , no mention is made of whether the Nephites used judges or kings. Mormon mentions that "the Lamanites had a king" (Mormon 2:9). His inclusion of that detail, phrased as it is, can be seen as a contrast to the Nephites having a chief judge. Since no change in government form

1224-533: A special election. He was re-elected in 1853, but only attended the 1853-54 session and did not return for the second year of his term. For the 1855-56 session, although not a member of the Council, he did serve as its chaplain . In 1856, he was again elected to a seat on the Council, but resigned before the session to leave on a mission. In 1856, Pratt went on a mission to the eastern United States. At that time, troubles were brewing in Pratt's life. Hector McLean

1292-485: Is right; but it is common for the lesser part of the people to desire that which is not right; therefore this shall ye observe and make it your law—to do your business by the voice of the people. The system of judges lasted for 120 years, when it was briefly overthrown for about three years (c. 30–33 AD) by an aristocratic cadre, led by a man named Jacob. It was replaced by a loose system of tribes and kinships, which lasted until Jesus appeared in America and established

1360-466: Is specifically mentioned after 4 Nephi, it is possible that the Nephites continued to use judges until their destruction in about AD 385. Parley P. Pratt Pratt explored and surveyed Parley's Canyon in Salt Lake City, Utah (named in his honor), and subsequently built and maintained the first road for public transportation in the canyon. Pratt practiced plural marriage . He

1428-456: The Book of Mormon . It included Pratt's testimony, along with that of the three and eight witnesses to the golden plates . Near the end of 1837, Pratt published Mormonism Unveiled: Zion's Watchman Unmasked , which is the earliest surviving response by a Mormon to an anti-Mormon writer. Pratt also wrote one of the earliest Mormon works of fiction. His " A Dialogue between Joseph Smith and

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1496-608: The Doctrine and Covenants . In total, Pratt is known to have written 31 published works, not including his posthumous autobiography. After the death of Joseph Smith , Pratt and his family were among the Latter Day Saints who emigrated to what would become Utah Territory . They continued as members of LDS Church, under the direction of Brigham Young . Pratt helped establish the refugee settlements and fields at both Garden Grove and Mt. Pisgah, Iowa . He personally led

1564-766: The Lamanites in about AD 385. Some Mormon scholars have suggested that the Nephites settled somewhere in present-day Central America . However, non-Mormon scholars and, notably, the Smithsonian Institution , have stated that they have seen no evidence to support the Book of Mormon as a historical account. The existence of the Nephites is part of the Mormon belief system. The Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies (FARMS) , part of Brigham Young University , has performed extensive archaeological research on this subject, and publications on

1632-632: The church . He was also ordained to the office of elder . Continuing on to his family's home, he introduced his younger brother, Orson Pratt , to Mormonism and baptized him on September 19, 1830. Arriving in Fayette, New York , in October 1830, Pratt met Joseph Smith and was asked to join a missionary group assigned to preach to the Native American tribes on the Missouri frontier. During

1700-547: The 18 months following his return from a mission to Chile. According to Terryl L. Givens and Matthew J. Grow , Pratt's "highest happiness was to be surrounded by a teeming domestic world of multiple wives and offspring." They noted that he also had an "antisocial bent". One of Pratt's grandsons, William King Driggs, was the father of the King Sisters . Mitt Romney , the Massachusetts governor (2003–07) and

1768-467: The 21st century. He published a book of poetry in 1835, the first collection of poems by a Latter-day Saint. Some of his poems have become staple Latter Day Saint hymns , some of which are included in the current hymnal of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Pratt wrote many of these hymns in 1839 while sailing to England to serve as a missionary. He was involved in compiling

1836-410: The Book of Mormon as an accurate, historical account of the New World peoples. ... Let me now state uncategorically that as far as I know there is not one professionally trained archaeologist, who is not a Mormon, who sees any scientific justification for believing the foregoing to be true, and I would like to state that there are quite a few Mormon archaeologists who join this group. ... The bare facts of

