Former parties
49-542: Awami Tahreek or Qaumi Awami Tehreek , formerly Sindhi Awami Tahreek (English: Sindhi People's Movement ), is a Marxist–Leninist–Maoist political party based in the Pakistani province of Sindh , and headquartered in Hyderabad . Awami Tahreek was formed on 5 March 1970, by the leading writers, activists, and intellectuals in Hyderabad, Sindh . At the first party meeting, the leading theoretician Rasool Bux Palijo
98-459: A communist party was to be limited to active cadres in Lenin's theory, there was a need for networks of separate organizations to mobilize mass support for the party. Typically, communist parties built up various front organizations whose membership was often open to non-communists. In many countries, the single most important front organization of the communist parties was its youth wing . During
147-690: A few cases where the original sections of the Communist International have retained those names. But throughout the twentieth century, many parties changed their names. For example, following their ascension to power, the Bolshevik Party changed their name to the All-Russian Communist Party. Causes for these shifts in naming were either moves to avoid state repression or as measures to generate greater acceptance by local populations. An important example of
196-504: A large population or majority of peasantry and involving encircling the cities from base areas of communist control in the countryside. The issue of applying people's war to fully industrialized first world nations is the subject of much debate. Many Marxist–Leninist–Maoist organizations such as the Revolutionary Internationalist Movement have put forward that much of a hypothetical people's war in
245-471: A national communist party with a revolutionary background, is a follower of Marxism–Leninism–Maoism. However, the party has also developed its own guiding thought known as Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path which was developed taking Nepal's political, sociological and geographical constraints into consideration. The Communist Party of Nepal is another Marxist–Leninist–Maoist party in Nepal. It claims that
294-588: A policy was agreed upon, realizing political goals required every Bolshevik's total commitment to the agreed-upon policy. In contrast, the Menshevik faction, which initially included Leon Trotsky , emphasized that the party should not neglect the importance of mass populations in realizing a communist revolution . In the course of the revolution, the Bolshevik party which became the Communist Party of
343-404: A provincial to a national level. In 2013, Awami Tehreek was later renamed as Qaumi Awami Tehreek (QAT) and Rasul Bux Palijo 's son Ayaz Latif Palijo became its central leader but in 2016, due to some internal rifts between Rasul Bux Palijo and Ayaz Latif Palijo , Rasul Bux Palijo announced to revive Awami Tehreek again as a separate faction distancing from his son led QAT. Awami Tahreek
392-434: A top-down hierarchical structure, ideological rigidity , and strict party discipline . In contrast, other studies have emphasized the differences among communist parties. Multi-party studies, such as those by Robert C. Tucker and A. James McAdams, have emphasized the differences in both these parties' organizational structure and their use of Marxist and Leninist ideas to justify their policies. Another important question
441-566: A unified, coherent higher stage of Marxism and that it was not synthesized until the 1980s through the experience of the people's war waged by the Shining Path in Peru. This led the Shining Path to posit Marxism–Leninism–Maoism as the newest development of Marxism. Marxism–Leninism–Maoism has grown and developed significantly, serving as an animating force of revolutionary movements in countries such as Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, India, Nepal and
490-475: Is a Marxist–Leninist–Maoist political party which aims to overthrow the government of India . It was founded on 21 September 2004 through the merger of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War and the Maoist Communist Centre of India . The merger was announced to the public on 14 October the same year. In the merger, a provisional central committee was constituted, with
539-420: Is a political party devoted to non-violence in its democratic struggle to attain freedom of the people through the scientific and revolutionary tenets of Marxism–Leninism–Maoism . It is committed to people's democracy , economic and social justice, and establishment of a welfare state in a country where people can have equity, political freedom, economic opportunity, and genuine provincial autonomy. Its platform
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#1732794246644588-429: Is no longer the primary contradiction of the nation, or when the bourgeois-democratic revolution is at a sufficiently advanced stage) for an outright dictatorship of the proletariat. Building on the theory of the vanguard party by Vladimir Lenin , the theory of the mass line outlines a strategy for the revolutionary leadership of the masses, consolidation of the dictatorship of the proletariat and strengthening of
637-418: Is strategy for revolution which holds the following tenets: In a joint document released in 1998, several Marxist–Leninist–Maoist communist parties affirmed the difference between the specific strategic line of protracted people's war and the more general and universally applicable people's war. Protracted people's war is identified as being a specific application of the concept of people's war to countries with
