Jesse Duncan Elliott (14 July 1782 – 10 December 1845) was a United States naval officer and commander of American naval forces in Lake Erie during the War of 1812 , especially noted for his controversial actions during the Battle of Lake Erie .
107-932: Elliott was born in Hagerstown, Maryland . His childhood home, the Elliot-Bester House , was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. He enlisted in the US Navy as a midshipman in April 1804 and saw action in the Mediterranean Sea during the Barbary Wars between 1805 and 1807, serving on board the USS Essex under Commodore James Barron . In June 1807, Elliott was on board USS Chesapeake when Commodore Barron
214-682: A German mercenary soldier. Little Heiskell was at one time the mascot of North Hagerstown High School . Hagerstown's first aircraft production came in World War I with the Maryland Pressed Steel Company building the Bellanca CD biplane in hopes of securing government contracts. From 1931 to 1984, Fairchild Aircraft was based in Hagerstown and was by far the area's most prominent employer. The importance of
321-451: A 30-minute drive of Hagerstown. Fort Frederick State Park , which features a restored fort used in the French and Indian War , is west of the city in nearby Big Pool, Maryland . Washington Monument State Park , near Boonsboro , pays tribute to the country's first president, George Washington . It is the oldest structure to honor the 'father of our country.' Hagerstown is also home to
428-517: A Society of men existed in the Order of the Cincinnati. They are respectable, United, and influential. They will in fact elect the chief Magistrate in every instance, if the election be referred to the people. [Gerry's] respect for the characters composing this Society could not blind him to the danger & impropriety of throwing such a power into their hands. The debate spread to France because of
535-655: A base to attack Virginia troops in the Shenandoah Valley . In the Maryland Campaign of 1862, General James Longstreet 's command occupied the town while en route to the Battle of South Mountain and Antietam . In 1863, the city was the site of several military incursions and engagements as Gen. Robert E. Lee 's army invaded and retreated in the Gettysburg Campaign . In 1864, Hagerstown
642-632: A bet after shooting it from a full city block away. In 1935, the original was retired to the Museum of the Washington County Historical Society, later to be moved to its present display in the Jonathan Hager House. An exact replica has replaced it atop City Hall. The weathervane has been depicted in the city's annual Mummers Day Parade by Charles Harry Rittenhouse, Sr. sporting the necessary accoutrements of
749-525: A hereditary elite; membership eligibility is inherited through primogeniture and generally excluded enlisted men and militia officers unless they were placed under "State Line" or "Continental Line" forces for a substantial period, and their descendants. Benjamin Franklin was among the Society's earliest critics. He was concerned about the creation of a quasi- noble order and of the Society's use of
856-604: A list of charges against Elliott but was, apparently, dissuaded by the Secretary of the Navy against formally filing them. Perry left his list of charges and specifications with his friend Commodore Stephen Decatur when he left on his diplomatic mission to Venezuela in 1819, during which he died. Elliott served as the second to Captain James Barron in the duel in which Barron killed Decatur in 1820. Decatur's widow published
963-508: A male householder with no wife present, and 42.6% were non-families. 34.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 3.04. The median age in the city was 34.5 years. 25.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.6% were from 25 to 44; 24% were from 45 to 64; and 12.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of
1070-476: A resurgence and now hosts several popular annual events. The Quad State Beer Fest is a craft beer and music festival that features regional breweries, rock music and entertainment held at various times throughout the year. The Interstate BBQ Festival is a Kansas City Barque Society sanctioned competition which hosts dozens of professional and backyard teams and draws thousands of spectators as a huge regional event. The city draws thousands every year around May–June to
1177-448: A series of mergers and acquisitions, is known as M7 Aerospace . The Hagerstown Aviation Museum shows many of these original aircraft. Among the ones on display are: 1939 F24/UC-61C, 1945 C-82A, 1943 PT-19A, and the 1953 C-119 . The museum is located near Hagerstown Regional Airport in the airport's former terminal. Hagerstown is also the birthplace of Salisbury, Maryland -based Piedmont Airlines which started out as Henson Aviation. It
