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27-513: Jeolla-do , including North and South Jeolla,was the first province/state out of the Eight Provinces system to have its 1000th year anniversary in 2018, as the name 'Jeolla-do' was established in 1018,during Hyeonjong of Goryeo's 9th year in power. The population of Jeolla-do is 4,973,834 as of January 2024. During the Samhan era of Korean history, the area of Jeolla was controlled by

54-406: Is detailed in the table below. The table below lists the eight provinces in romanized spelling, Hangul and Hanja ; the origin of their names; their capitals, dialects, and regional names; and the 13 provinces that replaced them in 1896. (The capitals and regional names are as of the mid 19th century. Since they were not official, other regional names were also used, but the ones in the table are

81-471: Is estimated to have cost at least 500 billion won to 600 billion won (US$ 500–600 million) to carry out this procedure. All Korean textbooks, maps and signs to do with cultural heritage were required to comply with the new system by 28 February 2002. Romanization of surnames and existing companies' names has been left untouched because of the reasons explained below. However, the Korean government recommends using

108-497: Is itself often used as a shorthand to denote Korea as a whole, or to describe the traditional folk culture of Korea's regions. Thus, one sometimes finds such expressions as: Cf. the four Provinces of Ireland —where reference to the ancient provinces is used to talk of the entire island of Ireland. Except Gyeonggi (see note 3 below), each province took its name from the initial Hanja ( Sino-Korean characters ) of two of its principal cities. The origin of each province's name

135-588: The Mahan confederacy and the Tamna kingdom on Jeju. Fifteen of the 45 Korean tribes had their bases in this region. When Baekje overtook Mahan by the 5th century, the Three Kingdoms era began and the region became part of southern Baekje. Jungbang was the center of the province during this period. When Silla conquered Baekje with the help of Tang China in 660, it became a territory of Later Silla during

162-588: The apostrophe was removed. In addition, the vowels ㅓ ( ŏ ) and ㅗ ( o ), as well as ㅡ ( ŭ ) and ㅜ ( u ), became indistinguishable when the breve was removed. Especially in early internet use, where omission of apostrophes and breves is common, this caused confusion. These are notable features of the Revised Romanization system: In addition, special provisions are for regular phonological rules in exceptions to transcription (see Korean phonology ). Other rules and recommendations include

189-488: The provinces that make up South Korea or North Korea . In 1413 (the 13th year of the reign of King Jeongjong ), the northeastern boundary of Korea was extended to the Tumen River . The country was reorganized into eight provinces: Chungcheong , Gangwon , Gyeonggi , Gyeongsang , Jeolla , P'unghae (renamed Hwanghae in 1417), P'yŏngan , and Yŏnggil (eventually renamed Hamgyŏng in 1509). For almost 500 years,

216-415: The 16th year of the reign of Munmu of Silla . Silla reorganized this territory into nine ju ( 주 ) and five gyeong ( 경 ), three of the ju belonging to the former Baekje. The northern territory of former Baekje, Ung ( Ungju ; 熊州), corresponds to modern-day South Chungcheong Province . The middle area consisted of Wansan (完山州) and Namwon , which correspond to modern-day North Jeolla. Wansan

243-516: The 8 do system with a 23 [[Provinces of Korea#Districts of Late Joseon| bu ]] district system and Jeolla was replaced by the districts of Jeonju ( Korean :  전주부 ; Hanja :  全州府 ; RR :  Jeonjubu ) in the northwest, Naju ( 나주부 ; 羅州府 ; Najubu ) in the southwest, Namwon ( 남원부 ; 南原府 ; Namwonbu ) in the east, and Jeju ( 제주부 ; 濟州府 ; Jejubu ) on Jeju-do . On August 4, 1896, Emperor Gojong issued Royal Order 36, repealing

270-404: The 9th year of the reign of Hyeonjong of Goryeo , the country was again reorganized into 5 do , and the provinces of Gangnam and Haeyang were merged to form the province of Jeollaju (全羅州道). The name derived from the names of the principal cities of Jeonju (全州) and Naju (羅州). (The difference between na- and -la is due to the ( initial sound rule of modern Korean). This was the first time

297-416: The ancient kingdoms of Silla and Baekje respectively, due to historic, social, economic, and political differences, some of which have continued into the present day in more muted form. Most of the traditional provinces also had alternative regional names which are still used today (especially Honam , Yeongdong , and Yeongnam ), at least in speech, if not on paper. The term Paldo ("Eight Provinces")

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324-419: The area currently known as Jeolla was united under one administrative division, and it would remain this way for nearly eight centuries. In 1413, during 13th year of the reign of Taejong of Joseon , the territories were once again reorganized into 8 do . This is the era of the historic Eight Provinces. Jeollaju-do was variously known as Gwangnam, Jeongwang, and Jeonnam, but the original name persisted, and

351-462: The district system and restoring the province system. Jeolla was divided north-south into North Jeolla Province and South Jeolla Province . Also divided were Chungcheong Province , Gyeongsang Province , Hamgyong Province and Pyongan Province , bringing the total to 13 provinces. North Jeolla Province consisted of the Jeonju and northern Namwon districts, while South Jeolla Province consisted of

378-423: The district was formed, and where more detailed information on the district is provided): The new system of districts did not last long, however, as one year later, on August 4, 1896, the former eight provinces were restored, with five of them (Chungcheong, Gyeongsang, Jeolla, Hamgyŏng, and P'yŏngan), being divided into north and south halves, to form a total of 13 provinces. This structure remained unchanged through