1904-531: The Devil ", was published on January 1, 1844, in the New York Herald . It was a religious treatise in fictional form. Pratt's most well-known theological work was A Key to Science of Theology, which was published in 1855. Other works by Pratt included Late Persecutions , Millennium and Other Poems , at least ten tracts published while he served as editor of the Millennial Star , and "Proclamation to

1972-473: The Great Lakes region. Nephites In the Book of Mormon , the Nephites ( / ˈ n iː f aɪ t / ) are one of four groups (along with the Lamanites , Jaredites , and Mulekites ) said to have settled in the ancient Americas . The term is used throughout the Book of Mormon to describe the religious, political, and cultural traditions of the group of settlers. The Nephites are described as

2040-523: The Jaredite civilization is also not specified in the Book of Mormon except that it was north of a narrow neck of land in what was called the "Land Northward" by the Nephites. The New World location of the Jaredites and Nephites is a subject of disagreement among Mormons . Joseph Smith indicated that the Jaredites arrived in "the lake country of America" and that "the Nephites... lived about the narrow neck of land, which now embraces Central America, with all

2108-766: The People of the Coasts and Islands of the Pacific", written by Pratt in the summer of 1851 in San Francisco, California, and published by W. C. Wandell in Sydney, Australia. Pratt's Visions and Poetry also serve as the text for many songs now found in the Latter Day Saint Hymnal. Pratt's writings also corroborate many events and revelations which are found in a book of Latter Day Saint scripture known as

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2176-402: The book was "a work that served the church as its most powerful proselytizing tool—after the Book of Mormon—for more than a century." Pratt made substantial revisions between the first and second editions after Joseph Smith voiced some reservations about it. The second edition of A Voice of Warning was published in 1839. In 1837, Pratt, along with John Goodson, published the second edition of

2244-466: The care of Mary Ann Young for nearly a year after Pratt remarried. Mary Ann and Pratt at times demonstrated a deep companionship in their marriage, most fully shown by her joining her husband in prison in Missouri. After Pratt began practicing polygamy , they became estranged. Pratt suggested his falling out with Mary Ann was "stung by falsehoods which are circulated in the Church". Some sources state that in 1843, Mary Ann Pratt married Joseph Smith ,

2312-690: The celebrated Elder, Parley Pratt)." In 2008, Pratt's family received permission from an Arkansas judge to rebury his remains in the Salt Lake City Cemetery , but no human remains were found at what was believed his gravesite. No further search efforts for Pratt's burial site have been planned. Pratt practiced plural marriage and had 12 wives, 30 children, and 266 grandchildren. In 2011, Pratt's living descendants were estimated to number 30,000 to 50,000. His first wife, Thankful Halsey Pratt, died following childbirth in March 1837. (Thankful

2380-571: The children to New Orleans, where she lived with them for three months at her parents' house. Eventually, she and the children left for Utah Territory, via Texas; they arrived in Salt Lake City on September 11, 1855. She worked in Pratt's home as a schoolteacher. On November 14, 1855, she and Pratt underwent a celestial marriage sealing ceremony in the Endowment House . She was the twelfth woman to be sealed to Pratt. For religious and cultural reasons, Eleanor considered herself unmarried at

2448-562: The church's founder. This marriage, however, does not appear on most lists of Smith's marriages. That same year, Smith married at least 17 other women—including Mary Ann's sister, Olive Grey Frost. Olive would marry Smith's successor, Brigham Young , after Smith's death in 1844. Pratt made several attempts to get Mary Ann to join him in traveling west in 1846 and 1847, but after spending the winter of 1846–47 in an abandoned Nauvoo , she chose to return to Maine. Pratt provided her with clothes and money upon her return to Maine. She received some of

2516-700: The cities that can be found." Some early Latter Day Saints, including Apostle Parley P. Pratt believed the Jaredites were descendants of Ham , based on the group's origins near the Tower of Babel, and initial migration into the Valley of Nimrod, an area associated with the descendants of Ham. Some Mormon apologists have argued for substantial parallels between the Jaredites and the Olmecs . For example, one scholar asserted that writings an ancient Native American historian, Fernando de Alva Cortés Ixtlilxochitl , wrote about

