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41-534: In 1865, remnants of a Roman settlement were uncovered in Repišće , Klinča Sela , a village in Jastrebarsko metropolitan area. Further archeological investigation in the late 20th century classified them as a villa rustica and a necropolis consisting of six tumuli , both dating to the early Roman Empire period. The remnants are deemed to be the westernmost group of Noric - Pannonian tumuli and they make

82-658: A bar stool or a Double Bass Chair, & the advantage is it allows the instrument to sit flat against the stomach. There is a view that the first tambura orchestra was formed in Hungary in the 19th century. The instruments' names came from the Hungarian names of the musical instruments of the symphony orchestra ("cselló" meaning cello , "bőgő" meaning contrabass ) and from the Hungarian Gipsy bands ( bőgős , prím , kontra ). These orchestras soon spread to what

123-406: A guitar , mostly plays chords on the "back beat" for rhythm. A bugarija has four strings, the bottom pair are D , the middle string is A and the top two are tuned F# and F# . The čelo ( cselló ) – It is similar to the bugarija, but it plays in the bass key, there are no chords and the head is similar to the contrabass, but you play it like any other tambura in the family. The čelo-berde or

164-713: A Croatian traffic expert, to solve the transport problems riddling Jastrebarsko's roads. Preliminary opinion by Dadić called for construction of four additional interchanges on the Zagreb–;Karlovac stretch that would stop Jastrebarsko from being the bottleneck exit for all commuters living on the A1 corridor. The climate of Jastrebarsko is classified as maritime temperate with a slightly drier winter ( Cfwbx in Köppen climate classification system ). The city experiences four separate seasons. Winters are mild and summers are cool and

205-604: A family of long-necked lutes popular in Southeast Europe and Central Europe , especially Serbia (in Vojvodina , Mačva and Posavo - Tamnava ), Bosnia and Herzegovina , Croatia (of which it is the national string instrument), Slovenia , and Hungary (predominantly amongst its ethnic South Slavic minority groups). It is also known in Burgenland , Austria . All took their name and some characteristics from

246-475: A large tambura-much bigger than a guitar in 1877 or 1878. It stretched two thicker and two thinner strings on it and Joza called it the bas or berdon. They developed an orchestra with a little tambura called the prima , 5 kontra and 1 bas. The number of strings on a tamburica varies and it may have single or double-coursed strings or a mixture of both. Double-coursed strings are tuned in unison . The basic forms of tamburica are (Serbian and Croatian name

287-448: A lot of shapes. Sometimes it has a different tune, or it has 6 strings instead of five. The standard that most students use has five strings (one double and three single) But sometimes it has six strings (two doubles and 2 singles). It's the smallest in the family ( (about 50 cm long), but is very loud. It is mostly used as a lead instrument or harmonizing instrument. The bisernica (from Serbian and Croatian "biser" meaning "pearl")

328-533: A low population density and encompasses only 29,697 people. The settlements in the city administrative area are: Jastrebarsko was home to two important Croatian Roman Catholic cardinals : Aloysius Stepinac (1898–1960) and Franjo Kuharić (1919–2002). Aloysius Stepinac ( Croatian : Alojzije Stepinac ) was born in Krašić municipality in Jastrebarsko metropolitan area and made Archbishop of Zagreb in 1937 and later cardinal in 1952. In 1946, Stepinac

369-566: A migration from easily accessible locations to steeper hills and creation of isolated walled refugia . This is attributed to the loss of stability in the Pannonian region and in the Empire overall. A necropolis belonging to Sveta Marija was found on the small valley of Popov Dol and small items were excavated therefrom. Those were mostly bronze bracelets and glass chalices, items that Romans buried with their deceased. Two similar sites were found in

410-530: A sharpened form, which can be found still on some bisernicas, but the "snail" design later got the supremacy. The snail headstock design dates from at least the 19th century and the Viennese guitars of Johann Georg Stauffer . Tamburica orchestras can have various formats from a trio to a large orchestra. A basic trio consists of a prim , a kontra and a čelo . Larger orchestras also have bas-prims and bass-prim-terc tamburas. The first major composer for

