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39-481: The Jewish Telegraphic Agency ( JTA ) is an international news agency and wire service that primarily covers Judaism- and Jewish-related topics and news. Described as the " Associated Press of the Jewish media", JTA serves Jewish and non-Jewish newspapers and press around the world as a syndication partner. Founded in 1917, it is world Jewry 's oldest and most widely-read wire service. The Jewish Telegraphic Agency

78-472: A "Freedom Flotilla II" was planned for the third week of June 2011. The Financial Times reported on June 17, 2011, that the Mavi Marmara would not be sailing, as previously announced. The IHH said that after damage caused last year to the ship, that it was not in a position to put to sea. The group stressed that it would still be part of the new flotilla; members of the group will board other ships in

117-701: A cartel designating exclusive reporting zones for each of their agencies within Europe. For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers. In

156-715: A director of the Free Gaza Movement , called the claims "utterly scurrilous", characterizing them as an attempt by the Israeli government to discredit the movement. However, IHH Turkey has denied any links to the group in Germany and, as of 2016, continues to work on projects in Gaza. Turkish legal authorities are investigating allegations that one of the key figures behind the May 2010 Gaza flotilla, Fehmi Bülent Yıldırım ,

195-657: A few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city; they relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France—now known as Agence France-Presse (AFP)—and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany. In 1865, Reuter and Wolff signed agreements with Havas's sons, forming

234-612: A not-for-profit American media company. Other sites under the 70 Faces Media company include Kveller, Alma , and Nosher. In 1933, Nobel Prize winner Albert Einstein said in a speech at a dinner in his honor that the JTA was "very close to my heart", and that the JTA was keeping the public objectively informed about the lot of the Jews all countries: "in a graphic and objective manner, and in so doing it has performed an important service ..." In March 1942, in connection with its 25th anniversary

273-853: Is committed to covering news of interest to the Jewish community with journalistic detachment . As of 2014, JTA had a budget of $ 2 million. In 2015, the news service merged with Jewish education website MyJewishLearning to create 70 Faces Media , the largest Jewish media group in North America. MyJewishLearning was founded in 2003 and hosted more than 5,000 articles about Jewish life history, culture, and education. Landau, JTA's original publisher, later founded The Palestine Bulletin , an English-language broadsheet published in Mandatory Palestine in 1925. The Palestine Bulletin eventually became The Jerusalem Post . Journalist Daniel Schorr began his career as an assistant news editor for

312-633: Is the European Alliance of Press Agencies, while the OANA is an association of news agencies of the Asia-Pacific region. MINDS is a global network of leading news agencies collaborating in new media business. MV Mavi Marmara MV Mavi Marmara is a Comoros -flagged passenger ship, which was formerly owned and operated by İDO Istanbul Fast Ferries Co. Inc. on the line Sarayburnu , Istanbul- Marmara Island - Avşa Island in

351-786: The Agenzia Stefani , which became the most important press agency in Italy from the mid-19th century to World War II , in Turin in 1853. The development of the telegraph in the 1850s led to the creation of strong national agencies in England, Germany, Austria and the United States. But despite the efforts of governments, through telegraph laws such as in 1878 in France, inspired by the British Telegraph Act of 1869 which paved

390-505: The American Jewish Congress , was a staff member of the JTA in the early 1930s. Boris Smolar joined the JTA in 1924, and retired as its editor-in chief in 1967. In January 2020, Philissa Cramer, co-founder and editor-at-large of nonprofit news organization Chalkbeat was named JTA's editor-in-chief. Cramer replaced Andy Silow-Carroll, who took the same post at New York Jewish Week in mid-2019 after three years at

429-405: The Associated Press (AP), and Reuters have offices in most countries of the world, cover all areas of media, and provide the majority of international news printed by the world's newspapers. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: To achieve such wide acceptability,

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468-544: The Internet ). Corporations, individuals, analysts, and intelligence agencies may also subscribe. News sources, collectively, described as alternative media provide reporting which emphasizes a self-defined "non-corporate view" as a contrast to the points of view expressed in corporate media and government-generated news releases. Internet -based alternative news agencies form one component of these sources. There are several different associations of news agencies. EANA

507-490: The Israeli blockade over Gaza . On May 30, 2010, while in international waters and en route to Gaza, Israeli Naval Forces communicated that a naval blockade over the Gaza area was in force and ordered the ships to follow them to Ashdod Port or to be boarded. The ships declined and were boarded in international waters. The boarding started at 2 am on May 31, 2010, and was completed by 8 am. Reports from journalists on

546-957: The Sea of Marmara . Built at the Golden Gate Shipyard by Turkish Shipbuilding Co. in 1994, the ship has a capacity of 1,080 passengers. It is best known for its participation in the Gaza Freedom Flotilla and the deadly confrontation that took place on it during the Gaza flotilla raid . The MV Mavi Marmara was purchased in 2010 by the IHH , a Turkish NGO active as a charity organization in more than 115 countries. The group has represented its Turkish language name in English in various ways, "IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation" among them. It has held Special Consultative Status with