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#17327724529201284-644: A symphony house that plays host to the Maryland Symphony Orchestra and the annual Miss Maryland USA Beauty Pageants. The city also has the Washington County Playhouse, which does dinner theater performances. The Barbara Ingram School for the Arts is a magnet school for gifted art students, located in downtown Hagerstown's arts and entertainment district on South Potomac Street. Downtown Hagerstown recently has enjoyed
1391-596: A time, successor members excepted. Collateral male heirs are accepted in some constituent societies if the direct male line dies out. Each of the fourteen constituent societies admits honorary male members, but these men cannot designate an heir (a successor member). The only U.S. President who was a true hereditary member was Franklin Pierce . Andrew Jackson and Zachary Taylor were honorary members before becoming president. Other presidents became honorary members while in office and after leaving office. The Society of
1498-581: Is a city in and the county seat of Washington County, Maryland , United States. The population was 43,527 at the 2020 census . Hagerstown ranks as Maryland's sixth-most populous incorporated city and is the most populous city in the Maryland Panhandle . Hagerstown anchors the Hagerstown metropolitan area extending into West Virginia . It makes up the northwesternmost portion of the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area in
1605-557: Is a hands-on science and technology museum featuring exhibits in numerous galleries and display areas, including the Hagerstown Aviation Museum. Fairgrounds Park is the city's largest active recreation park. It features a baseball field, a BMX track, exercise equipment, an in-line hockey rink, a skatepark, soccer fields, softball fields, and walking trails. Hagerstown is home to the Maryland Theatre ,
1712-408: Is attractive since it intersects Interstate-81 and Interstate-70, because of this, numerous warehouses have been built in Hagerstown and the surrounding area. Manufacturing, which was never entirely removed from the Hagerstown economy, returned to Hagerstown when Hitachi Rail began construction of a $ 70 million factory in Hagerstown. Hagerstown has 2 major shopping malls: Hagerstown's location at
1819-538: Is moderate, averaging 39.29 in (998 mm) annually, and is somewhat evenly distributed throughout the year, with a slight winter minimum and a maximum in May and June. As of the census of 2010, there were 39,662 people, 16,449 households, and 9,436 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,364.0 inhabitants per square mile (1,298.8/km ). There were 18,682 housing units at an average density of 1,584.6 per square mile (611.8/km ). The racial makeup of
1926-709: Is nicknamed, the Hub City . In 1739, Jonathan Hager , a German immigrant from Pennsylvania and a volunteer Captain of Scouts, purchased 200 acres (81 ha) of land in the Great Appalachian Valley between the Blue Ridge and Allegheny Mountains in Maryland and called it Hager's Fancy. In 1762, Hager officially founded the town of Elizabethtown which he named after his wife, Elizabeth Kershner. Fourteen years later, Jonathan Hager became known as
2033-665: Is official. Over 50 variations of the eagle have been produced over the years. A unique diamond-encrusted "eagle", referred to as the "Diamond Eagle", was given to George Washington by Admiral Comte d'Estaing on behalf of the officers of the French Navy. Washington received it on May 11, 1784, at the meeting of the General Society in Philadelphia. Upon Washington's death in 1799, it was given by his heirs to Alexander Hamilton , who succeeded Washington as President of
2140-555: Is open to researchers by appointment. The Society of the Cincinnati created the American Revolution Institute (ARI) in 2012 to renew appreciation of the history and ideals of our revolutionary generation. ARI is an advocacy organization that promotes understanding and appreciation of the American Revolution and its legacy. A list of notables from among the original members of the Society of
2247-652: Is the weathervane known as "Little Heiskell". Named after the German tinsmith Benjamin Heiskell who crafted it in 1769 in the form of a Hessian soldier , it stood atop the Market House first and City Hall second for a combined 166 years. It was moved from the Market House to City Hall in 1824. During the Civil War era, the weathervane gained its characteristic bullet hole from a Confederate sharpshooter, who won