451-508: A tenth of the total area. The records from the earlier censuses show a decrease in total population from a high of 17,895 in 1991, although the population of the seat settlement has been continuously increasing since at least 1981. Jastrebarsko metropolitan area includes the City of Jastrebarsko and three adjacent municipalities: Klinča Sela , Krašić and Žumberak . The area is fairly large at 628 square kilometers (242 sq mi), but has

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492-622: A very rare occasion of tombstones located directly on top of tumuli, which is in the rest of Croatia recorded only in Donji Čehi . The location of this archeological site on the fluvial terraces of the local Konjava stream is attributed to the peaceful state of the central Roman Empire, which in turn led to formation of settlements in river valleys. Sveta Marija pod Okićem ( lit.   ' Saint Mary under Okić ' ) (locally nicknamed Grič), an archeological site located some 2.5 kilometers (1.6 mi) north of Repišće dating to 4th century, shows

533-491: A yellow goshawk on a blue blackground. The first mention of this name is found in a 1249 document of the Croatian ban Stjepan Gutkeled as "lands of Jastraburcza" ( Latin : forenses de Jastraburcza ). The town is therein described as a trade and judicial center. In 1257 Croato-Hungarian King Bela IV awarded Jastrebarsko the status of a " free royal trading center " ( Croatian : slobodno kraljevsko trgovište ) by

574-406: Is Kajkavian dialect word for river ). On the west, Jastrebarsko is bordered by the Žumberak Mountain ( Croatian : Žumberačka gora ), a mountain range spreading through southeast Slovenia and southwest Prigorje, specifically Žumberak municipality and City of Samobor . The average altitude of the city is 154 metres (505 ft) and the highest elevation in the Jastrebarsko metropolitan area

615-486: Is another name for the "prim". It's also referred to "Tamburica". The name comes from the Croatian diminutive of the word "Tambura" The Brač has one double string and three single strings. (basprim), a slightly bigger, lower instrument than the bisernica but played in a similar fashion. The čelović – originally has one double string and three single strings. It's a deeper version of the basprim. The bugarija or kontra ( brácsó ) – It has four single strings, similar to

656-465: Is another solo instrument very similar to the samica in both shape and sound. It is predominantly played in and around the region of Lika . It is typically larger than the samica and tuned to a lower note. The Tambura Trožica is a lesser known tambura with three strings (hence the name "trožica" lit. "three stringed"). It was played in the Bosanska Krajina and kozara . The prim comes in

697-502: Is given with Hungarian name in the parenthesis, if different): The Samica is a solo instrument that is rarely found as a part of the standard tamburica orchestra. The samica is thought to be the ancestor of the modern tamburica and usually consists of two doubled strings. The samica is traditionally played in Slavonia , Baranja and Vojvodina . A Dangubica, also known as a "Razbibriga", "Kozarica", "Tikvara", "Potpalac" or "Kuterevka"

738-488: Is now Bosnia , Austria , Slovenia , the Czech Republic and Slovakia . The tamburica is made in three parts; body, neck and head. The body ( sound box ) was pear-shaped until the middle of the nineteenth century CE, and was built by scooping out the log. Today they are mostly built in the way of the guitar and even the smallest, the bisernica, has a constructed box. The fingerboard has frets . The head usually had

779-591: Is recorded on the 1,181-metre (3,875 ft) Sveta Gera summit of the Žumberak mountain, also claimed by Slovenia. Jastrebarsko lies on both Zagreb– Split ( Adriatic - Ionian highway) and Zagreb- Rijeka (Corridor Vb) rail and road corridors. There is a highway exit near Jastrebarsko on the A1 highway , located between the Lučko interchange near Zagreb and the Karlovac interchange. This 37-kilometer (23 mi) stretch

820-541: Is the oldest modern highway in Croatia, dating back to 1970. The Zagreb–Karlovac–Rijeka magistral railroad M202, part of the Pan-European corridor Vb , passes through Jastrebarsko. Jastrebarsko is served by a high-speed tilting train running between Zagreb and Rijeka and commuter trains operating between the town and Zagreb. The city administration has called for a traffic study in 2007 by Ivan Dadić ,