585-591: The United Nations Economic and Social Council since 2004, and is endorsed by international figures that include South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Mairead Corrigan Maguire. The German IHH is classified in Israel and Holland as a terrorist organization. Much of their money goes to the Union of Good , which is designated as a Specially Designated Terrorist Group by

624-658: The 1830s, France had several specialized agencies. Agence Havas was founded in 1835 by a Parisian translator and advertising agent, Charles-Louis Havas , to supply news about France to foreign customers. In the 1840s, Havas gradually incorporated other French agencies into his agency. Agence Havas evolved into Agence France-Presse (AFP). Two of his employees, Bernhard Wolff and Paul Julius Reuter , later set up rival news agencies, Wolffs Telegraphisches Bureau in 1849 in Berlin and Reuters in 1851 in London. Guglielmo Stefani founded

663-708: The Israeli soldiers to be legal. A Polish authority on admiralty law, Professor Andrzej Makowski of the Polish Naval Academy in Gdynia, also upheld this view in an extensive article in the Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs in May 2013. The Israeli government decided on July 23, 2010, to release the three ships of the Gaza Freedom flotilla, two of which had been moored at the Port of Haifa and

702-533: The JTA from 1934 to 1941. Haskell Cohen was the sports editor for the JTA for 17 years; he is best known for later as the NBA director of public relations creating the NBA All Star Game in 1951. Harold U. Ribalow was later the sports editor of the JTA. In the 1960s, novelist and lawyer Eleazar Lipsky was the JTA's president. Lillie Shultz , later a journalist and the chief administrative officer of

741-534: The JTA moved its global headquarters to New York City. By 1925, over 400 newspapers, both Jewish and non-Jewish, subscribed to the JTA. In November 1937, the Gestapo (the secret police of Nazi Germany) closed JTA's Berlin bureau, charging it with "endangering public safety and order." In 1940, the JTA spawned the Overseas News Agency (ONA). Although designed to appear like a normal news agency, it

780-438: The JTA received congratulatory messages from U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt ("I trust through long decades to come that this medium of information will serve the world with fidelity and courage by the widest possible dissemination of the truth"), and U.S. Secretary of War Henry Stimson , British Ambassador Lord Halifax , Director of the U.S. Office of War Department of Facts and Figures Archibald MacLeish , Director of

819-488: The JTA's coverage of the Mavi Marmara activist ship . JTA is officially apolitical and non-denominational in its coverage of Judaism and Jewish-related topics. JTA is considered the " Associated Press of Jewish media". JTA's main competitor is the more conservative Jewish News Syndicate , launched in 2011. JTA is still world Jewry 's oldest and most widely-read wire service. JTA is an affiliate of 70 Faces Media ,

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858-423: The U.S. Office of Government Reports Lowell Mellett , and Benjamin V. Cohen of the U.S. National Power Policy Committee. In 2021, JTA received ten Simon Rockower Awards , and 16 Rockower Awards in 2022, including eight first places. In 2023, the magazine won 20 Rockower Awards. News agency Although there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP),

897-801: The US Office of Foreign Assets Control and banned by Executive Order 13224. In 2010, the US State Department expressed great concern over the group's links with senior Hamas officials. Israel's Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center , an NGO with close ties to the Israeli Defense Forces, along with multiple Israeli governmental officials have alleged that the IHH supports terrorism, has smuggled arms on behalf of terrorist groups, and has links to al-Qaeda and other Jihadist groups. The IHH denies these claims, and Greta Berlin,

936-628: The agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises – or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. Newspaper syndicates generally sell their material to one client in each territory only, while news agencies distribute news articles to all interested parties. Only

975-632: The creation of newspaper cooperatives in the Commonwealth and national agencies in Asia, two of its strong areas. After the Second World War, the movement for the creation of national agencies accelerated, when accessing the independence of former colonies, the national agencies were operated by the state. Reuters, became cooperative, managed a breakthrough in finance, and helped to reduce the number of U.S. agencies from three to one, along with

1014-455: The glass of the pilothouse were visible in pictures released. The IHH emblem on the ship's port side was painted over in white. According to Turkish news, forensic teams identified some 250 bullet holes in the ship, many of which they claim were painted or plastered over by Israel. The ship returned to Istanbul harbour on December 26, 2010, in a welcoming ceremony attended by thousands. A coalition of 22 NGOs announced on May 9, 2011, that

1053-444: The helm. The JTA is a not-for-profit corporation governed by an independent board of directors. It claims no allegiance to any specific branch of Judaism or political viewpoint. "We respect the many Jewish and Israel advocacy organizations out there, but JTA has a different mission—to provide readers and clients with balanced and dependable reporting", wrote JTA editor-in-chief and CEO and publisher Ami Eden. He gave as an example of