2584-439: The death of their child, Omner, without having had much success among the country's Catholic residents. In addition to having converted his brother Orson and preacher Sidney Rigdon , Parley Pratt introduced the Mormon faith to several future church leaders, including Frederick G. Williams , John Taylor and his wife, Leonora, Isaac Morley , and Joseph Fielding , along with his sisters, Mary and Mercy. In 1835, Pratt entered

2652-631: The death on the state of Arkansas, or its people. Due to Pratt's personal popularity and his position in the Quorum of the Twelve, his murder was a significant blow to the Latter-day Saint community in the Rocky Mountains. Pratt's violent death may also have played a part in events leading up to the Mountain Meadows massacre a few months later. After the massacre, some Mormons circulated rumors that one or more members of

2720-871: The events in Missouri to Joseph Smith. From Kirtland, Pratt traveled with Smith in Pennsylvania and western New York, preaching and trying to recruit people to serve in Zion's Camp . After traveling together for three weeks, during some of this time with Pratt serving as Smith's scribe, Smith returned to Kirtland from Geneseo, New York , for a court case. Pratt continued his missionary efforts along with Henry Brown. Pratt and Brown went to eastern New York to give his family members money to move to Kirtland. They went to Richland, New York , where Pratt convinced Wilford Woodruff , who had been baptized three months before, to join Zion's Camp. Pratt returned to Missouri later in 1834 as

2788-562: The events of the Book of Mormon. The National Geographic Society issued a similar letter in response to an inquiry from the Institute for Religious Research saying that "the Society does not know of anything found so far that has substantiated The Book of Mormon ". After the Nephites arrived in America, up to the reign of Mosiah II (c. 592–91 BC), the Nephites were ruled by kings. Nephi's brother Jacob explains that subsequent kings bore

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2856-474: The kidnapping of his children. Pratt managed to evade him and the legal charges, but was finally arrested in Indian Territory (now Oklahoma ) in May 1857. Pratt and Eleanor McLean were charged with theft of the clothing of McLean's children. (The laws of that time did not recognize the kidnapping of children by a parent as a crime.) Tried before Judge John B. Ogden , Pratt was acquitted because of

2924-641: The land. Outside the Book of Ether, the Book of Mormon relates that Coriantumr was found by the Mulekites . The Nephites later encountered the Mulekites and taught them the Nephite language. The Mulekites told them that Coriantumr had died some nine months after he had come to live with them. The Nephite prophet King Mosiah I was able to translate a large stone with engravings that gave an account of Coriantumr. Another record on twenty-four plates, discovered by

2992-573: The leadership of the early Latter Day Saint movement when he was selected as one of the original Quorum of Twelve Apostles. While on a mission to the British Isles in 1839, Pratt edited the newly created periodical, Millennial Star . While presiding over the church's branches and interests in New England and the mid-Atlantic states, Pratt published a periodical entitled The Prophet from his headquarters in New York City. After serving as

3060-404: The matter are that nothing, absolutely nothing, has even shown up in any New World excavation which would suggest to a dispassionate observer that the Book of Mormon, as claimed by Joseph Smith, is a historical document relating to the history of early migrants to our hemisphere. In 1996, the Smithsonian Institution issued a statement that addressed claims made in the Book of Mormon by stating that

3128-414: The ocean on unique barges and established an ancient civilization in America. Mainstream archaeology has found no evidence of the existence of Jaredites or any of the other three groups. According to the Book of Mormon, the Jaredites are the descendants of Jared , his brother, their immediate family, and their friends. ( Joseph Smith later identified the brother of Jared as Mahonri Moriancumer .) At

3196-559: The only credible or lasting accounts from important American and Mormon events, such as the Hauns Mill Massacre and the events and conditions of imprisonment with Smith at Liberty Jail. Pratt's first printed work was "'The Mormons' So Called", a 5500-word account of the persecution of Mormons in Jackson County in 1833. Pratt wrote an autobiography , published after his death but likely his most widely read work in