861-635: The 2001 census , it has 354 inhabitants living in an area of 1.96 square kilometers (0.76 sq mi). This Zagreb County geography article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Tamburica Tamburica ( / t æ m ˈ b ʊər ɪ t s ə / tam- BOOR -it-sə or / ˌ t æ m b ə ˈ r ɪ t s ə / TAM -bər- IT -sə ; sometimes written tamburrizza or tamburitza ; Serbo-Croatian : tamburica / тамбурица , lit.   'little tamboura') or tamboura ( Hungarian : tambura ; Greek : ταμπουράς , romanized :  tampourás ) refers to

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902-617: The Greeks and Slavs used to call "pandouras" (see pandoura ) or " tambouras " the ancestor of modern bouzouki . The instrument was referred to as θαμπούριν, thambourin in the Byzantine Empire (confer Digenis Akritas , Escorial version, vv. 826–827, ed. and transl. Elizabeth Jeffrey). It is said it was probably brought by the Turks to Bosnia , from where the instrument spread further with migrations of Šokci and Bunjevci above

943-592: The Persian tanbur but also resemble the mandolin and guitar in the sense that its strings are plucked and often paired. The frets may be moveable to allow the playing of various modes . The variety of tamburica shapes known today were developed in Serbia and Croatia by a number of indigenous contributors near the end of the 19th century. There is little reliable data showing how the tamboura entered Central Europe . It already existed during Byzantine Empire , and

984-614: The Sava River to all parts of Croatia , Serbia and further, although this theory is not consistent with the generally accepted view that the ancestor of the tamboura is the ancient Greek pandouris. Until the Great Migration of the Serbs at the end of the 17th century, the type of tambura most frequently used in Croatia and Serbia had a long neck and two or three strings (sometimes doubled). Similar string instruments include

1025-406: The global warming affects the climate in Jastrebarsko by increasing average yearly temperature by 1.2 °C (2.1 °F). In the 2011 census , the city of Jastrebarsko has a total population of 15,866. 5,493 of whom live in the settlement of Jastrebarsko itself ( naselje ). The settlement ( naselje ) of Jastrebarsko encompasses nearly a third of the total population of the town, but less than

1066-636: The 1593 Battle of Sisak , a major and decisive battle in the Ottomans' centuries-long occupation of Balkans . Later, in 1809 during the expansion of Napoleon 's First French Empire , Jastrebarsko was for a short time incorporated in the Illyrian Provinces . This lasted until Summer 1813, when the French retreated from Croatia. Jastrebarsko started to rapidly develop following the 1848 abolishment of feudalism. The Zagreb – Karlovac railway

1107-564: The Archbishop of Zagreb in 1970. In 1983 pope John Paul II chose him as a cardinal. Kuharić remained on that duty until his retirement in 1997. Two influential Croatian politicians are known to have lived in Jastrebarsko. Vladko Maček , a Croatian politician from the first half of the 20th century also hails from Jastrebarsko. Born in a nearby village, Kupinec , Maček led the Croatian Peasant Party fighting for

1148-517: The Czech bratsche , Turkish saz and the sargija , çiftelia and bouzouki . The oldest surviving and authenticated tambura known, which is still kept in a museum in Osijek, dates from 1847 and was owned by Pajo Kolarić of Osijek, who was also the founder of the first amateur tamburica orchestra. In honour of him, a festival called tamburitzan is held every year in Osijek. The development process of

1189-450: The Hungarian sympathizer and ban of Croatia Khuen-Héderváry . He lived in Jastrebarsko for seven years while working in a law practice. Ljubomir Micić , born in Jastrebarsko in 1895, was a Serbian poet, writer, critic, editor and actor. Boris Klemenić was mayor of the town for eight years. Repi%C5%A1%C4%87e Repišće is a naselje (settlement) in the municipality of Klinča Sela , Zagreb County , Croatia . According to

1230-477: The dry season spans through the winter and early spring. The average January low is around −6  °C (21  °F ), while the July high tends to be near 22 °C (72 °F). The average yearly temperature is 10 °C (50 °F). Record temperatures have been encountered in July 1983 (35.5 °C or 95.9 °F) and January 1985 (−25.5 °C or −13.9 °F). There are scientifically documented claims that

