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58-403: The Jever City Council consists of 30 members—the fixed number for a town with a population of between 12,001 and 15,000 inhabitants. The 30 councillors are elected by local elections for a five-year term. The current term of office began on 1 November 2021 and ends on 31 October 2026 The full-time mayor Jan Edo Albers ( Independent ) is also entitled to vote in the city council. The results of

116-700: A bronze spear tip and socket axe . During the Roman period the Chauci had a settlement in the area of Jever. Around 826 Frisia was given by Louis the Pious to the Danish King Harald Klak following his conversion to Christianity , Harald had sought refuge at Louis’ court after being driven from his homeland. The 9th century epic Gudrunlied mentions the Danish dominion of Friesland and contains

174-522: A political party to a minimum, as its ideological agenda is not typically that of any locality: Local elections are held every three years to elect local government politicians for the two tiers of local government in New Zealand . In the United Kingdom the term local elections refers to county, unitary authority , borough, district, city, town and parish elections. These take place on

232-529: A center of Jewish life in Frisia, reaching its peak in the late 19th century. After that many youngsters left for larger cities where they hoped to find better economic opportunities (and since the 1920s also to escape growing anti-semitism). This caused the community to shrink to only half of its former size: by 1933, there were only 98 Jews left in Jever. The synagogue (inaugurated in 1802) was completely destroyed in

290-578: A glacial outwash plain and now usually mantled by a heathland vegetation on the glacial deposits left behind after the last ice age during the Pleistocene epoch. The term geest is a substantivisation of the Low German adjective güst , which means "dry and infertile". It is an Old Drift landscape, characterised by the sandy depositions of the Ice Age . In the depressions between

348-582: A reference to “Givers” in the area of Sande which is probably the first record of Jever. A further reference in 1158 notes a town by the name of "Geverae", the latinisiation of the low German Geveren or Gaveren (" pasture ", or alternatively "Place of the Thing "). Coins stamped in Jever have been found as far afield as the Finnish Gulf and Warta in Poland which serves as testament to Jever importance as

406-571: A trading town. during the 10th and 11th centuries Jever was a port and had access to the North Sea via both the Jade and the Harlebucht . Over time however land movements meant the access to the sea disappeared and the later construction of dikes has now left Jever well inland. Nevertheless, Jever retained importance as a trading post. In 1546 Hooksiel became an outer harbour for Jever and with

464-413: Is dated 1661 and the house at Am Kirchplatz 9, not far from the town hall, with its bell-gable , was built in 1715. The Rococo portal, which does not belong to the building, was not added until 1934, however, when the previously brick-faced façade was plastered. In the nearby Wangerstrasse 8 there is a granary built in 1650 with centrally located loading hatches. The building at Wangerstrasse 14 (today

522-627: Is part of the Landtag Electoral District of Friesland , which covers the entire district of Friesland. The direct management was won on 15 October 2017 by Olaf Lies from the SPD. On 22 November 2017, Lies was elected Lower Saxony's Minister for Environment, Energy, Building and Climate Protection. The legislative period ends in 2022. Jever belongs to the Bundestag constituency of Friesland – Wilhelmshaven – Wittmund . It includes

580-558: Is situated on a flat tongue of the Oldenburg-East Frisian geest , which rises 7 to 8 metres above the surrounding flat marshes of the Wangerland. The foothills were formed by sand deposits during the Ice Age . The Cleverns district is a typical landscape with a geest culture, which can be seen in the wall hedges . Towards the town border with Schortens, Jever has bogs which are protected under conservation. Jever

638-705: Is surrounded by several interconnected tiefs . (A tief is a watercourse close to the sea, the bed of which is generally or largely below mean sea level. They are mainly used to drain lower areas behind dikes .) These include the Moorlandstief in the east, the Mühlentief in the west, and the Tettenser Tief and the Hooksieler Tief in the north. All of the tiefs in Jeverland flow into

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696-580: Is thought to make it possible for small parties to compete, as in the case of Matt Gonzalez in San Francisco, California . Such a ballot reform is often a complement to moving towards a " strong mayor " system, such as in Baltimore, Maryland , or as recently advocated in Oakland, California . Residents of Takoma Park, Maryland can vote in municipal elections when they turn sixteen - the first in

