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29-420: According to the most probable theory, the name has its origin in the word jasan , i.e. ' ash '. Jeseník (respectively Jesenný potok ) was first the name of a stream that flowed through an ash forest in a valley. The name was Germanized to Gesenke (i.e. 'slope') and used as a name of a small town that was founded in the valley (but later disappeared), and then it was transferred first to the valley, and then to

58-465: A biological control for the management of EAB populations in the United States. The public is being cautioned to avoid transporting unfinished wood products, such as firewood, to slow the spread of this insect pest. Damage occurs when emerald ash borer larvae feed on the inner bark, phloem , inside branches and tree trunks. Feeding on the phloem prevents nutrients and water transportation. If

87-690: A considerable litter problem with their seeds. Rowans or mountain ashes have leaves and buds superficially similar to those of true ashes, but belong to the unrelated genus Sorbus in the rose family . The tree's common English name, "ash", traces back to the Old English æsc , which relates to the Proto-Indo-European for the tree, while the generic name originated in Latin from a Proto-Indo-European word for birch. Both words are also used to mean " spear " in their respective languages, as

116-498: A few species. The seeds, popularly known as "keys" or "helicopter seeds", are a type of fruit known as a samara . Some Fraxinus species are dioecious , having male and female flowers on separate plants but sex in ash is expressed as a continuum between male and female individuals, dominated by unisexual trees. With age, ash may change their sexual function from predominantly male and hermaphrodite towards femaleness ; if grown as an ornamental and both sexes are present, ashes can cause

145-517: A good food source for the frogs, but also reduces its resistance to the ash borer . Species with higher leaf tannin levels (including maples and non-native ash species) are taking the place of native ash, thanks to their greater resistance to the ash borer. They produce much less suitable food for the tadpoles, resulting in poor survival rates and small frog sizes. Ash species native to North America also provide important habitat and food for various other creatures native to North America. This includes

174-481: A reduction in the supply of healthy trees, especially in Europe, is making ash an increasingly expensive option. Ash was commonly used for the structural members of the bodies of cars made by carriage builders. Early cars had frames which were intended to flex as part of the suspension system to simplify construction. The Morgan Motor Company of Great Britain still manufactures sports cars with frames made from ash. It

203-469: Is a tonewood commonly used in the manufacture of electric guitars . It exhibits a pronounced bright tone with a scooped midrange. It is lightweight, easy to work and sand, accepts glue, stain , paint and finish very well and is inexpensive. All this has made it a favourite of large factories mass-producing instruments. The Fender musical instrument company has been continuously and uninterruptedly using Ash to make electric guitars since 1956. Swamp ash

232-573: Is a wood-boring beetle accidentally introduced to North America from eastern Asia via solid wood packing material in the late 1980s to early 1990s. It has killed tens of millions of trees in 22 states in the United States and adjacent Ontario and Quebec in Canada. It threatens some seven billion ash trees in North America. Research is being conducted to determine whether three native Asian wasps that are natural predators of EAB could be used as

261-408: Is also used for making drum shells . Woodworkers generally consider ash a "poor cousin" to the other major open pore wood, oak, but it is useful in any furniture application. Ash veneers are extensively used in office furniture. Ash is not used much outdoors due to the heartwood having a low durability to ground contact, meaning it will typically perish within five years. The F. japonica species

290-444: Is favored as a material for making baseball bats by Japanese sporting-goods manufacturers. Its robust structure, good looks, and flexibility combine to make ash ideal for staircases. Ash stairs are extremely hard-wearing, which is particularly important for treads. Due to its elasticity, ash can also be steamed and bent to produce curved stair parts such as volutes (curled sections of handrail) and intricately shaped balusters. However,

319-448: Is used a lot in guitar building because of its figure. It is a choice of material for electric guitar bodies and, less commonly, for acoustic guitar bodies, known for its bright, cutting edge and sustaining quality. Some Fender Stratocasters and Telecasters are made of ash, (such as Bruce Springsteen 's Telecaster on the Born to Run album cover), as an alternative to alder. Ash

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348-638: Is widely planted as a street tree in the United States. The inner bark of the blue ash ( F. quadrangulata ) has been used as a source for blue dye . In Sicily, Italy, sugars are obtained by evaporating the sap of the manna ash , extracted by making small cuts in the bark. The manna ash, native to southern Europe and southwest Asia, produces a blue-green sap, which has medicinal value as a mild laxative, demulcent, and weak expectorant. The young seedpods of Ash trees, also known as "keys", are edible for human consumption. In Britain, they are traditionally pickled with vinegar, sugar and spices. In Greek mythology ,

377-838: The Czech Republic . There are 56 peaks with an altitude of at least 1,000 m, which are spread evenly throughout the territory. It is bordered with the Nízký Jeseník in the southeast, with the Zlatohorská Highlands in the northeast, with the Golden Mountains in the northwest, and with the Hanušovice Highlands in the southwest. Hrubý Jeseník is further subdivided into the microregions of Keprník Mountains, Medvědí Mountains and Praděd Mountains. The highest peaks are: A distinctive feature of

406-561: The Meliae are nymphs associated with the ash, perhaps specifically of the manna ash ( Fraxinus ornus ), as dryads were nymphs associated with the oak . They appear in Hesiod 's Theogony, which states that they were born when drops of Ouranos's blood fell on the earth (Gaia). In Norse mythology , a vast, evergreen ash tree Yggdrasil ("the steed ( gallows ) of Odin "), watered by three magical springs, serves as axis mundi , sustaining

