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61-513: Calatrava first visited Israel for the opening of an exhibition of his works in Haifa in 1997. During that visit, he was invited to design a pedestrian bridge in Petah Tikva , which was opened in 2005. He was invited to Jerusalem by city engineer Uri Shetrit and former mayor Ehud Olmert , who, according to Calatrava, challenged him to "do the most beautiful contemporary bridge". Construction of

122-752: A feast day on October 17 (for those churches which follow the Julian Calendar , October 17 currently falls on October 30 of the modern Gregorian Calendar ). He is also commemorated on the Sunday of the Holy Fathers (the Sunday before the Nativity of the Lord ). Several haftarot are taken from Hosea, including those for Vayetze , Vayishlach , Bamidbar , Naso , Shabbat Shuvah , and (Sephardic only) Tisha B'Av . Jewish tradition holds that

183-588: A Jewish workers organisation in Petah Tikva. During the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I , Petah Tikva served as a refugee town for residents of Tel Aviv and Jaffa , following their exile by the Ottoman authorities. The town suffered heavily as it lay between the Ottoman and British fronts during the war. In the early 1920s, industry began to develop in the Petah Tikva region. In 1921, Petah Tikva

244-546: A Modern Orthodox Hesder Yeshiva affiliated with the Religious Zionist movement, directed by Rabbi Yuval Cherlow , is also located in Petah Tikva. Additionally, Rav Michael Laitman, PhD in Philosophy and Kabbalah (see Bnei Baruch ), daily leads 200-300 students and hundreds of thousands virtually (some estimates of up to 2 million) in the method of Kabbalah learned from his teacher Rav Baruch Ashlag , known as

305-569: A blossoming orange tree. The price was 14 paras (a Turkish coin) and displayed the name 'Petah Tikva' in Hebrew letters. David Ben Gurion lived in Petah Tikva for a few months on his arrival in Palestine in 1906. It had a population of around 1000, half of them farmers. He found occasional work in the orange groves. But, he soon caught malaria and his doctor recommended he return to Europe. The following year, after moving to Jaffa , he set up

366-528: A log, subduing him. After the creation of the State of Israel in 1948, several adjoining villages–Amishav and Ein Ganim to the east (named after the biblical village (Joshua 15:34)), Kiryat Matalon to the west, towards Bnei Brak , Kfar Ganim and Mahaneh Yehuda to the south and Kfar Avraham on the north–were merged into the municipal boundaries of Petah Tikva, boosting its population to 22,000. As of 2018, with

427-605: A permanent settlement in 1883 with the financial help of Baron Edmond de Rothschild . In 2022, the city had a population of 255,387, being so the fifth-largest city in Israel. Its population density is approximately 6,277 inhabitants per square kilometre (16,260/sq mi). Its jurisdiction covers 35,868 dunams (~35.9 km or 15 sq mi). Petah Tikva is part of the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area . Petah Tikva takes its name (meaning "Door of Hope") from

488-419: A population of over 240,000 inhabitants, Petah Tikva is the third most populous city in the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area ("Gush Dan"). Petah Tikva is divided into 33 neighborhoods for municipal purposes. Petah Tikva is the second-largest industrial sector in Israel after the northern city of Haifa . The industry is divided into three zones—Kiryat Aryeh (named after Arie Shenkar, founder and first president of

549-664: A position as a base for many communications firms. As such, the headquarters of the Bezeq International international phone company is located in the Kiryat Matalon industrial zone as are those of the 012 Smile Internet Service Provider . The headquarters of Tadiran Telecom are in the Ramat Siv industrial zone. Arutz Sheva , the right wing Religious Zionist Israeli media network, operates an internet radio studio in Petah Tikva, where Arutz Sheva internet TV

610-476: A public park. The structure is supported from a 29-metre (95 ft) high inclined steel pylon, which is situated where the three spans intersect. Light in construction, the bridge is built principally of steel with a glass-paved deck. The Red Line of the Greater Tel Aviv rapid transit / light rail system connects Petah Tikva to Bnei Brak , Ramat Gan , Tel Aviv and Bat Yam . The Red Line of