754-512: The Congress of the Council of Europe , The European Charter of Local Self-Government aims to establish basic European rules in order to measure and safeguard the rights of local authorities. The Charter commits the parties to applying basic rules guaranteeing the political, administrative and financial independence of local authorities. The Congress conducts two main activities so as to evaluate

812-589: The Cubist style. Its tower contains four bells and measures 23 metres. A small chapel located in the former sacristy is used as a place of worship for masses on weekdays. Jever Castle was built from a fortified complex from the 14th century. The castle was the seat of the Jever Dominion . Its centre was a mighty Bergfried , which from the 16th century onwards was integrated into a four-wing castle complex surrounded by moats and ramparts. From 1560 to 1564,

870-558: The Korfhage tower clock factory in Melle , was donated by Jacobus Eden, who later became an honorary citizen of the town. Local election In many parts of the world, local elections take place to select office-holders in local government , such as mayors and councillors . Elections to positions within a city or town are often known as "municipal elections". Their form and conduct vary widely across jurisdictions . Adopted by

928-578: The Night of Broken Glass , and at least 63 Jever Jews were killed in the Holocaust . On 1 July 1972, the neighbouring municipality of Cleverns-Sandel was incorporated into Jever. The population of Jever, from 1939 to 1 January, increased significantly after the Second World War due to the influx of displaced persons . A further leap occurred in 1972 after the former Cleverns-Sandel community

986-540: The Oldenburgische Landesbank . It was built around 1850 by the merchant Diesendorf and has a triaxial central avant-corps , which is divided by Corinthian pilasters . The prominent building "Hof von Oldenburg" at Alter Markt 14 is a historic restaurant, built in 1798 as one of the first buildings outside the city's defences. A carillon at the "Hof von Oldenburg", inaugurated in April 1983, recalls

1044-545: The United States . Geest Geest ( German pronunciation: [ɡeːst] , Dutch : geestgrond [ˈɣeːstxrɔnt] , Danish : gest [ˈke̝ˀst] ) is a type of landform , slightly raised above the surrounding countryside, that occurs on the plains of Northern Germany , the Northern Netherlands and Denmark . It is a landscape of sandy and gravelly soils formed as

1102-584: The male-line of Anhalt-Zerbst perished and its territories were split. Jeverland was then inherited by Catherine II of Russia , formerly Princess Sophia of Anhalt-Zerbst and Frederick August's sole surviving sibling. It remained Russian until Napoleon 's armies occupied it in 1807. Between 1808 and 1810 it was part of the Kingdom of Holland , a Napoleonic vassal state. When the French were forced to withdraw in 1813, Russia regained possession of Jever and gave it to

1160-606: The Charter's implementation: local and regional election monitoring and observation. The Congress regularly observes local and/or regional elections in member and applicant countries, which allows the Council to monitor the state of local and regional democracy in the countries concerned. With regards to its monitoring mission, the Congress prepares monitoring reports. In Saudi Arabia and Kuwait , local elections have proven to be easier to achieve than larger scale ones that affect

1218-625: The Jever City Council has been headed by Mayor Jan Edo Albers (Independent). At the mayoral election on 6 October 2013, this jurist and former lawyer was elected full-time mayor. He won the run-off elections with 51.11%, narrowly beating the Independent candidate Dietmar Rüstmann with 48.88%. The turnout was 56.02%, compared with 74.75% in the first round of voting. In the elections to the Lower Saxony Landtag , Jever

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1276-486: The Jever church jury" only fifty years later. One of these improvements is probably the polygonal choir screen, which archaeological research showed the chapel did not receive until 1660. The interior of the church is a light-flooded apse hall. It is 16 metres long and seven metres wide. In the construction of the St. Anne's Chapel, younger bricks as well as bricks in the so-called monastery format were used, which probably came from

1334-740: The North Sea via the Hohenstief Sieltief in Horumersiel . Lake Moorwarfener, a former quarry pond which is managed by the Jever Fishing Club, is also located in the town area. The lake is located in the Jeveran district of Moorwarfen and covers around 17 hectares . Jever has a temperate climate, under the direct influence of the North Sea . Daytime temperatures are lower in summer, and often higher in winter, than in

