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47-445: Jasenak is a village located in the municipality of Obrenovac , Belgrade , Serbia. As of 2011 census, it has a population of 670 inhabitants. This Belgrade District , Serbia location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Obrenovac The largest Serbian thermal power plant TPP Nikola Tesla is located on the outskirts of the municipality. Obrenovac was also submerged and completely evacuated during

94-677: A battle against Ottomans. It was restored in 1859 by prince of Serbia Miloš Obrenović , after whom it was named. Church of the Holy Spirit was built in Obrenovac in 1870 and has a status of a protected cultural monument. The Day of the Municipality is December 20, the date of the decree of Prince Miloš Obrenović by which the name of Obrenovac was instituted, and its patron day is the Holy Trinity. The Municipality of Obrenovac

141-692: A circumference of 10.86 m (35.6 ft) (in 2018) and the Kaive Oak in Latvia with a circumference of 10.2 m (33 ft) are among the thickest trees in Northern Europe . The largest historical oak was known as the Imperial Oak from Bosnia and Herzegovina. This specimen was recorded at 17.5 m in circumference at breast height and estimated at over 150 m³ in total volume. It collapsed in 1998. Two individuals of notable longevity are

188-771: A circumference of 4 m (13 ft) and more is in Latvia. In Ireland, at Birr Castle , a specimen over 400 years old has a girth of 6.5 m (21 ft), known as the Carroll Oak. In the Basque Country (Spain and France), the ' tree of Gernika ' is an ancient oak tree located in Gernika , under which the Lehendakari (Basque prime minister) swears his oath of office. The largest example in Australia

235-486: A fallen oak. In Germany, the oak tree can be found in several paintings of Caspar David Friedrich and in "Of the life of a Good-For-Nothing" written by Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff as a symbol of the state protecting every citizen. In Serbia the oak is a national symbol, having been part of the historical coat of arms of the Socialist Republic of Serbia , the historical coat of arms and flags of

282-527: A few simple hairs on the lower surface. They are dark green above, paler below, and are often covered in small disks of spangle gall by autumn. Flowering takes place in spring (early May in England). It is wind-pollinated. The male flowers occur in narrow catkins some 2–4 cm ( 3 ⁄ 4 – 1 + 1 ⁄ 2  in) long and arranged in small bunches; the female flowers are small, brown with dark red stigmas, about 2 mm in diameter and are found at

329-553: A summer house in nearby village of Stubline (then Neudorf ). During a period of Austrian rule, between 1688. and 1717, the town was called Zweibrücken ('two bridges'), and during the Turkish rule it was called Palež ('arson'), possibly as a reference to frequent looting and fires it was subjected to. On 11 April 1815, during the Second Serbian Uprising , the town was burned to the ground by Serbian forces in

376-404: A valuable food resource for several small mammals and some birds, notably Eurasian jays Garrulus glandarius . Jays were overwhelmingly the primary propagators of oaks before humans began planting them commercially (and remain the principal propagators for wild oaks), because of their habit of taking acorns from the umbra of its parent tree and burying them undamaged elsewhere. Quercus robur

423-416: Is a deciduous tree up to 40 metres (130 ft) tall, with a single stout trunk that can be as much as 11 m (36 ft) in girth (circumference at breast height) or even 14 m (46 ft) in pollarded specimens. Older trees tend to be pollarded, with boles (the main trunk) 2–3 m ( 6 + 1 ⁄ 2 –10 ft) long. These live longer and become more stout than unpollarded trees. The crown

470-453: Is called "chêne pédonculé". The genome of Q. robur has been completely sequenced (GenOak project); the first version was published in 2016. It comprises 12 chromosome pairs (2n = 24), about 26,000 genes and 750 million bp . There are many synonyms, and numerous varieties and subspecies have been named. The populations in Iberia, Italy, southeast Europe, and Asia Minor and

517-460: Is most likely to be confused with sessile oak , which shares much of its range. Distinguishing features of Q. robur include the auricles at the leaf base, the very short petiole, its clusters of acorns being borne on a long peduncle, and the lack of stellate hairs on the underside of the leaf. The two often hybridise in the wild, forming Quercus × rosacea . Turkey oak is also sometimes confused with it, but that species has "whiskers" on

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564-560: Is planted for forestry , and produces a long-lasting and durable heartwood , much in demand for interior and furniture work. The wood of Q. robur is identified by a close examination of a cross-section perpendicular to fibres. The wood is characterised by its distinct (often wide) dark and light brown growth rings. The earlywood displays a vast number of large vessels (around 0.5 mm or 1 ⁄ 64 inch in diameter). There are rays of thin (about 0.1 mm or 1 ⁄ 256  in) yellow or light brown lines running across

