24-463: Jewish Quarter may refer to: Jewish quarter (diaspora) , areas of many cities and towns traditionally inhabited by Jews Jewish Quarter (Jerusalem) , one of the four traditional quarters of the Old City of Jerusalem Jewish Quarter (Spanish: Barrio de los Judíos ), a popular name for Villa Muñoz , Montevideo Mellah , a walled Jewish quarter of
48-663: A "Jewish Quarter", though Spain hasn't had a significant Jewish population for over 500 years. Over the course of World War II , Nazi Germany reestablished Jewish ghettos in Nazi-occupied Europe (which they called Jewish quarters) for the purpose of segregation, persecution, terror, and exploitation of Jews, mostly in Eastern Europe. According to USHMM archives, "The Germans established at least 1,000 ghettos in German-occupied and annexed Poland and
72-465: A city in Morocco See also [ edit ] Jewish ghetto (disambiguation) Jewish Quarterly , UK literary and cultural magazine The Jewish Quarterly Review , Jewish studies journal Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Jewish Quarter . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
96-640: A piece of yellow cloth on their head and neck, without which they would be stoned. The Jews continued to wear the Shikla in Tunisia until the creation of the Pacte fondamental (which removed dhimmi status) following the decree of Mohammed Bey on 14 September 1858. The pact not only abolished the clothing but allowed Jews to wear the Red Chéchia headpiece like the rest of Tunisians. Ibn Abi Dhiaf wrote about
120-569: A qadi in Tlemcen around 1450, reported that native Jewish men in the Maghreb wore a distinguishing piece of yellow fabric ( shikla ) over their outer clothing so that their identity was clear, whereas Jews who had migrated to the Maghreb distinguished themselves by means of a skull-cap topped with a tassel. The Flemish traveller Anselm Adornes reported the same, mentioning that the Jews of Tunis wore
144-565: Is "Di yiddishe gas" ( Yiddish : די ייִדישע גאַס ), or "The Jewish quarter." While in Ladino , they are known as maalé yahudí , meaning "The Jewish quarter". Many European and Near Eastern cities once had a historical Jewish quarter and some still have it. The history of the Jews in Iraq is documented from the time of the Babylonian captivity c 586 BC. Iraqi Jews constitute one of
168-690: Is not clear how long Ibn Talib's humiliating decree remained in force, but it is clear that in the Maghrebi case, the purpose of the patch was not merely ghiyār , but also dhull (humiliation) in keeping with the koranic injunction ( Sura 9:29 ) that non-Muslims should be humbled. With the arrival of the Banu Hilal to Kairouan in the 12th century, the Jewish community in the area began to face discrimination and intolerance from their new rulers. While Jews and Christians benefited from increased rights under
192-583: The Almohad Caliphate settled in Ifriqiya , allowing the new rulers to say there was no longer a reason to keep those privileges for dhimmis . Among the numerous obligations that Jews suffered was the obligation of wearing a Shikla, on the order of Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur in 1198, to be able to distinguish them from Muslim citizens and forbid them from certain places, occupations and events. Even Jews who converted to Islam were forced to wear
216-718: The Fatimids , the same rights were not provided under the Banu Hilal. The new rulers argued that while the hadith in which the prophet Muhammad allowed freedom of religion for People of the Book ( ahl al-kitâb); the rule was only in place for a period of 500 years after the Hijrah , which coincided with the year 1107, the date when the Jews of Medina told Muhammad that the Messiah would arrive. The date had long since passed when
240-536: The Jewish diaspora , a Jewish quarter (also known as jewry , juiverie , Judengasse , Jewynstreet , Jewtown , Juderia or proto- ghetto ) is the area of a city traditionally inhabited by Jews . Jewish quarters, like the Jewish ghettos in Europe , were often the outgrowths of segregated ghettos instituted by the surrounding Christian or Muslim authorities. A Yiddish term for a Jewish quarter or neighborhood
264-404: The zunnar a patch ( ruq'a ) of white cloth on the shoulder of their outer garments, again with the patch for Jews being a monkey and for Christians a pig. According to Muhammad al-Uqbani, those who disobeyed were to be punished with twenty lashes of the whip before being thrown into prison whereas those who disobeyed a second time were to be beaten brutally and thrown into prison indefinitely. It
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#1732765027779288-445: The Jewish point of view, concentration of Jews within a limited area offered a level of protection from outside influences or mob violence. In many cases, residents had their own justice system. When political authorities designated an area where Jews were required by law to live, such areas were commonly referred to as ghettos , and were usually coupled with many other disabilities and indignities. The areas chosen usually consisted of