1392-410: The altarpiece is composed of four carved and coloured panels with scenes from the legendary life of St. George . The chapel served in earlier times as a suburban church and today it is almost exclusively a cemetery chapel. The cemetery surrounding it was already mentioned in 1665 as Capellen-Kirchacker , but was currently only reserved as a burial place for suburbanites and members of the garrison. After

1450-403: The area has been inhabited since the neolithic era. A dolmen was located near the town up until at least 1880 but was removed sometime at the end of the 19th century due to farming expansion. In addition to this tools such as a flint dagger and sickle have been found in the Jever area. From later periods around the 6th century BCE there has also been a number of urns uncovered as well as

1508-542: The cemetery surrounding the town church was abolished in 1803, the Capellen-Kirchacker became the cemetery of the town of Jever, which has been extended several times since then. The Baptist Prayer House in Jever was built in 1858 and is one of the oldest Baptist church buildings in Germany and the second oldest in Jever. The prayer house is still used for worship services today. It is located outside

1566-406: The central one being higher and wider than the side towers. The golden letters DVMG are harmoniously distributed over the spires of the towers. A golden lion strides upright in the archway, its claws and tongue tinged in red. On both sides of the gate stands a red plank fence." The town gate with the three towers represents the original existing town fortifications of Jever. The lion is the symbol of

1624-420: The city of Wilhelmshaven and the districts of Friesland and Wittmund . Siemtje Möller (SPD) is the directly elected member of parliament. No party candidates from the constituency entered the Bundestag via party listings. The depictions of the town's coat of arms have changed several times over the centuries. The coats of arms have always been used in very different variations and colours. For this reason, at

1682-693: The city's unofficial title as " Marienstadt ". Maria died in 1575 but her death was kept secret for fear of a return of the East Frisians . Instead, Jever became one of Oldenburg's territories by last will of Maria. In 1667 Jever was through distaff passed under control of the Anhalt-Zerbst . After Prince Frederick August , who had supported the English in the American Revolutionary War for financial reasons, died in 1793,

1740-464: The control of Oldenburg . A letter sent to King Philip III of France , details that between 1271 and 1285, the people of Östringer were subject to no sovereign, but that they selected their own judges and chiefs themselves (see Frisian freedom ). Jever was granted rights as a town in 1347. Around the turn of the 15th century the town continued to be a prosperous trading center, this attracted not only merchants but also pirates . The most famous of

1798-551: The course of history. It was commissioned by Fräulein Maria, the daughter of Edo Wiemken, and was created between 1561 and 1564 by students of the Antwerp sculptor Cornelis Floris. It is considered an important example of Dutch Renaissance art. St.-Annen-Kapelle is the oldest preserved church in the town of Jever. It was built in 1610, but "again completely renovated and improved by Harmen Warner and Jakob Hanke, currently members of

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1856-514: The end of the 1960s, the town commissioned the former head of the Oldenburg State Archives and recognised expert in heraldry , Hermann Lübbing, to design a contemporary representation of the coat of arms on the basis of historical traditions. The result was the present coat of arms of the town with the following blazoning: "In blue above a silver, a sloping rampart with an open stepped gabled gate, three silver red-roofed towers,

1914-457: The extension of paved roads from Jever to Hooksiel the need for even small ships to sail to Jever was abolished. Today in the centre of Jever a children's playground with a climbing frame in the shape of a ship serves as a reminder of the city's important maritime past. Saxon Dukes and subsequently the House of Welf later ruled over Jever, finally at the end of the 12th century, Jever came under

1972-434: The first Thursday of May every year. Councillors generally sit for four years. The number of independent (non-party) Councillors has declined over the past forty years - nowadays the overwhelming majority of local Councillors belong to one of the major parties. In the United States there is an increasing demand for electoral reform , including a call for instant-runoff voting to be used to select all major executives. This

2030-515: The fortified town centre. At Schlachtstraße 1 is the so-called Haus der Getreuen (House of the Faithful), which has a sandstone portal in Rococo style. It was probably built in the first half of the 18th century and was extended by a window axis in the west before 1890. One of the most important buildings of Classicism in Jever is the house at Mühlenstraße 1 , which is today the headquarters of