435-639: The fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus , causing ash dieback in a large number of trees since the mid-1990s, particularly in eastern and northern Europe. The disease has infected about 90% of Denmark's ash trees. At the end of October 2012 in the UK, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) reported that ash dieback had been discovered in mature woodland in Suffolk ; previous occurrences had been on young trees imported from Europe. In 2016,

464-617: The Javorový vrch National Nature Monument. Fraxinus Fraxinus ( / ˈ f r æ k s ɪ n ə s / ), commonly called ash , is a genus of plants in the olive and lilac family, Oleaceae , and comprises 45–65 species of usually medium-to-large trees , most of which are deciduous trees, although some subtropical species are evergreen trees. The genus is widespread throughout much of Europe, Asia, and North America. The leaves are opposite (rarely in whorls of three), and mostly pinnately compound , though simple in

493-487: The ash is attacked, the branches can die and eventually the whole tree can as well. Ways to detect emerald ash borer infestation include seeing bark peeling off, vertical cracks in the bark, seeing galleries within the tree that contain powdery substance, and D-shaped exit holes on the branches or trunk. Not all of these may be present, but any of these warning signs could be an indication of possible infestation. The European ash, Fraxinus excelsior , has been affected by

522-401: The ash tree was reported as in danger of extinction in Europe. Ash is a hardwood and is dense (within 20% of 670 kg/m for Fraxinus americana , and higher at 710 kg/m for Fraxinus excelsior ), tough and very strong but elastic , extensively used for making bows , tool handles, baseball bats , hurleys , and other uses demanding high strength and resilience . Ash

551-669: The entire territory of Hrubý Jeseník is protected within the Jeseníky Protected Landscape Area . The Jeseníky PLA then extends further to the north into the Zlatohorská Highlands and to the south into the Hanušovice Highlands . Furthermore, small-scaled protected areas are defined. There are 32 small-scaled protected areas in the Jeseníky PLA. The most important are the national nature reserves Praděd , Šerák-Keprník , Rejvíz and Skřítek (Skřítek and Rejvíz extend only marginally into Hrubý Jeseník), and

580-417: The larvae of multiple long-horn beetles , as well as other insects including those in the genus Tropidosteptes , lace bugs , aphids , larvae of gall flies , and caterpillars. Birds are also interested in black, green, and white ash trees. The black ash alone supports wood ducks , wild turkey , cardinals , pine grosbeaks , cedar waxwings , and yellow-bellied sapsuckers , with habitat and food (such as

609-562: The mountain range. The most important are the Desná and the sources of the Opava River. The only notable body of water is the Dlouhé stráně Reservoir . Due to the mountainous character of the landscape, there are no larger settlements here. The largest settlement in the territory is Vrbno pod Pradědem . The town of Jeseník is located just beyond the borders of the mountain range. Almost

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638-461: The nine worlds of the cosmos in its roots and branches. Askr , the first man in Norse myth, literally means 'ash'. In Italian folklore , an ash stake could be used to kill a vampire . Samara (fruit) A samara ( / s ə ˈ m ɑːr ə / , UK also: / ˈ s æ m ər -/ ) is a winged achene , a type of fruit in which a flattened wing of fibrous, papery tissue develops from

667-432: The ovary wall. A samara is a simple dry fruit, and is indehiscent (not opening along a seam ). The shape of a samara enables the wind to carry the seed further away from the tree than regular seeds would go, and is thus a form of anemochory . In some cases the seed is in the centre of the wing, as in the elms (genus Ulmus ), the hoptree ( Ptelea trifoliata ), and the bushwillows (genus Combretum ). In other cases

696-483: The relief is also Mt. Medvědí vrch, which at 1,216 m (3,990 ft) is the highest mountain of the Medvědí Mountains microregion and is among the most prominent mountains of Hrubý Jeseník. The territory has an approximately circular shape. Hrubý Jeseník has an area of 530 square kilometres (200 sq mi) and an average elevation of 887.6 metres (2,912 ft). Several rivers and streams originate in

725-401: The sap being of interest to the sapsucker) among others. Many mammalian species from meadow voles eating the seeds to white-tailed deer eating the foliage to silver-haired bats nesting will also make use of ash trees. Ash is used as a food plant by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species ( butterflies and moths ). The emerald ash borer ( Agrilus planipennis ), also called EAB,

754-451: The seed is on one side, with the wing extending to the other side, making the seed autorotate as it falls, as in the maples (genus Acer ) and ash trees (genus Fraxinus ). There are also single-wing samara such as mahogany (genus Swietenia ) which have a shape that enables fluttering. Some species that normally produce paired samaras, such as Acer pseudoplatanus , can also produce them in groups of three or four. A samara

783-611: The whole mountain range. Later the name was changed back to Czech Jeseník . Jeseníky (plural form of Jeseník) is a collective term for an area that includes the mountain ranges of Hrubý Jeseník (literally 'rough Jeseník') and Nízký Jeseník (i.e. 'low Jeseník'). Hrubý Jeseník is a mesoregion of the Eastern Sudetes , which is part of the Sudetes within the Bohemian Massif . It is the second-highest mountain range in

812-465: The wood is good for shafts. Species are arranged into sections supported by phylogenetic analysis: North American native ash tree species are a critical food source for North American frogs, as their fallen leaves are particularly suitable for tadpoles to feed upon in ponds (both temporary and permanent), large puddles, and other water bodies. Lack of tannins in the American ash makes their leaves

841-402: Was also widely used by early aviation pioneers for aircraft construction. It lights and burns easily, so is used for starting fires and barbecues , and is usable for maintaining a fire, though it produces only a moderate heat. The two most economically important species for wood production are white ash, in eastern North America, and European ash in Europe. The green ash ( F. pennsylvanica )

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