686-511: Is that a comprehensive overhauling of society is required in order to deliver the benefits of a welfare state to the masses. Awami Tahreek stands for equal rights for all citizens without distinction of sex, class, color, language, faith, or creed. Awami Tahreek is strict in opposing capitalism, imperialism, army rule, dictatorships, terrorism, corruption, racism, gender discrimination, and religious bigotry. Awami Tahreek promises to replace feudalism with principles of socialism to protect and advance
735-467: The First World would take place in urban areas. The three most notable differences between Marxism–Leninism–Maoism and Mao Zedong Thought are the following: Perhaps the most notable international was the Revolutionary Internationalist Movement (RIM). RIM was founded in 1984 and included such organizations as the Shining Path and the then-Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), eventually known as
784-767: The Second Great Rectification Movement . It maintains nearly 100 active guerrilla fronts throughout the Philippines today and is considered by the military as the main threat to national security. The Revolutionary Communist Party, USA (RCP) was previously a Marxist–Leninist–Maoist political party in the United States. The RCP participated in the founding conference of the Revolutionary Internationalist Movement on 12 March 1984. The RCP signed
833-704: The Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) . Today, the RIM appears to be defunct or near defunct. The magazine associated with the RIM, A World to Win , has not published an issue since 2006, though A World to Win News Service still publishes regularly on the Internet. In addition, many of the one-time RIM organizations have become increasingly critical of each other and this has resulted in many public splits. The Communist Party of India (Maoist)
882-539: The "Declaration of the Revolutionary Internationalist Movement" and supported the RIM's declaration "Long Live Marxism–Leninism–Maoism!" on 26 December 1993 which recognized "Marxism–Leninism–Maoism as the new, third and higher stage of Marxism". However, today the RCP uses the "New Synthesis of Communism" to describe its ideology, although they still call themselves Maoists. Because of this, the RCP has been accused of revisionism by several Marxist–Leninist–Maoist groups such as
931-543: The 107 parties with significant memberships, there were approximately 82 million communist party members worldwide. Given its worldwide representation, the communist party may be counted as the principal challenger to the influence of liberal-democratic , catch-all parties in the twentieth century. Following the collapse of the Eastern Bloc between 1989–1992, most of these parties either disappeared or were renamed and adopted different goals than their predecessors. In
980-692: The 21st century, only five ruling parties on the national level still described themselves as Marxist–Leninist parties: the Chinese Communist Party , the Communist Party of Cuba , the Communist Party of Vietnam , the Workers' Party of Korea and the Lao People's Revolutionary Party . As of 2023, the Chinese Communist Party was the world's second largest political party , having over 99 million members. Although
1029-636: The Communist Party of Chile (Red Fraction), the Communist Party of Ecuador–Red Sun , the Red Fraction of the Communist Party of Colombia and the Committee to Reconstitute the Communist Party of Mexico. The Shining Path is a guerrilla insurgent organization in Peru . It was founded in 1968 by Abimael Guzmán . The Shining Path suffered a setback after the capture of Guzmán and much of
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#17327942466441078-494: The Communist Party of India (Maoist) and the Revolutionary Communist Party of Canada. The Red Guards was a Marxist–Leninist–Maoist collective of community organizers and mass workers founded in 2015. Communist parties Former parties Former parties A communist party is a political party that seeks to realize the socio-economic goals of communism . The term " communist party"
1127-626: The Philippines. It has also led to efforts being undertaken towards the constitution or reconstitution of communist parties in countries such as Austria, France, Germany, Sweden and the United States. There are several non-party Maoist organizations in many countries, such as Tjen Folket in Norway and the Red Guards in the United States . The International Communist League is a modern coalition of multinational organizations subscribing to MLM ideology. The theory of New Democracy holds that
1176-756: The Soviet Union (CPSU) assumed government power in Russia after the October Revolution in 1917. With the creation of the Communist International (Comintern) in 1919, the concept of communist party leadership was adopted by many revolutionary parties, worldwide. In an effort to standardize the international communist movement ideologically and maintain central control of the member parties, the Comintern required that its members use
1225-520: The UCPN(M) is a revisionist organization and is continuing the people's war against the UCPN(M) government. In the Philippines , the Communist Party of the Philippines and its New People's Army has been raging since 1968. Its strength peaked during the dictatorial rule of Ferdinand Marcos and was the main bulk to overthrow the dictatorship due to its killings. However, it only resurfaced during