2088-558: The headquarters of the Brune-Mettcker publishing house) was built in 1823 on part of the filled up moat as a town weighhouse and public house. A particularly impressive building is the former Löwenapotheke pharmacy in Apothekerstrasse 1 . The house, which is older in its core, goes back in its present form to the pharmacist Johann Carl Christian Sprenger, who acquired the southern gabled house in 1798 and connected it with

2146-475: The historic centre of Jever on the banks of the Elisabeth River in the so-called St. Annen suburb. Until the 1950s, two small residential buildings were located in the present car park in front of the prayer house. They had to be erected in front of the church, as free-church places of worship were only permitted as backyard buildings in the 19th century. The Roman Catholic Church of St. Mary is built in

2204-470: The inner city with its often plastered brick buildings has been largely preserved. Typical are the numerous high-quality sandstone portals of the 18th and 19th centuries. A larger number of historic houses can be found in the area of the church square. Particularly noteworthy is the Schwarzer Bär inn located at Kirchplatz 14 , a two-storey brick building dating from 1562. The house at Am Kirchplatz 1

2262-468: The last local elections, on 11 September 2016, are as follows. Deviations from the results of the local elections of 11 September 2011 are indicated in the third column. The voter turnout in the 2016 local elections was 56.19%, slightly above the Lower Saxony average of 55.5%. For comparison, the voter turnout was 53.43% in the previous local elections on 11 September 2011. Since 12 November 2013,

2320-463: The late medieval rule or the chieftains of Jever. The Latin letters DVMG recall the granting of the town charter in 1536 by Fräulein Maria von Jever. They stand for "Donat Urbi Maria Gubernacula", meaning "Mary gives the power of government to the town" in Latin. The flag and banner can be described as such: "The flag or banner is blue-and-white-striped horizontally or vertically, with the coat of arms in

2378-577: The middle." Jever is twinned with the following cities: Jever is situated in Jeverland , part of the north-eastern part of the East Frisian peninsula, and is located near the coast of the North Sea in Lower Saxony , some 15 kilometres west of Wilhelmshaven and Jade Bight . Jever borders the municipality of Wangerland to the north, the town of Schortens to the east and south, and

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2436-468: The most important rulers of the Jeverland several times a day. They appear in the following order: Edo Wiemken the Younger, Mary of Jever, Count Anton Günther, Prince Johann August of Anhalt-Zerbst and Tsarina Catherine II of Russia; all of them bearing various insignia of their rule over Jever. The 16 bells of the carillon play different folk tunes to the circulation of the figures. The carillon, made by

2494-427: The national or federal government. By giving voice to people on the smaller scales of government, over such issues as water supply, power, and sewer systems, confidence is thought to be built to eventually reform higher levels of government. In more mature developed nations there is always an effort to get more information about candidates and options to people, and to keep the influence of larger national bodies like

2552-466: The neighbouring house. Of the Drostenhaus already mentioned, only the portal, dated 1756, remained, which was integrated into the new building at Hopfenstrasse 2 . Other portals are located at Am Kirchplatz 17 (mid-18th century) and at the houses Schlossstrasse 4 (1754), Wangerstrasse 10 (1765) and Wangerstraße 13 (1823). Some remarkable residential buildings have also been preserved outside

2610-526: The new grand dukes of Oldenburg in 1818. Jever was connected to the railway network in 1871 by a line from Sande . From 1881, a line connected it westwards to Wittmund , Esens and Dornum , and from 1888 there was a line northwards to Carolinensiel . The railway station in Jever still has a waiting room for the exclusive use of the Dukes of Oldenburg to this day. Because Anhalt-Zerbst had guaranteed security and freedom of business for Jews, Jever became

2668-491: The pirates was a band who were known as the " Likedeeler ", and included Klaus Störtebeker and Goedeke Michels . The last Baron of the Jeverland was Edo Wiemken who, in 1505, completed the reconstruction of the castle and is buried in the city church. After Edo's death Jever came under the control of Graf Edward I . However Maria of Jever , the daughter of Edo restored the city's independence, and in 1536 whilst under her rule Jever received its city rights which has led to