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#17327724529202354-678: Is the oldest patriotic, hereditary society in America. The Society is named after Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus , who left his farm to accept a term as Roman Consul and served as Magister Populi (with temporary powers similar to that of a modern-era dictator). He assumed lawful dictatorial control of Rome to meet a war emergency. When the battle was won, he returned power to the Senate and went back to plowing his fields. The Society's motto reflects that ethic of selfless service: Omnia reliquit servare rempublicam ("He relinquished everything to save
2461-715: Is well-suited and utilized for dairy farming, cornfields, and fruit orchards typical of Mid-Atlantic agriculture. Hagerstown is situated in the transition between the humid subtropical climate zone ( Köppen Cfa ) and the humid continental climate zone (Köppen Dfa ), with hot, humid summers and cool to moderately cold winters. Normal monthly mean temperatures range from 32.9 °F (0.5 °C) in January to 77.6 °F (25.3 °C) in July, while record temperatures range from −27 °F (−33 °C) on January 13, 1912, up to 107 °F (42 °C) on July 23, 1999. Precipitation
2568-600: The Battle of York on 27 April 1813 and the Battle of Fort George on 27 May. He was promoted to master commandant in July and reassigned to the Lake Erie squadron, to serve as Commodore Perry's second-in-command. He felt Perry had insufficient combat experience, and was particularly critical of Perry's choice of Presque Isle for his shipyard. During the Battle of Lake Erie against a British squadron under Captain Robert Barclay on 10 September, Elliott commanded
2675-541: The Beaux-Arts style. Anderson House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 and was further designated a National Historic Landmark in 1996. The General Society's museum collections include portraits, armaments, and personal artifacts of Revolutionary War soldiers; commemorative objects; objects associated with the history of the Society and its members, including Cincinnati china and insignia; portraits and personal artifacts of members of
2782-1367: The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park Headquarters. The city and surrounding vicinity also has a number of sites and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places . They include the Antietam Furnace Complex Archeological Site , Antietam Hall , Brightwood , Colonial Theatre , Ditto Knolls , Dorsey-Palmer House , Elliot-Bester House , Jacob M. Funk Farm , Garden Hill , Good-Hartle Farm , Hager House , Hagerstown Armory , Hagerstown Charity School , Hagerstown City Park Historic District , Hagerstown Commercial Core Historic District , Hagerstown Historic District , Houses At 16-22 East Lee Street , Lantz-Zeigler House , Lehman's Mill Historic District , Long Meadows , Maryland Theatre , Henry McCauley Farm , Oak Hill Historic District , Old Forge Farm , Old Washington County Library , Paradise Manor , Potomac-Broadway Historic District , Price-Miller House , Rockland Farm , Rockledge , Rohrer House , South Prospect Street Historic District , Trovinger Mill , Valentia , Washington County Courthouse , Western Maryland Railway Station , Western Maryland Railway Steam Locomotive No. 202 , and Wilson's Bridge . Within
2889-451: The Corps of Engineers , and became one of the first members of the Society. He observed that "[t]he Bald Eagle, which is unique to this continent, and is distinguished from those of other climates by its white head and tail, appears to me to deserve attention." In 1783, L'Enfant was commissioned to travel to France to have the first eagle badges made, based on his design). The medallions at
2996-544: The Dupont Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C. The Anderson House also serves as a Society museum and research library. It is located on Embassy Row , near various international embassies. Anderson House was built between 1902 and 1905 as the winter residence of Larz Anderson , an American diplomat, and his wife, Isabel Weld Perkins , an author and American Red Cross volunteer. The architects Arthur Little and Herbert Browne of Boston designed Anderson House in
3103-527: The Lawrence was battered into a wreck, Perry took command of the Niagara while Elliott was dispatched by boat to urge the smaller American gunboats at the rear of the line of battle into closer action. The battle ended with the surrender of the entire British squadron. Elliott won distinction for his actions and official praise from Perry, and was given command of the Lake Erie squadron the next month. There