611-565: Is rare on thin, well-drained calcareous (chalk and limestone) soil. Sometimes it is found on the margins of swamps, rivers and ponds, showing that it is fairly tolerant of intermittent flooding. Its Ellenberg values in Britain are L = 7, F = 5, R = 5, N = 4, and S = 0. Within its native range, Q. robur is valued for its importance to insects and other wildlife, supporting the highest biodiversity of insect herbivores of any British plant (at least 400 species). The most well-known of these are

658-443: Is spreading and unevenly domed, and trees often have massive lower branches. The bark is greyish-brown and closely grooved, with vertical plates. There are often large burrs on the trunk, which typically produce many small shoots. Oaks do not produce suckers but do recover well from pruning or lightning damage. The twigs are hairless and the buds are rounded (ovoid), brownish and pointed. The leaves are arranged alternately along

705-459: The 2014 Southeast Europe floods . Obrenovac is situated 30 km south-west of central Belgrade near bends of the river Sava to the north. The river Kolubara flows to the east of the town on its way to join the Sava. Total land area of the municipality of Obrenovac is 411 km (159 sq mi). Apart from the town, it consists of the following villages: Some of the neighborhoods in

752-794: The Milky Way . The oak tree also had a symbolic value in France. Some oaks were considered sacred by the Gauls ; druids would cut down the mistletoe growing on them . Even after Christianization , oak trees were considered to protect as lightning would strike them rather than on nearby inhabitation. Such struck trees would often be turned into places of worship, like the Chêne chapelle . In 1746, all oak trees in Finland were legally classified as royal property, and oaks had enjoyed legal protection already from

799-591: The Principality of Serbia , as well as the current traditional coat of arms and flag of Vojvodina . In England, the oak has assumed the status of a national emblem. This has its origins in the oak tree at Boscobel House , where the future King Charles II hid from his Parliamentarian pursuers in 1650 during the English Civil War ; the tree has since been known as the Royal Oak . This event

846-701: The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew , who found that there were 115 oaks (of both species) in England with a circumference of 9 m or more, compared with just 96 in Europe. This is attributed to the persistence of mediaeval deer parks in the landscape. The Majesty Oak, with a circumference of 12.2 m (40 ft), is the thickest such tree in Great Britain . The Brureika ( Bridal Oak ) in Norway with

893-798: The Stelmužė Oak in Lithuania and the Granit Oak in Bulgaria , which are believed to be more than 1500 years old, possibly making them the oldest oaks in Europe; another specimen, called the ' Kongeegen ' ('Kings Oak'), estimated to be about 1,200 years old, grows in Jaegerspris , Denmark . Yet another can be found in Kvilleken , Sweden , that is over 1000 years old and 14 m (46 ft) around. Of maiden (not pollarded) specimens, one of

940-467: The pedunculate oak or English oak , is a species of flowering plant in the beech and oak family, Fagaceae . It is a large tree, native to most of Europe and western Asia , and is widely cultivated in other temperate regions. It grows on soils of near neutral acidity in the lowlands and is notable for its value to natural ecosystems, supporting a very wide diversity of herbivorous insects and other pests, predators and pathogens. Quercus robur

987-584: The 17th century. The oak is also the regional tree of the Southwest Finland region. During the French Revolution , oaks were often planted as trees of freedom . One such tree, planted during the 1848 Revolution , survived the destruction of Oradour-sur-Glane by the Nazis . After the announcement of General Charles de Gaulle 's death, caricaturist Jacques Faizant represented him as

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1034-490: The Caucasus are sometimes treated as separate species, Q. orocantabrica, Q. brutia Tenore, Q. pedunculiflora K. Koch and Q. haas Kotschy respectively. Quercus × rosacea Bechst. ( Q. petraea x Q. robur ) is the only naturally-occurring hybrid, but the following crosses with other white oak species have been produced in cultivation: There are numerous cultivars available, among which

1081-470: The Croatian 5 lipa coin; on old German Deutsche Mark currency (1 through 10 Pfennigs; the 50 Pfennigs coin showed a woman planting an oak seedling), and now on German-issued euro currency coins (1 through 5 cents); and on British pound coins (1987 and 1992 issues). It is often claimed that England has more ancient oaks than the rest of Europe combined. This is based on research by Aljos Farjon at

1128-560: The age of the tree, with blue tits and great tits timing their egg hatching to the leaves opening. The most common caterpillar species include the winter moth , the green tortrix and the mottled umber , all of which can become extremely abundant on the first flush of leaves in May, but the oak trees do recover their foliage later in the year. The acorns are typically produced in large quantities every other year (unlike Q. petraea , which produces large crops only every 4-10 years) and form