1271-601: The independence of Croatia since the assassination of Stjepan Radić until World War II and the establishment of the Independent State of Croatia by the Axis powers which defeated the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1941. Ante Starčević , termed "Father of the Croatian homeland" ( Croatian : Otac domovine ), fought for the independence and the democratical re-establishment of the medieval Kingdom of Croatia , opposing

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1312-488: The means of a golden bull . This status helped Jastrebarsko combat the interests of local feudal lords until the abolishment of the feudal system by ban Josip Jelačić in 1848. From 1518 to 1848 Jastrebarsko is heavily influenced by the Croato-Hungarian noble family Erdödy . The bans Petar II and Toma II Erdödy were known for their victories against the spreading Ottoman Empire . Toma, son of Petar, won

1353-653: The modern tamburica was initiated by several Serbian and Croatian citizens over a period of time. The original long neck, pear shaped tamburica was called the samica and it came in a small or larger size. The kontra, which had 4 strings tuned in an upper A chord was used only as an accompaniment instrument, it originated in Dalmatia . During the autumn of 1875, after a rebellion in Bosnia had broken out, many refugees arrived in Sremski Karlovci . Among these refugees

1394-467: The standing čelo- it has four strings and it is played vertically, but you sit while you play. It is used for the bass but it is not a very popular instrument in the tambura family. The bas or berda ( tamburabőgő ), also called begeš ( bőgős ) – four strings. It is the largest instrument in the tamburica family, and is similar to contrabass . It can only be played standing and is used for playing bass lines. It could also be played sitting down by using

1435-578: The tamburica was Pajo Kolarić , who formed the first amateur tamburica orchestra in Osijek in 1847. Kolarić's student Mijo Majer formed the first tamburica choir led by a conductor , the "Hrvatska Lira ", in 1882. Croatian composers for the tamburica include Franjo Ksaver Kuhač, Siniša Leopold and Julije Njikoš. The instrument is associated with Croatian nationalism . Vinko Žganec , an associate of Béla Bartók , collected more than 19,000 Croatian folk songs. The Grand Tamburica Orchestra of Radio Novi Sad

1476-455: The vicinity: Pavlovčani and Plešivica pass . The name Jastrebarsko is derived from jastreb , the Croatian word for 'hawk' or 'falcon'. This can be attributed to the practicers of falconry ( Croatian : jastrebar , pl. jastrebari ), who were active in the area of southwest Zagreb County. A remnant of falconry can also be found in the Jastrebarsko coat of arms , which features

1517-580: Was a district capital in the Zagreb County of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia . The town was the site of a concentration camp for Serb children operated by the authorities of the Independent State of Croatia during World War II, from mid-July to August 1942. Jastrebarsko is located in the Prigorje region of Central Croatia , built around the Reka Creek ( Croatian : Potok Reka ; reka

1558-509: Was a man named Marko Capkun who brought two tamburas with him. He called the small one icitel and the larger one sarkija. These tamburas did not use wire strings but rather gut strings pulled through little holes on the neck and tied behind. A woodworker, Josif, in Sremski Karlovci began to make Marko's tamburas, but instead of the traditional pear shape, he made them into the shape of a little guitar. A bird catcher named Joza built

1599-407: Was built in 1865, providing the town with a major source of employment. The local elementary school, founded in the 17th century, was augmented by a number of other cultural, social and sports organization, including a library, the singing society "Javor", association of tamburica players, a volunteer fire brigade and a theater and others. In the late 19th and early 20th century, Jastrebarsko

1640-509: Was founded in 1951 under the leadership of Sava Vukosavljev, who composed and arranged many pieces for tamburica orchestra and published a comprehensive book Vojvođanska tambura ("The Tambura of Vojvodina "). There are also orchestras of Radio Belgrade and Radio Podgorica , Radio Kikinda etc. Janika Balaž , a member of the Radio Novi Sad orchestra who also had his own octet, was a popular performer whose name became synonymous with

1681-521: Was sentenced by a Yugoslav court to 16 years in prison for alleged collaborating with the Nazis. He was released five years later and died in home confinement . He was buried in the Zagreb Cathedral and Franjo Šeper succeeded him as the new Archbishop of Zagreb. The other cardinal was Franjo Kuharić , also from Krašić. He became a priest in 1945 and succeeded Šeper (then already a cardinal) as

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