3264-535: The organization of other wards in Utah. Sometime in the mid-1850s, working with George D. Watt , Pratt helped develop the Deseret alphabet . In 1854, Pratt went to San Francisco, California, to preside over the LDS Church's Pacific Mission . After the organization of Utah Territory , Pratt served intermittently in the territorial legislature . In 1852, he was elected to the Territorial Council in

3332-516: The party had murdered Pratt, poisoned creek water that subsequently sickened Paiute children, and allowed their cattle to graze on private property. Pratt was one of the better known Mormons among other Americans; for instance, in his 1864-published visit to the Mormons, Fitz-Hugh Ludlow , in The Atlantic made a joke about "Mrs. Deacon Pratt" and referred to " Parley's Cañon (named after

3400-633: The people of King Limhi , was translated by the Nephite King Mosiah II . An abridged account of the Jaredite records was later included by Moroni , as the Book of Ether, in the Book of Mormon. The ocean crossed is not specified in the Book of Mormon. Hugh Nibley 's There were Jaredites and The World of the Jaredites argue for the Pacific Ocean , but Milton R. Hunter argues for the Atlantic Ocean . The location of

3468-479: The preaching of Sidney Rigdon . Pratt soon left his property to take up the ministry as a profession. While traveling to visit family in western New York, Pratt read a copy of the Book of Mormon owned by a Baptist deacon . Convinced of its authenticity, he traveled to Palmyra , and spoke to Hyrum Smith . Pratt was baptized in Seneca Lake by Oliver Cowdery on or about September 1, 1830, formally joining

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3536-456: The proceeds from the sale of Pratt's home to a Roman Catholic priest; the Nauvoo home is still used as a residence for Catholic priests. In 1852, Mary Ann traveled to Utah Territory, but she and Pratt did not see eye to eye on how to raise their children. Mary Ann received a divorce decree issued by Brigham Young in 1853. Mary Ann then settled in what is now Pleasant Grove, Utah . She worked as

3604-420: The rate at one senine of gold (or the equivalent senum of silver) for one day's work (Alma 11:1, 3). He also arranged for checks in this system to avert corruption as much as possible: And now if ye have judges, and they do not judge you according to the law which has been given, ye can cause that they may be judged of a higher judge. If your higher judges do not judge righteous judgments, ye shall cause that

3672-404: The subject and other historical topics are issued regularly by FARMS. This research is disputed by many researchers, including Michael Coe , a scholar in pre-Columbian Mesoamerican history, as well as the Smithsonian Institution . In 1973, Coe addressed the issue in an article for Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought : Mormon archaeologists over the years have almost unanimously accepted

3740-751: The summer he headed the School of the Elders, a gathering of about 60 men who studied religious and secular subjects, similar to the School of the Prophets in Kirtland, Ohio . In the fall of 1833, he served as president of the Mormon branch number 8 in Jackson County and as a leader in the Mormon militia. He was among those Latter Day Saints driven into Clay County, Missouri , by mob violence. In February 1834, Pratt and Lyman Wight headed back to Kirtland to report on

3808-609: The text is primarily a religious text and that archeologists affiliated with the Institution found "no direct connection between the archeology of the New World and the subject matter of the book." The statement further says that there is genetic evidence that the Native Americans are closely related to peoples of Asia and that archaeological evidence indicates that the Native Americans migrated from Asia over

3876-546: The time of her sealing to Pratt, but she had not legally divorced from Hector. While Pratt was serving a mission in the eastern states, Eleanor went to New Orleans to get her children. Eleanor then took the children from her parents and headed to Texas. This was at the same time that Pratt was serving as a missionary in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. Because Eleanor took the children, Hector blamed Pratt. Hector pressed criminal charges, accusing Pratt of assisting in

3944-472: The time of the Tower of Babel , when the tongues of all nations were confounded, the Lord acceded to the desires of Jared, and his people's language was not confounded. The people were also granted a land of promise. The Lord guided the people through the wilderness and were eventually directed to cross the sea in "barges". The vessels were sealed and watertight and able to be swamped by waves without sinking. Air