1274-465: The Union of India was in blatant contradiction of relevant international law as the then king of Manipur no longer had the authority to sign the agreement following the establishment of a democratically elected government. According to the group's chairman Ibungo Ngangom, "the then king signed the merger instrument only under duress, or more precisely, at gunpoint and so the so-called Manipur merger agreement
1323-676: The aegis of a new organization, the Cominform . Historically, in countries where communist parties were struggling to attain state power, the formation of wartime alliances with non-communist parties and wartime groups was enacted (such as the National Liberation Front of Albania ). Upon attaining state power these Fronts were often transformed into nominal (and usually electoral) "National" or "Fatherland" Fronts in which non-communist parties and organizations were given token representation (a practice known as Blockpartei ),
1372-556: The appearance of charismatic revolutionary leaders and their ultimate demise during the decline and fall of communist parties worldwide have all been the subject of investigation. A uniform naming scheme for communist parties was adopted by the Communist International. All parties were required to use the name 'Communist Party of ( name of the country )', resulting in separate communist parties in some countries operating using (largely) homonymous party names (e.g. in India ). Today, there are
1421-682: The dissolution of the Communist International. After the Second World War new international coordination bodies were created, such as the World Federation of Democratic Youth , International Union of Students , World Federation of Trade Unions , Women's International Democratic Federation and the World Peace Council . The Soviet Union unified many of the Comintern's original goals in the Eastern Bloc under
1470-483: The division. Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism%E2%80%93Maoism Marxism–Leninism–Maoism ( MLM ), also known as Marxism–Leninism–Mao Zedong Thought , is a political philosophy that synthesizes and builds upon Marxism–Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought (also known as Maoism). Marxism–Leninism–Maoism was first formalized by the Shining Path in 1982. The synthesis of Marxism–Leninism–Maoism did not occur during
1519-516: The erstwhile people's war leader Muppala Lakshmana Rao (alias Ganapathi) as the general secretary. It is currently proscribed as a terrorist organization by the Indian government. The Kangleipak Communist Party has claimed that Manipur was annexed by the Union of India under the guise of Manipur Merger Agreement of 1949. According to this Marxist–Leninist–Maoist group, the merger of Manipur with
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1568-437: The historical importance of communist parties is widely accepted, their activities and functions have been interpreted in different ways. One approach, sometimes known as the totalitarian school of communist studies, has implicitly treated all communist parties as the same types of organizations. Scholars such as Zbigniew Brzezinski and Francois Furet have relied upon conceptions of the party emphasizing centralized control,
1617-431: The interests of peasantry. Awami Tahreek continues to champion the cause of the unity of Pakistan in general and Sindh in particular, the caste system, communities, minorities , and ethnic groups. Since the foundation of the party, it has come forward as a builder of Muslim - Hindu - Christian unity. Awami Tahreek opposed the division of Sindh, holding a "Mohabbat Sindh Rally" (love and sanctity of Sindh Dharti) against
1666-683: The international communist movement was fragmented due to the Sino-Soviet split in the 1960s. Those who sided with China and Albania in their criticism of the Soviet leadership, often added words like 'Revolutionary' or ' Marxist–Leninist ' to distinguish themselves from the pro-Soviet parties. In 1985, approximately 38 percent of the world's population lived under "communist" governments (1.67 billion out of 4.4 billion). The CPSU's International Department officially recognized 95 ruling and nonruling communist parties. Overall, if one includes
1715-499: The latter was the renaming of many East European communist parties after the Second World War, sometimes as a result of mergers with the local social democratic and democratic socialist parties. New names in the post-war era included " Socialist Party ", " Socialist Unity Party ", " People's (or Popular) Party ", " Workers' Party " and " Party of Labour ". The naming conventions of communist parties became more diverse as
1764-423: The life of Mao Zedong . From the 1960s, groups that called themselves Maoist or which upheld Maoism were not unified around a common understanding of Maoism and had instead their own particular interpretations of the political, philosophical, economical and military works of Mao; these disorganized ideological trends comprised, and still comprise, Mao Zedong Thought. Adherents of Marxism–Leninism–Maoism claim it to be
1813-468: The long-term development of socialism, or in this case for the construction and consolidation of socialism in the first place. It holds that the national-bourgeois in the New Democratic stage must always be firmly under the command of the proletariat and they must be firmly dispensed with as soon as the national situation allows (in other words, when the contradiction between feudalism and the masses