671-459: A suicide bomber blew himself up at a small cafe outside a shopping mall, leaving two dead, including a baby; on December 25, 2003, a suicide bomber blew himself up at a bus stop near the Geha bridge, killing 4 civilians, and on February 5, 2006, a Palestinian got into a shuttle taxi, pulled out a knife, and began stabbing passengers killing two of them, but a worker from a nearby factory hit him with

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732-412: A symbol of their aspirations. In 1878, the founders of Petah Tikva learned of the availability of land northeast of Jaffa near the village of Mulabes (or Umlabes). The land was owned by two Christian businessmen from Jaffa, Antoine Bishara Tayan and Selim Qassar, and was worked by some thirty tenant farmers. Tayan's property was the larger, some 8,500 dunams, but much of it was in the malarial swamp of

793-468: Is twinned with: Hosea In the Hebrew Bible , Hosea ( / h oʊ ˈ z iː ə / hoh- ZEE -ə or / h oʊ ˈ z eɪ ə / hoh- ZAY -ə ; Hebrew : הוֹשֵׁעַ , romanized :  Hōšēaʿ , lit.   'Salvation'), also known as Osee ( Ancient Greek : Ὡσηέ , romanized :  Hōsēé ), son of Beeri , was an 8th-century BC prophet in Israel and

854-470: Is a promise of restoration. The Talmud claims that he was the greatest prophet of his generation. The period of Hosea's ministry extended to some sixty years, and he was the only prophet of Israel of his time who left any written prophecy. Though its date is contested among scholars, the majority agree that the bulk of the book was probably composed around the times of Jeroboam II of Israel (c. 793–753 BC). The name Hosea seems to have been common, and

915-545: Is also served by Mayanei Hayeshua Medical Center , a Haredi hospital in nearby Bnei Brak. Petah Tikva's Independence Park includes a zoo at its northeastern edge, the Museum of Man and Nature, a memorial to the victims of the 1921 Arab riots, an archaeological display, Yad Labanim soldiers' memorial, a local history museum, a Holocaust museum and the Petah Tikva Museum of Art . The main stadium in Petah Tikva

976-567: Is derived from a related verb meaning 'salvation'. Numbers 13:16 states that Hosea was the original name of Joshua, son of Nun until Moses gave him the longer, theophoric name Yehoshua (Hebrew: יְהוֹשֻֽׁעַ , romanized:  Yēhōšūaʿ ) incorporating an abbreviated form of the Tetragrammaton . Rashi explains in Sotah 34b that Joshua is a compound name of יה ( Yah ) and הושע ( hōšēaʿ ), "God may save". Although it

1037-559: Is located as well as the printing press for its B'Sheva newspaper. The Israeli secret service, Shin Bet , has an interrogation facility in Petah Tikva. Petah Tikva is served by a large number of buses. A large number of intercity Egged buses stop there, and the city has a network of local buses operated by the Kavim company. The Dan bus company operates lines to Ramat Gan , Bnei Brak and Tel Aviv . Petah Tikva's largest bus terminal

1098-610: Is not expressly stated in the Book of Hosea , it is apparent from the level of detail and familiarity focused on north-east geography, that Hosea conducted his prophetic ministries in the northern Kingdom of Israel , of which he was a native. In Hosea 5:8 ff., there seems to be a reference to the Syro-Ephraimite War which led to the capture of the kingdom by the Assyrians (c. 734–732  BCE ). Hosea's long ministry, from

1159-637: Is now a team captain. In November–December 2006 and May 2007, a salvage excavation was conducted at Khirbat Mulabbis, east of Moshe Sneh Street in Petah Tikva on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority . Four main strata (I–IV) were identified, dating to the Byzantine period (fourth–seventh centuries CE; Stratum IV), Early Islamic period (eighth–tenth centuries CE; Stratum III), Crusader period (twelfth–thirteenth centuries CE; Stratum II) and Ottoman period (Stratum I). Petah Tikva

1220-618: Is referenced in the Tony Award -winning 2016 musical The Band's Visit as the main plot derives from a mix-up between the city and the fictional town of "Bet Hatikva" in the Negev Desert of southern Israel. Petah Tikva is known for being a part of a satirical conspiracy theory which claims that it does not exist, much like the German Bielefeld conspiracy . "Free Petah Tikvah" became a meme during 2023. Petah Tikva