4012-408: The time of the first king to the destruction of the Jaredites, there were only occasional periods of peace and prosperity. The times of peace were interrupted by intrigue over the throne, civil war, and the accession of wicked kings. The history of the Jaredites confirmed the fears of Jared and his brother that a monarchy would lead to evil. The Book of Mormon claims that the Jaredites grew to become

4080-434: The title "Nephi". The people having loved Nephi exceedingly… were desirous to retain in remembrance his name. And whoso should reign in his stead were called by the people second Nephi, third Nephi, and so forth, according to the reigns of the kings; and thus they were called by the people, let them be of whatever name they would. The last Nephite king was Mosiah II . About 91 BC, he declared that, instead of naming

4148-470: The trip west, he and his companions stopped to visit Sidney Rigdon . They were instrumental in converting Rigdon and approximately 130 members of his congregation within three weeks. Pratt became close friends with the Smiths, particularly Joseph, with whom he would later experience persecution and imprisonment, including incarceration at Liberty Jail . In early 1833, Pratt served as a missionary in Illinois. He went to Jackson County, Missouri , where through

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4216-510: Was a native of Bethel, Maine (part of Massachusetts until 1820) whose first relative to join the church was Patty Bartlett Sessions , later a prominent midwife in Utah. Mary Ann was baptized by David W. Patten . She had come to Kirtland as a widow in 1836. Joseph Smith later condemned Latter-Day Saints for "marrying in five or six weeks, or even in two or three months, after the death of their companion." Pratt may have married Mary Ann so quickly to get back his infant son, although he remained in

4284-422: Was a widow ten years older than Pratt when she married him.) Pratt did, however, marry women averaging ten years younger than himself, the greatest age difference occurring with his marriage to his Ann Agatha Walker who was 18 to his 40 years. On May 14, 1837, Pratt married his second wife, Mary Ann Frost Stearns (1808–1891), a widow with a daughter. The marriage was performed by Frederick G. Williams . Mary Ann

4352-458: Was born in Burlington, New York , to Jared Pratt (1769–1839) and his wife, Charity Dickinson (1776–1849), a descendant of Anne Hutchinson . He married Thankful Halsey in Canaan, New York , on September 9, 1827. The young couple migrated west, where they settled near Cleveland, Ohio , where Pratt purchased land and constructed a home. In Ohio, Pratt became a member of the Reformed Baptist Society , also called "Disciples of Christ", influenced by

4420-428: Was murdered in 1857 by the estranged husband of his twelfth wife. Pratt fathered thirty children. His living descendants in 2011 were estimated to number 30,000 to 50,000. He is the great-great-grandfather of Mitt Romney , the 2012 Republican candidate for President of the United States, and Jon Huntsman Jr. , diplomat and former Governor of Utah , who served as the U.S. Ambassador to Russia from 2017 to 2019. Pratt

4488-420: Was obtained from outside the vessels, as needed. They also brought with them animals and food. The recorded length of the miraculous trip was 344 days. Among other things they carried in their voyage were honeybees, which, in the language of the Jaredites were called "deseret". Additionally, they brought seeds. Ether 2:3 Ether is the last in the royal line that began with one of the sons of Jared. From

4556-608: Was the estranged husband of one of Pratt's plural wives , Eleanor McLean. Pratt had met Eleanor in San Francisco, where he presided over a church mission. In San Francisco, Eleanor had joined the LDS Church and had also had her oldest sons baptized. Hector rejected Mormonism and opposed his wife's membership in the church. Though they did not divorce, the dispute led to the collapse of their marriage. Fearing that Eleanor would abscond to Utah Territory with their children, Hector sent his sons and daughter to New Orleans, Louisiana , to live with their maternal grandparents. Eleanor followed

4624-540: Was the leader of a group of Latter-day Saints there. In 1835, after his call as an apostle , Pratt served with other apostles in a mission to New York, New England, and eastern Canada. Pratt preached in Upper Canada , in and around Toronto , in 1836. In 1837 and 1838, he preached in New York City . Pratt later served as a missionary in the southern United States and in England, the Pacific islands, and South America. He moved to Chile to begin missionary work in Valparaíso . In 1852, Pratt and his family left Chile after

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