1862-620: The most popular examples of these being the National Front of East Germany (as a historical example) and the North Korean Reunification Front (as a modern-day example). Other times the formation of such Fronts was undertaken without the participation of other parties, such as the Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia and the National Front of Afghanistan , though the purpose was
1911-498: The national-bourgeois in semi-feudal and semi-colonial countries has a dual character in that although it is an exploitative capitalist force, it can also but not always side with the proletariat against colonialism, imperialism and the comprador -bourgeoisie (whose existence is due to imperialism ). Much like the New Economic Policy in Russia, New Democracy is conceived of as a necessary (but temporary) stage for
1960-608: The party and for the building of socialism . The mass line can be summarized by the phrase "from the masses, to the masses". It has three components or stages: These three steps should be applied over and over again, reiteratively uplifting practice and knowledge to higher and higher stages. Marxist–Leninist–Maoists uphold Mao Zedong's philosophical works, particularly his work on dialectics in On Contradiction and on epistemology in On Practice . People's war
2009-880: The party leadership in 1992 as well as a takeover of the Main Regional Committee, the greater part of the People's Liberation Army and the liquidation of the main Base Areas. Nonetheless, the Shining Path continues to exist in the VRAEM area of Peru and continues to carry out military actions. The Shining Path split from the Peruvian Communist Party and the Militarized Communist Party of Peru split from The Shining Path. The Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist),
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2058-580: The political leadership of the party. After the fall of communist party regimes in the 1990s, mass organizations sometimes outlived their communist party founders. At the international level, the Communist International organized various international front organizations (linking national mass organizations with each other), such as the Young Communist International , Profintern , Krestintern , International Red Aid , Sportintern , etc. Many of these organizations were disbanded after
2107-603: The revolutionary vanguard, when the socialist movement in Imperial Russia was divided into ideologically opposed factions, the Bolshevik faction ("of the majority") and the Menshevik faction ("of the minority"). To be politically effective, Lenin proposed a small vanguard party managed with democratic centralism which allowed the centralized command of a disciplined cadre of professional revolutionaries . Once
2156-472: The same: to promote the communist party line to generally non-communist audiences and to mobilize them to carry out tasks within the country under the aegis of the Front. Recent scholarship has developed the comparative political study of global communist parties by examining similarities and differences across historical geographies. In particular, the rise of revolutionary parties, their spread internationally,
2205-465: The term "communist party" in their names. Under the leadership of the CPSU, the interpretations of orthodox Marxism were applied to Russia and led to the emergence of Leninist and Marxist–Leninist political parties throughout the world. After the death of Lenin, the Comintern's official interpretation of Leninism was the book Foundations of Leninism (1924) by Joseph Stalin . As the membership of
2254-466: The time of the Communist International , the youth leagues were explicit communist organizations, using the name ' Young Communist League '. Later the youth league concept was broadened in many countries, and names like 'Democratic Youth League' were adopted. Some trade unions and students', women's, peasants', and cultural organizations have been connected to communist parties. Traditionally, these mass organizations were often politically subordinated to
2303-603: Was elected as its first general secretary. It has gradually evolved into a national party and supported the anti-feudal elements against the PPP-P and PML-N in Sindh and Western Punjab; Awami Tahreek and PTI are the two main parties supporting anti-feudal-lordism and social democratic ideals in the country. Awami Tahreek has supported movements including: Recently, Awami Tahreek has started to create local/regional offices in other provinces, and has broadened its political philosophy from
2352-528: Was null and void from the very beginning". The group is currently at war with the government India and its express primary goal is not only to have Manipur secede from India, but also to bring about a communist state in Manipur through the scientific socialism of Karl Marx . Many significant Marxist–Leninist–Maoist groups exist across Latin America, including the Communist Party of Brazil (Red Fraction) ,
2401-410: Was popularized by the title of The Manifesto of the Communist Party (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels . As a vanguard party , the communist party guides the political education and development of the working class (proletariat). As a ruling party, the communist party exercises power through the dictatorship of the proletariat . Vladimir Lenin developed the idea of the communist party as
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