1175-514: The entire Sava valley, are preserved for its genetic importance. Also dwindling is the presence of other species of higher quality, like silver poplar , grey poplar , European white elm , field elm and European wild pear . Autochthonous species are threatened by the later introduced and fast spreading species, like American ash , Canadian poplar , box elder , common milkweed , common ragweed , annual fleabane and, especially invasive, desert false indigo . They are gradually being replaced with

1222-553: The floodplains of the Sava and Kolubara river. It influences the microclimate and mitigates the bad aftermaths of the Obrenovac's high level of industrialization. The area was protected on 29 November 2013 and covers 47.77 ha (118.0 acres) and is separated from Sava by the embankment ( dolma ) with promenade. Present forests developed after the area was cut clean in 1941 and 1942, and are mostly short-lived sprout forests of low quality. More quality groves of pedunculate oak and narrow-leafed ash , once omnipresent and dominant in

1269-419: The following are commonly grown: The species is native to most of Europe and western Asia , and is widely cultivated in other temperate regions. It is a long-lived tree of high-canopy woodland, coppice and wood pasture, and it is commonly planted in hedges. When compared to sessile oak, it is more abundant in the lowlands of the south and east of Britain, and it occurs on more neutral (less acid) soils. It

1316-510: The growth rings. The timber is around 720 kilograms (1,590 pounds) per cubic meter in density. In the Scandinavian countries, oaks were considered the " thunderstorm trees", representing Thor , the god of thunder. A Finnish myth is that the World tree , a great oak which grew to block the movement of the sky, sunlight and moonlight, had to be felled, releasing its magic, thus creating

1363-491: The municipality of Obrenovac has a population of 68,882 inhabitants. The ethnic composition of the municipality: The largest Serbian thermal power plant TPP Nikola Tesla is located on the outskirts of the town; its chimney is widely visible as the surrounding area is generally flat. Touristic facilities include the Zabran forest on the right bank of the Sava. It is located outside of the urban zone of Obrenovac, northeast of

1410-551: The municipality. On the location of the old landfill along the Kolubara river, an arboretum was planted on 1.4 ha (3.5 acres). It contains over 600 plants from 40 deciduous and 20 coniferous species, both autochthonous and allochthonous (China, Japan, Korea, America), including an orchard with old, Serbian varieties. Species include paulownia , metasequoia , larch , taxodium , liquidambar , koelreuteria , sweet maple , poplar , willow , ash and oak . The arboretum

1457-711: The name of eight major Royal Navy warships. The naval associations are strengthened by the fact that oak was the main construction material for sailing warships. The Royal Navy was often described as "The Wooden Walls of Old England" (a paraphrase of the Delphic Oracle ) and the Navy's official quick march is " Heart of Oak ". In folklore, the Major Oak is where Robin Hood is purported to have taken shelter. Oak leaves (not necessarily of this species) have been depicted on

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1504-490: The older species. Not far from the Zabran is the hotel "Obrenovac", located at the entry into the town from the Belgrade direction. The hotel has thermal springs, outdoor and indoor Olympic swimming pools, aqua park and sports complex. The spa with sulfuric water is active since c.1900. Two wells were drilled in the 1930s, one kilometer apart, both reaching the same spring at the depth of 469 m (1,539 ft). One well

1551-633: The oldest is the great oak of Ivenack , Germany . Tree-ring research of this tree and other oaks nearby gives an estimated age of 700 to 800 years. Also the Bowthorpe Oak in Lincolnshire , England is estimated to be 1,000 years old, making it the oldest in the UK, although there is Knightwood Oak in the New Forest that is also said to be as old. The highest density of Q. robur with

1598-462: The ones that form galls, which number about 35. In Britain, the knopper gall is very common, and Andricus grossulariae produces somewhat similar spiky galls on the acorn cups. Also common in Britain are two types of spherical galls on the twigs: the oak marble gall and the cola nut gall . The latter are smaller and rougher than the former. A single, large exit hole indicates that the wasp inside has escaped, whereas several smaller holes show that it

1645-533: The south of the town on the Valjevo road. The most famous football club from Obrenovac is FK Radnički Obrenovac ; its stadium is beside the Belgrade road. The oldest school in the town is found next to Topolice. It carries the name of Jovan Popović. The school was built by Miloš Obrenović . The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2022): The first elementary school in Obrenovac

1692-812: The tips of new shoots on peduncles 2–5 cm long. The fruits (acorns) are borne in clusters of 2–3 on a long peduncle (stalk) 4–8 cm long. Each acorn is 1.5–4 cm long, ovoid with a pointed tip, starting whitish-green and becoming brown, then black. As with all oaks, the acorns are carried in a shallow cup which can be distinctive in identifying the species. It is an "alternate bearing" species, its large crops produced every other year. Grandinin / roburin E , castalagin / vescalagin , gallic acid , monogalloyl glucose ( glucogallin ) and valoneic acid dilactone , monogalloyl glucose, digalloyl glucose , trigalloyl glucose , rhamnose , quercitrin and ellagic acid are phenolic compounds found in Q. robur . The heartwood contains triterpene saponins . Q. robur