1281-559: Is the 11,500-seat HaMoshava Stadium . Petah Tikva has two football teams – Hapoel Petah Tikva and Maccabi Petah Tikva . The local baseball team, the Petach Tikva Pioneers , played in the inaugural 2007 season of the Israel Baseball League . The league folded the following year. In 2014, Hapoel Petah Tikva's women's football team recruited five Arab-Israeli women to play on the team. One of them

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1342-581: Is the Petah Tikva Central Bus Station (Tahana Merkazit), while other major stations are located near Beilinson Hospital and Beit Rivka . Israel Railways maintains two suburban railroad stations in Segula and Kiryat Aryeh , in the northern part of the city. A central train station near the main bus station is envisioned as part of Israel Railways's long-term expansion plan. There are eight taxi fleets based in Petah Tikva, and

1403-479: The British Mandate authorities , Petah Tikva had a total population of 3,032: 3,008 Jews, 22 Muslims and 2 Orthodox Christians. By the time the 1931 census was taken, the population had increased to 6,880 inhabitants in 1,688 houses. In 1937, it was recognized as a city. Its first mayor, Shlomo Stampfer, was the son of one of its founders, Yehoshua Stampfer . Petah Tikva, a center of citrus farming,

1464-547: The Manufacturers Association of Israel and a pioneer in the Israeli textile industry), Kiryat Matalon (named after Moshe Yitzhak Matalon), and Segula, and includes textiles, metalwork, carpentry, plastics, processed foods, tires and other rubber products, and soap. Numerous high-tech companies and start-ups have moved into the industrial zones of Petah Tikva, which now house the Israeli headquarters for

1525-586: The Oracle Corporation , IBM , Intel , Alcatel-Lucent , ECI Telecom , and GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals. The largest data center in Israel, operated by the company TripleC, is also located in Petah Tikva. Furthermore, the Israeli Teva company, the world's largest generic drug manufacturer, is headquartered in Petah Tikva. One of Israel's leading food processing corporations, Osem opened in Petah Tikva in 1976 and has since been joined by

1586-631: The Tel Aviv Light Rail system is split into 2 branches upon entrance to Petah Tikva. One branch travels to an underground terminal at the Kiryat Aryeh railway station, while the other continues east to the Petach Tikva Central Bus Station. The Light Rail's train depot is also located at Kiryat Aryeh. It was opened to service on August 18, 2023. Petah Tikva's history of government goes back to 1880, when

1647-584: The Yarkon Valley . Qassar's property, approximately 3,500 dunams, lay a few kilometers to the south of the Yarkon, away from the swampland. It was Qassar's that was purchased on July 30, 1878. Tayan's holdings were purchased when a second group of settlers, known as the Yarkonim, arrived in Petah Tikva the following year. Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II allowed the purchase because of the poor quality of

1708-650: The Beit Rivka Geriatric Center, the Kupat Holim Medical Research Center and a private hospital, Ramat Marpeh, affiliated with Assuta Hospital. The Schneider Pediatric Center is one of the largest and most modern children's hospitals in the Middle East. In addition, there are many family health clinics in Petah Tikva as well as Kupat Holim clinics operated by Israel's health maintenance organizations . The city

1769-700: The Chords Bridge began in 2005, with an estimated cost of NIS 129 million, far higher than the initial forecast of NIS 80 million. The bridge was designed to add a defining visual element to the Jerusalem "skyline" at the entrance to the city, and to carry a light rail system, expected to solve some of the city's traffic problems. For Calatrava the bridge is "also the excuse to create a major plaza, to give character and unity to this delicate place". Similar to Calatrava's Puente del Alamillo in Seville , Spain,

1830-907: The RABASH. Petah Tikva has two cemeteries: Segula Cemetery, east of the city, and Yarkon Cemetery, to the northeast. Six hospitals are located in the city. The Rabin Medical Center Beilinson complex includes the Beilinson Medical Center, the Davidoff Oncologic Center, the Geha Psychiatric Hospital, the Schneider Pediatric Hospital and Tel Aviv University's Faculty of Medical Research. Other medical facilities in Petah Tikva are HaSharon Hospital,