2726-581: The raised flats are wet meadows and, where drainage is poor, bogs . Geest lands are made up of moraines and sandurs . They are almost always next to flat marshlands , the geest being higher and better protected against flood but, compared to the marsh, with poor soil for agriculture. Where the geest borders the sea directly, sand cliffs exist. The oldest settlements in Northern Germany and Denmark lie on geest, since it provided better protection against storm floods . Many important towns are on

2784-506: The rest of the country. The climate as a whole is characterised by westerlies . According to the Köppen climate classification system, Jever is in the classification Cfb. C stands for a warm temperate climate, fb for a humid temperate climate with warm summers. The nearest weather station is in Hooksiel , 13 kilometres away. Archaeological findings in the vicinity of Jever suggest that

2842-601: The rubble of the Oestringfelde monastery . The altar is also worthy of note, the top of which was painted in rural style in 1703. On the left wing, Moses is depicted in front of the raised serpent and on the right wing, the crucified Jesus Christ . Among the representations on the altar wings there is an inscription: And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted up. (The Gospel of John , chapter 3, verse 14). The central part of

2900-534: The then-regent Maria von Jever had various alterations carried out in the Renaissance style . It is the most important secular building in the city. Since 1921 the castle has been home to the Castle Museum. It displays exhibits on the cultural history, folklore and archaeology of the Jeverland. The town hall of Jever was built in 1609-1616 by the master Albert von Bentheim. The original Dutch gable

2958-490: The three-manual organ built by Johann Adam Berner in 1750–1756. The Amsterdam merchant Diedrich Garlichs , born in Neuende, had donated it. In 1964 the present church was built, a modern, strongly staggered central building, connected to the preserved apse of the destroyed church. Seen from a distance, the building gives the impression of a "city crown". Dieter Oesterlen (1911-1994), the architect, stated that his intention

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3016-453: The town and churches. In addition, there are several museums that concentrate on a specific theme, or offer changing special exhibitions in addition to a main theme. The Evangelical Lutheran town church stands on the church square in Jever, on the site of its predecessor churches. When the previous church on this site had burnt down, the new building, was consecrated in 1736. It subsequently burned down on 1 October 1959. This fire also destroyed

3074-486: The town of Wittmund to the west. In the southwest, Jever briefly borders the East Frisian municipality of Friedeburg . Since the local government reorganization of 1972, the town consists of the core town of Jever, into which the previously independent suburban area of Jever had already been incorporated in 1844, as well as the districts of Moorwarfen , Rahrdum , Cleverns , Sandel and Sandelermöns . The town

3132-525: The town the power to govern". In front of the town hall is one of the oldest public fountains, the Ratspütt . In the old town there are numerous well-preserved residential buildings. Despite some demolitions (especially on St. Annenstrasse and Lindenbaumstrasse), and renovation measures on Hopfenzaun and Drostenstrasse, to which the Drostenhaus , among others, fell victim in 1975, the old character of

3190-465: Was "to clearly separate listed buildings from new buildings". According to him, "both structures come to their own architectural effect". The sandstone framing of the entrance portal and the baptismal font are from the previous church. The organ in the town church is the work of the Wilhelmshaven organ builder Alfred Führer . It has 47 stops and mechanical action. The disposition of the instrument

3248-481: Was designed by the Jeverian cantor Günter Maurischat  [ de ] , and the prospectus of the organ was made according to a design by Dieter Oesterlen. The church interior can accommodate about 800 people attending church services. In the aforementioned historical apse is the listed Edo-Wiemken monument, which commemorates the last male East Frisian chief of the Jeverland and has already survived two fires in

3306-510: Was incorporated into the town of Jever. In 2015, the proportion of foreigners was 3.92 percent. They come from 64 nations, most of them from the former Yugoslavia , followed by Italians and former citizens of the Soviet Union. Jever offers a variety of historical, cultural, technical and also botanical monuments, which refer to the different epochs of the history of the Jever area, spanning over 1,000 years. The city offers guided tours of

3364-423: Was replaced in 1836 by the present, much simpler finish. In 1963 the town hall was almost completely demolished due to deterioration, and replaced by a new building. Only the outer façade could be preserved in the new building. The top of the gable also had to be removed and replaced. Part of the façade is featured in the city's coat of arms with the inscription Donat Urbi Maria Gubernacula , meaning "Mary gives

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