1739-430: The town and west of the Kolubara's mouth into the Sava. It is also accessible by boat as it has a peer. The forest has a 1.5 km (0.93 mi) long trim trails and arranged excursion sites. The pathways and bicycle path connect Zabran and the beach Perilo on the Sava. Under the name Obrenovački Zabran, the area is protected as the natural monument. The forest is one of the rare remaining autochthonous high forests in

1786-790: The town are Topolice, Rojkovac, Dudovi, Rvati, Muzička kolonija, Sljivice, Belo polje, Gaj, and Stočnjak. In the Middle Ages, the area was part of Serbian states. King of Srem Dragutin Nemanjić ruled it between 1282 and 1319, and established monasteries in Grabovac and Mislođin . In 1521, it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire , who ruled it for the next 300 years. Subsequently, it was site of numerous battles in frequent Ottoman–Habsburg wars and often changed hands. Austrian Regent of Serbia Charles Alexander, Duke of Württemberg built

1833-419: The twigs and are broadly oblong or ovate, 10–12 centimetres (4– 4 + 1 ⁄ 2  in) long by 7–8 cm ( 2 + 3 ⁄ 4 – 3 + 1 ⁄ 4  in) wide, with a short (typically 2–3 millimetres or 1 ⁄ 16 – 1 ⁄ 8 inch) petiole . They have a cordate (auricled) base and 3–6 rounded lobes, divided no further than halfway to the midrib. The leaves are usually glabrous or have just

1880-478: The village of Skela, in the western section of the municipality, there is a popular attraction of ethno-yard which includes the mini-zoo. Other green areas include another protected natural monument, "Group of pedunculate oaks at Jozić cabin", which are over 200 years old, Arboretum with exotic and autochthonous plants, and the Natural History Home. There is also a game hunting ground "Posavina" in

1927-631: The winter buds and deeper lobes on the leaves (often more than halfway to the midrib). The acorn cups are also very different. Quercus robur (from the Latin quercus , "oak" + robur derived from a word meaning robust, strong) was named by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum (1753). It is the type species of the genus and classified in the white oak section ( Quercus section Quercus ). It has numerous common names, including "common oak", "European oak" and "English oak". In French it

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1974-439: Was arranged as a spa, while the other was an unregulated water well called Cevka ("small pipe"), even used by the local farmers for their cattle. In 2017–2018 Cevka was urbanized and arranged as a proper spa, too, with pools. Spas, hotel, and health care center form one health and touristic complex spreading on 20 ha (49 acres). Water is not for human consumption and has a temperature of 21 to 22 °C (70 to 72 °F). In

2021-459: Was celebrated nationally on 29 May as Oak Apple Day , which continues to this day in some communities. Many place names in England include a reference to this tree, including Oakley, Occold and Eyke. Copdock, in Suffolk , probably derives from a pollarded oak ("copped oak"). 'The Royal Oak' is the third most popular pub name in Britain (with 541 counted in 2007) and HMS Royal Oak has been

2068-444: Was destroyed during the 2014 floods and was replanted. A Natural Exhibition Home was built, with several permanent exhibitions, including one on moths and butterflies, and the canal with a small bridge was dug. The orchard contains chestnut , almond , medlar , old varieties of apples ( kolačara , budimka ) and pears ( karamanka ). There is a green market in the centre of the town, and also flea market (as of August 2006) to

2115-523: Was established in 1824 and is one of the oldest schools in Serbia. Now there are 10 elementary schools in the municipality, as well as the Gymansium (established in 1922), Technical High School, and Agricultural High School. Three bus lines connect Obrenovac with Belgrade: 860, 860E and 861A. Obrenovac is twinned with following cities and municipalities: Pedunculate oak Quercus robur ,

2162-410: Was incorporated within community of Belgrade municipalities in 1957. Obrenovac was Serbian town which suffered the greatest damage by the unprecedented floods in May 2014. Most of the population has been evacuated to safety. Sudden surge of water from Kolubara river on May 15 devastated the town, killing at least 14 persons, with several persons still missing. According to the 2022 census results,

2209-447: Was parasitised by another insect, and these emerged instead. The undersides of oak leaves are often covered in spangle galls , which persist after the leaves fall. One of the most distinctive galls is the oak apple , a 4.5 cm diameter spongy ball created from the buds by the wasp Biorhiza pallida . The pineapple gall , while less common, is also easily recognised. The quantity of caterpillar species on an oak tree increases with

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