1891-560: The abandonment of the settlements on both holdings by 1881 or 1882. Those who remained in the area moved south to Yehud . After Petah Tikva was reoccupied by Bilu immigrants in 1883, some of the original families returned. With funding for swamp drainage provided by Baron Edmond de Rothschild , the colony became more stable. In March 1886, Arab peasants from Yahudiya attacked the Jewish colony, injuring 5, with one dying later, possibly due to aggravation of her preexisting condition. This

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1952-591: The biblical allusion in Hosea 2:15: "... and make the valley of Achor a door of hope." The Achor Valley , near Jericho , was the original proposed location for the town. Tell Mulabbis, an archaeological mound in modern Petah Tikva, is an important archaeological site from the Yarkon River basin, with habitation remains from the Roman, Byzantine, Early Islamic, Crusader, Mamluk and Late Ottoman periods. The place

2013-419: The book. This marriage was arranged in order to serve to the prophet as a symbol of Israel's unfaithfulness to the Lord. His marriage will dramatize the breakdown in the relationship between God and His people Israel. Hosea's family life reflected the "adulterous" relationship which Israel had built with other gods. Similarly, his children's names represent God's estrangement from Israel. They are prophetic of

2074-470: The bridge has become a tourist attraction. The form of the bridge resembles a tent in the desert or a harp, with the cables as the strings, symbolising King David's harp , according to some observers, others interpret the looming pylon as the bust of a long-necked bird, a human arm or an arrow caught in a bow. The project had many people concerned, but was welcomed with great controversy. Supporters, such as architectural historian David Kroyanker , said that

2135-402: The bridge helps developing western Jerusalem and its modern requirements. Overall, however, the project has been criticized as an extravagant and costly solution to a problem that could have been solved by cheaper means. The final cost of over $ 70 million exceeding the original budget more than twofold. The aesthetics of the bridge and its impact on Jerusalem have also sparked controversy. Some say

2196-485: The bridge is a single 118-metre (129 yd) high mast supporting the roadway via 66 steel cables arranged in a parabolic shape which develops three-dimensionally in space, making it the tallest structure in Jerusalem at the time of its completion. The exterior of the bridge is mostly clad in Jerusalem stone , with steel, glass and concrete detailing. Dubbed "Jerusalem's first shrine of modern design" by Time magazine,

2257-414: The bridge makes use of an angled cantilever tower to absorb some of the load and reduce the number of cable stays needed. The bridge consists of a single pylon counterbalancing a 160-metre (170 yd) span with lengths of cables, making a dramatic architectural statement. While this is Calatrava's 40th bridge, it is the first he has designed to carry both train and pedestrian traffic. A striking feature of

2318-514: The bridge, situated at the city's crowded entrance, does not have enough space around it for people to appreciate its artistic merit, while others feel that the bridge is simply out of its element and question whether it fits visually in the city. The bridge's dedication ceremony, a $ 500,000 extravaganza, also drew criticism, particularly as young female dancers, subsequently dubbed the "Taliban troupe", were compelled to wear long skirts and cover their hair after ultra-Orthodox Jews threatened to disrupt

2379-595: The ceremony. Petah Tikva Petah Tikva ( Hebrew : פתח תקווה ‎ [ˈpetaχ ˈtikva] , lit.   ' Opening of Hope ' ), also known as Em HaMoshavot ( lit.   ' Mother of the Moshavot ' ), is a city in the Central District of Israel , 10.6 km (6.6 mi) east of Tel Aviv . It was founded in 1878, mainly by Haredi Jews of the Old Yishuv , and became

2440-691: The city is bordered by three of the major vehicle arteries in Israel: Geha Highway ( Highway 4 ) on the west, the Trans-Samaria Highway ( Highway 5 ) on the north, and the Trans-Israel Highway ( Highway 6 ) on the east. Santiago Calatrava 's bridge, a 50 metres (160 ft) long span Y-shaped cable-stayed pedestrian three-way bridge connecting Rabin Hospital to a shopping mall, a residential development and