312-581: The Soviet Union alone." In the Americas, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa there are a number of neighborhoods or small towns, generally in large cities or outlying communities of such, which are home to large concentrations of Jewish residents, much in the manner of old-world Jewish quarters or other ethnic enclaves , though without exclusive Jewish population. Shikla A shikla or shakila ( Arabic : شكيلة), also known under
336-414: The decision: Prescribing specific attire for the people of the "dhimma" has nothing to do with the foundations of religion. The Prophet never changed the dress of the Jews of Medina. La prescription d'une tenue spécifique pour les gens de la dhimma n'a rien à voir avec les fondements de la religion. Le prophète n'a jamais changé la tenue des Juifs de Médine. The requirements for the shikla varied with
360-483: The different dynasties that ruled over Tunisia. The main goal was simply to distinguish and humiliate Jews in public spaces. Under the reign of the Almohad Caliphate, it was principally a turban dyed yellow at the end. Jewish converts to Islam were forced to wear a long dark blue tunic with sleeves so large they reached one's feet, and a skullcap in place of a turban. During the mid-fifteenth century
384-522: The distinctive headpiece as al-Mansur doubted the sincerity of their conversion. Following the Almohad example, the Hafsid caliph al-Mustansir enforced the laws of the ghiyār (differentiation of non-Muslims) and Jews wore again the shikla, though it is not entirely clear how it looked at the time; it may be that the shikla was both a special patch and an overall attire unique to Jews. Muhammad al-Uqbani,
408-431: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Quarter&oldid=1253935773 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing Spanish-language text Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Jewish quarter (diaspora) In
432-693: The most undesirable areas of a city. In the English city of Norwich , the Jewish quarter was close to the castle, as a source of protection in times of local pogroms . This pattern was seen in other English towns, where Jews were under the protection of the Normans. In the 19th century, Jewish ghettos were progressively abolished, and their walls taken down, though some areas of Jewish concentration continued and continue to exist. In some cities, Jewish quarters refer to areas which historically had concentrations of Jews. For example, many maps of Spanish towns mark
456-516: The name alama ( Arabic : علامة) is a piece of clothing that the Jews of Tunisia were forced to wear to distinguish themselves from Muslim residents. The shikla was primarily worn, with some interruptions, between the 9th and 19th century in Tunisia and at times also in the rest of the Magrheb. The word comes from the Jewish surname Bou Shikla, which signifies "one who wears a ring". From
480-424: The ninth century onwards, Islamic authorities begun to harden with respect to ghiyār , or the differentiating of non-Muslims from Muslims. As such, al-Mutawakkil ordered that dhimmis (Christians and Jews) wear additionally to the already existing zunnar a honey-coloured outer garment and batch-like patches on their servants' clothing. Thus begun the tradition to differentiate dhimmis by colour. This approach
504-641: The world's oldest and most historically significant Jewish communities. From the late medieval and early modern period onwards Jews, the only remaining dhimmi , were increasingly confined to ghettolike quarters, such as the mellah in Morocco, the hara in Algeria and Tunisia and the qa'a in Yemen. The mellah of Fez , founded in the fifteenth century, became the prototype of the Moroccan ghetto. Though it
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#1732765027779528-487: Was also followed in the Maghreb where the semi-independent Aghlabids introduced similar rules around the same time. Ibrahim ibn Ahmad is reported to have ordered in the summer of 888 Christians to wear a patch depicting a pig and Jews one depicting a monkey, symbols they were also supposed to put on the walls of their houses. Ahmad ibn Talib, the Maliki qadi of Kairouan , issued an order for dhimmis to wear additionally to
552-402: Was probably founded in order to protect and not to punish the Jews, they resented the transfer and viewed it as bitter exile and manifestation of a painful segregation. Later foundation were founded with the explicit intent of ostracism rather than protection. As such, Jews often had to wear distinguishing clothes and were not allowed to wear shoes outside the mellah . In cities, a mellah
576-528: Was surrounded by a wall with a fortified gateway , often close to kasbah of the king or governor, whereas rural mellahs were separate villages inhabited solely by the Jews. Jewish quarters in Europe existed for a number of reasons. In some cases, Christian authorities wished to segregate Jews from the Christian population so that Christians would not be "contaminated" by them or so as to put psychological pressure on Jews to convert to Christianity. From
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