405-480: The eight-province system remained virtually unchanged. In 1895 (the 32nd year of the reign of King Gojong ), the five-century-old provincial system was abolished. On May 26 of that year—as part of the Gabo Reform —the country was redivided into 23 districts, each named for the city or county that was its capital. (Each district name in the following list links to the article on the province from which

432-732: The entire lifetime of the Korean Empire (1897–1910) and the Japanese Colonial Period (1910–1945). Since the end of World War II and the division of Korea in 1945, special cities and administrative regions and a handful of new provinces have been added in both the South and North . The boundaries between the eight provinces for the most part followed rivers, mountain chains, and other natural boundaries, and consequently corresponded closely to dialect and cultural divisions. Because of this natural fit between

459-480: The following: ㄱ , ㄷ , ㅂ and ㄹ are transcribed as g , d , b and r when placed at the beginning of a word or coming before a vowel, and as k , t , p and l when followed by another consonant or when appearing at the end of a word. Almost all road signs, names of railway and subway stations on line maps and signs, etc. have been changed according to Revised Romanization of Korean ( RR , also called South Korean or Ministry of Culture (MC) 2000 ). It

486-595: The most widely used or representative.) Revised Romanization of Korean Revised Romanization of Korean ( 국어의 로마자 표기법 ; Gugeoui romaja pyogibeop ; lit.  "Roman-letter notation of the national language") is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea. It was developed by the National Academy of the Korean Language from 1995 and was released to

513-488: The provincial boundaries and the "real world," most of the provincial boundaries and names have survived in one form or another down to today, and most Koreans are keenly aware of the regional and dialect distinctions that still exist. For example, a regional rivalry (akin to that between the Northeast United States and Southern United States ) exists between Gyeongsang and Jeolla residents, sites of

540-734: The public on 7 July 2000 by South Korea's Ministry of Culture and Tourism in Proclamation No. 2000-8. The new system addressed problems in the implementation of the McCune–Reischauer system, such as the phenomena where different consonants and vowels became indistinguishable in the absence of special symbols. To be specific, under the McCune–Reischauer system, the consonants ㄱ ( k ), ㄷ ( t ), ㅂ ( p ) and ㅈ ( ch ) and ㅋ ( k ' ), ㅌ ( t ' ), ㅍ ( p ' ) and ㅊ ( ch ' ) became indistinguishable when

567-532: The revised romanization of Korean for the new names. Like several European languages that have undergone spelling reforms (such as Portuguese , German , Polish or Swedish ), the Revised Romanization is not expected to be adopted as the official romanization of Korean family names (example I , Bak , Gim , Choe instead of Lee , Park , Kim , Choi which are used commonly). However, South Korea's Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism recommends those who "newly" register their romanized names to follow

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594-490: The southern Namwon districts, Naju district, and Jeju island. Jeonju was retained as the capital of North Jeolla, with Gwangju being made the capital of South Jeolla. The capital of South Jeolla was later moved to Namak in 2005, and Gwangju was designated a Special City . Jeolla Province was bounded on the north by Chungcheong Province, on the east by Gyeongsang Province, on the south by the East China Sea , and on

621-644: The west by the Yellow Sea . The region is bordered on the east by the Sobaek Mountains and is drained by the Yeongsan , Seomjin and Mangyeong rivers. The largest city in the region is Gwangju. Apart from Jeonju and Naju, other cities of note include Iksan (formerly Iri), Gunsan , Mokpo , Namwon, Suncheon , and Yeosu . Eight Provinces of Korea During most of the Joseon dynasty , Korea

648-554: Was divided into eight provinces ( do ; 도 ; 道 ). The eight provinces ' boundaries remained unchanged for about 480 years from 1413 to 1895, and formed a geographic paradigm that is still reflected today in the Korean Peninsula 's administrative divisions, dialects, and regional distinctions. The names of all eight provinces are still preserved today, in one form or another. These eight historical provinces form both North and South Korea, and are not to be confused with

675-619: Was eventually shortened to simply Jeolla-do (全羅道). The Donghak Peasant Revolution of 1894–1895 began in Jeolla-do, which was a peasant revolt fueled by the fervor of the believed coming of a local messiah and protests over Seoul's high taxes on rice and the increasing number of Japanese traders in Joseon. There was anti-Japanese sentiment due to the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598) . On May 26, 1895, Gojong of Korea replaced

702-423: Was later renamed Jeonju. The southern area consisted of Mujin ( Mujin-ju ), which was renamed Mu (武州) in 757, the 16th year of the reign of Gyeongdeok of Silla . Mu consisted of one gun and 43 hyeon , and corresponds to modern-day South Jeolla. In 983, during the second year of the reign of Seongjong of Goryeo , the country was reorganized into 12 mok . Jeonju became Jeonju-mok (全州牧), while Muju

729-423: Was split into the two mok of Naju and Seungju. In 995, King Seongjong again reorganized the country, this time into 10 do (Korean:  도 ; Hanja:  道 ; lit.  province). Jeonju-mok was renamed Gangnam-do ( lit.   ' province south of the river ' ) while Naju and Seungju were reunited and renamed Haeyang-do ( lit.   ' ocean province ' ). In 1018, during

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