2501-523: The company's administrative offices, distribution center and sauce factory. Strauss is also based in Petach Tikva. Over time, the extensive citrus groves that once ringed Petah Tikva have disappeared as real-estate developers acquired the land for construction projects. Many new neighborhoods are going up in and around Petah Tikva. A quarry for building stone is located east of Petah Tikva. As well as general hi-tech firms, Petah Tikva has developed

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2562-536: The cross. Other preachers, like Charles Spurgeon , saw Hosea as a striking presentation of the mercy of God in his sermon on Hosea 1:7: "But I will have mercy upon the house of Judah, and will save them by the Lord their God, and will not save them by bow, nor by sword, nor by battle, by horses, nor by horsemen." – Bible, Hosea 1:7 The Qur'an mentions only some prophets by name but makes it clear that many were sent who are not mentioned. Therefore, many Muslim scholars , such as Ibn Ishaq , speak of Hosea as one of

2623-409: The fall of the ruling dynasty and the severed covenant with God – much like the prophet Isaiah a generation later. The name of Hosea's daughter, Lo-ruhamah, which translates as 'not pitied', is chosen as a sign of displeasure with the people of Israel for following false gods. The name of Hosea's son, Lo-ammi, which translates as 'not my people', is chosen as a sign of the Lord's displeasure with

2684-604: The first house. It was the first modern Jewish agricultural settlement in Ottoman Southern Syria (hence its nickname as "Mother of the Moshavot "). Originally intending to establish a new settlement in the Achor Valley , near Jericho , the settlers purchased land in that area. However, Abdülhamid II cancelled the purchase and forbade them from settling there, but they retained the name Petah Tikva as

2745-522: The land. In a microhistorical anecdote of Petah Tikva, Yehuda Raab, one of the Hungarian settlers, recalls in his memoirs meeting a Baghdadi Jew , Daud abu Yusuf, who despite appearing as a Bedouin , announced “ana Israʾili,” I am Jewish , and recited the shema by way of proof. Yusuf, along with a Moroccan Jew from Jaffo , Yaʿqub bin Maymun Zirmati, was hired as a guard for colony; it

2806-458: The main one located in the city hall building. Some 70,000 Orthodox Jews live in Petah Tikva. The community of Petah Tikva is served by 300 synagogues, including the 120-year-old Great Synagogue , eight mikvaot (ritual baths) and two major Haredi yeshivot , Lomzhe Yeshiva and Or-Yisrael (founded by the Chazon Ish , Rabbi Avraham Yeshayahu Karelitz). Yeshivat Hesder Petah Tikva ,

2867-728: The nominal primary author of the Book of Hosea . He is the first of the Twelve Minor Prophets , whose collective writings were aggregated and organized into a single book in the Jewish Tanakh by the Second Temple period (forming the last book of the Nevi'im ) but which are distinguished as individual books in Christianity . Hosea is often seen as a "prophet of doom", but underneath his message of destruction

2928-524: The people of Israel for following those false gods. One of the early writing prophets, Hosea used his own experience as a symbolic representation of God and Israel. The relationship between Hosea and Gomer parallels the relationship between God and Israel. Even though Gomer runs away from Hosea and sleeps with another man, he loves her anyway and forgives her. Likewise, even though the people of Israel worshipped false gods, God continued to love them and did not abandon his covenant with them. The Book of Hosea

2989-401: The pioneers elected a council of seven members to run the new colony. From 1880 to 1921, members of the council were David Meir Guttman, Yehoshua Stampfer, Ze'ev Wolf Branda, Abraham Ze'ev Lipkis, Yitzhak Goldenhirsch, Chaim Cohen-Rice, Moshe Gissin, Shlomo Zalman Gissin and Akiva Librecht . This governing body was declared a local council in 1921, and Petah Tikva became a city in 1937. Kadima ,

3050-412: The political party founded by former Israeli prime minister Ariel Sharon , had its headquarters in Petah Tikva. Petah Tikva is home to 300 educational institutions from kindergarten through high school, catering to the secular, religious and Haredi populations. There are over 43,000 students enrolled in these schools, which are staffed by some 2,400 teachers. Petah Tikva has seventeen public libraries,