1092-522: The huge U.S. domestic market, boosted by the runaway success of radio, all three major agencies required the dismantling of the "cartel agencies" through the Agreement of 26 August 1927. They were concerned about the success of U.S. agencies from other European countries which sought to create national agencies after the First World War. Reuters had been weakened by war censorship, which promoted

1131-539: The internationalization of the Spanish EFE and the globalization of Agence France-Presse. In 1924, Benito Mussolini placed Agenzia Stefani under the direction of Manlio Morgagni , who expanded the agency's reach significantly both within Italy and abroad. Agenzia Stefani was dissolved in 1945, and its technical structure and organization were transferred to the new Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata (ANSA). Wolffs

1170-415: The major agencies were provided with new opportunities in television and magazine, and news agencies delivered specialized production of images and photos, the demand for which is constantly increasing. In France, for example, they account for over two-thirds of national market. By the 1980s, the four main news agencies, AFP, AP, UPI and Reuters, provided over 90% of foreign news printed by newspapers around

1209-661: The ship and from the UN report on the incident concluded that the Israeli military opened fire with live rounds before boarding the ship. Passengers on the ship actively attempted to thwart a landing on the ship by Israeli commandos. In the violent clash that followed, nine activists were killed (according to the UN Report), and a tenth died four years later of his wounds. Several dozen activists were claimed to be injured, some seriously. Israel claimed 10 of its soldiers were injured, one seriously. The U.N. report stated that knives from

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1248-528: The ship's kitchens (plus one traditional, ceremonial knife), some catapults (slingshots) and metal pipes the passengers cut from the ship's railings were found. Turkey unveiled its final report on the Israeli attack on the Gaza-bound aid convoy on February 11, 2011. The Israeli government-appointed Turkel Commission unveiled its final report in January 2011, and found both the blockade and the force used by

1287-518: The third at the Port of Ashdod since their interception. Three Turkish tugboats were dispatched to bring the ships back to Turkey. The Mavi Marmara was towed by the Ocean Ergun in a two-day ride to the Port of Iskenderun , arriving an August 7, 2010. Nobody was permitted to board the Mavi Marmara due to investigations underway by the public prosecutor, but broken windows and bullet holes on

1326-668: The way for the nationalisation of telegraph companies and their operations, the cost of telegraphy remained high. In the United States, the judgment in Inter Ocean Publishing v. Associated Press facilitated competition by requiring agencies to accept all newspapers wishing to join. As a result of the increasing newspapers, the Associated Press was now challenged by the creation of United Press Associations in 1907 and International News Service by newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst in 1909. Driven by

1365-1181: The world. News agencies can be corporations that sell news (e.g., PA Media , Thomson Reuters , dpa and United Press International ). Other agencies work cooperatively with large media companies, generating their news centrally and sharing local news stories the major news agencies may choose to pick up and redistribute (e.g., Associated Press (AP), Agence France-Presse (AFP) or the Indian news agency PTI ). Governments may also control news agencies: China ( Xinhua ), Russia ( TASS ), and several other countries have government-funded news agencies which also use information from other agencies as well. Commercial newswire services charge businesses to distribute their news (e.g., Business Wire , GlobeNewswire , PR Newswire , PR Web , and Cision ). The major news agencies generally prepare hard news stories and feature articles that can be used by other news organizations with little or no modification, and then sell them to other news organizations. They provide these articles in bulk electronically through wire services (originally they used telegraphy ; today they frequently use

1404-613: Was founded in The Hague , Netherlands, as the first Jewish news agency and wire service , then known as the Jewish Correspondence Bureau on February 6, 1917, by 25-year old Jacob Landau . Its mandate was to collect and disseminate news affecting the Jewish communities around the world, especially from the European World War I fronts. In 1919, it moved to London, under its current name. In 1922,

1443-746: Was in fact secretly funded by the British intelligence service MI6 . ONA provided press credentials to British spies, and planted fake news stories in US newspapers. Meyer Levin was a war correspondent in Europe during World War II, representing the Overseas News Agency and the JTA. Its cable service improved the quality and range of Jewish periodicals. Today, it has correspondents in Washington, DC , Jerusalem , Moscow, and 30 other cities in North and South America, Israel, Europe, Africa, and Australia. The JTA

1482-462: Was involved in transferring funds to al-Qaida, the Turkish daily Habertürk reported on June 15, 2012. The IHH acquired the Mavi Marmara at a cost of $ 800,000, to be defrayed by public donations, as no shipowner was willing to risk their vessel on the journey. The ship took part in a flotilla of ships operated by activist groups from 37 different countries with the intention of directly confronting

1521-510: Was taken over by the Nazi regime in 1934. The German Press Agency (dpa) in Germany was founded as a co-operative in Goslar on 18 August 1949 and became a limited liability company in 1951. Fritz Sänger was the first editor-in-chief . He served as managing director until 1955 and as managing editor until 1959. The first transmission occurred at 6 a.m. on 1 September 1949. Since the 1960s,

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