3111-460: The reign of Jeroboam II (787–747) to the reign of Hoshea (731–722), seems to have ended before the fall of Samaria in 722/721. Little is known about the life or social status of Hosea. According to the Book of Hosea, he married Gomer , the daughter of Diblaim , but she proved to be unfaithful. Hosea knew she would be unfaithful, as God says this to him immediately in the opening statements of

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3172-474: The south of Israel, operating from Petah Tikva as a base. After the 1948 Arab–Israeli War , Petah Tikva annexed all of the lands of the newly depopulated Palestinian village of Fajja . The city has suffered a series of terror attacks as a result of the ongoing regional conflict , including the bombing of a vegetable market in 1977 , and three attacks during the Second Intifada : On May 27, 2002,

3233-587: The tomb of Hosea is a structure located in the Jewish cemetery of Safed ; however, Emil G. Hirsch and Victor Ryssel, writing in The Jewish Encyclopedia , say that this tradition is "historically worthless". The character Hosea Matthews in the video game Red Dead Redemption 2 is named after the prophet. Norman Nicholson 's play A Match for the Devil , first performed in 1953, is based on

3294-661: The true Hebrew prophets of Israel . The Book of Hosea has also been used in Qur'anic exegesis by Abdullah Yusuf Ali , especially in reference to Qur'anic verses which speak of the backsliding of Israel . He is commemorated with the other Minor prophets in the Calendar of saints of the Armenian Apostolic Church on July 31. He is commemorated on the Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar , with

3355-521: Was a severe warning to the northern kingdom against the growing idolatry being practiced there; the book was a dramatic call to repentance. Christians extend the analogy of Hosea to Christ and the church: Christ the husband, his church the bride . Christians see in this book a comparable call to the church not to forsake the Lord Jesus Christ. Christians also take the buying back of Gomer as the redemptive qualities of Jesus Christ's sacrifice on

3416-576: Was called the first violent clash in the Yishuv by Moshe Smilansky . Upon learning that the Austrian post office in Jaffa wanted to open a branch in Petah Tikva, Yitzchak Goldenhirsch, an early resident, offered his assistance on condition that the Austrian consulate issued a Hebrew stamp and a special postmark for Petah Tikva. The stamp was designed by an unknown artist featuring a plow, green fields and

3477-403: Was considered by both the British government and the Jaffa Electric Company as a potentially important consumer of electricity for irrigation. The Auja Concession, which was granted to the Jaffa Electric Company on 1921, specifically referred to the relatively large Jewish settlement of Petah-Tikva. But, it was only in late 1929 that the company submitted an irrigation scheme for Petah-Tikva, and it

3538-411: Was customary for European Jewish colonies to hire local Arab guards or in some cases Yemenite Jews . Both were Ottoman imperial subjects and were important cultural and linguistic go-betweens, for example in the horse and camel trade, from the world of the Ashkenazi Jewish colonists and that of the Eastern or Maghribi Jews , today called Mizrahi Jews . A malaria epidemic broke out in 1880, forcing

3599-425: Was granted local council status by the British authorities. In May 1921, Petah Tikva was the target of an Arab attack, which left four of its Jewish inhabitants dead–an extension of the Jaffa riots of 1921 . In 1927, Petah Tikva concluded a local peace treaty with the Arabs living nearby; subsequently, Petah Tikva was untouched by the 1929 Palestine riots . According to the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by

3660-411: Was inhabited sporadically, and was known in Arabic as Mulabbis , and was the site of a Palestinian village of the same name, inhabited by the Abu Hamed al-Masri clan. Petah Tikva was founded in 1878 by Jewish settlers from Europe, among them Yehoshua Stampfer , Moshe Shmuel Raab, Yoel Moshe Salomon , Zerach Barnett , and David Gutmann, as well as Lithuanian Rabbi Aryeh Leib Frumkin who built

3721-515: Was yet to be approved by the government in 1930. In 1931, Ben Gurion wrote that Petah Tikva had 5000 inhabitants and employed 3000 Arab labourers. In the 1930s, the pioneering founders of Kibbutz Yavneh from the Religious Zionist movement immigrated to the British Mandate of Palestine , settling near Petah Tikva on land purchased by a Jewish-owned German company. Refining the agricultural skills they learned in Germany, these pioneers began in 1941 to build their kibbutz in its intended location in

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