3210-877: The Myrtle Beach Hurricanes relocated to Hagerstown, became the Hagerstown Suns, and became the Class A affiliate of the Toronto Blue Jays. They would remain Class A for the remainder of their existence. In 2001, they affiliated with the San Francisco Giants. They affiliated with the New York Mets in 2005, and then with the Washington Nationals in 2007. The Suns folded in 2021 when Minor League Baseball
3317-520: The Pennsylvania , Norfolk and Western , Baltimore and Ohio , and Hagerstown and Frederick Railroads. Currently, the city is a vital location on CSX , Norfolk Southern , and the Winchester and Western Railroads . Hagerstown was formerly served by the Hagerstown & Frederick Railway , an interurban trolley system, from 1896 to 1947. One of the most recognizable symbols of Hagerstown
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3424-641: The United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 11.80 square miles (30.56 km ), of which 11.79 square miles (30.54 km ) is land and 0.01 square miles (0.03 km ) is water. Major waterways within Hagerstown include Hamilton Run and Antietam Creek that are tributaries of the Potomac River. Natural landscape around Hagerstown consists of low, rolling hills with elevations of 500 feet (150 m) to 800 feet (240 m) above sea level and rich, fertile land that
3531-491: The Winchester and Western railroads, as well as Hagerstown Regional Airport form an extensive transportation network for the city. Hagerstown is also the chief commercial and industrial hub for a greater Tri-State Area that includes much of Western Maryland as well as significant portions of South Central Pennsylvania and the Martinsburg Panhandle Area . Hagerstown has often been referred to as, and
3638-484: The "Father of Washington County" after his efforts helped Hagerstown become the county seat of newly created Washington County, which Hager also helped create from neighboring Frederick County . The City Council changed the community's name to Hager's-Town in 1813 because the name had gained popular usage, and in the following year, the Maryland State Legislature officially endorsed the changing of
3745-472: The Anderson family; and artifacts related to the history of the house, including the U.S. Navy 's occupation of it during World War II . The library of the General Society of the Cincinnati collects, preserves, and makes available for research printed and manuscript materials relating to the military and naval history of the eighteenth century and early nineteenth century, with a particular concentration on
3852-714: The Battle of Sharpsburg , approximately 2,800 Confederate dead from that battle and also from the battles on South Mountain were re-interred in Washington Confederate Cemetery , within Rose Hill Cemetery in Hagerstown. Hagerstown's nickname of the "Hub City" originated from the large number of railroads (and roads) that served the city. Hagerstown was the center of the Western Maryland Railway and an important city on
3959-550: The Blue Ridge and Allegheny Mountains in a part of the Great Appalachian Valley known regionally as Cumberland Valley and locally as Hagerstown Valley . The community also lies within proximity of Pennsylvania , West Virginia , and Virginia . Hagerstown, by driving distance, is approximately 70 miles (110 km) northwest of Washington, D.C. , 72 miles (116 km) west-northwest of Baltimore and 74 miles (119 km) southwest of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania . According to
4066-776: The British Fort Erie in the upper reaches of the Niagara River . Caledonia escaped to an American port with a load of furs and became the USS Caledonia . Detroit was swept down the Niagara River into range of the British guns. Elliott battled the shore emplacement until his ammunition ran out and then beached the ship on Squaw Island (today known as Unity Island ) and fled to the American side of
4173-461: The British evacuation from New York City . The meeting was presided over by Major General Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben , with Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Hamilton serving as the orator. The participants agreed to stay in contact with each other after the war. Mount Gulian , von Steuben's headquarters, is considered the birthplace of the Society of the Cincinnati, where the Institution
4280-796: The Cincinnati The Society of the Cincinnati is a fraternal, hereditary society founded in 1783 to commemorate the American Revolutionary War that saw the creation of the United States . Membership is largely restricted to descendants of military officers who served in the Continental Army . The Society has thirteen constituent societies in the United States and one in France . It
4387-544: The Cincinnati Prize recognizes the author of an outstanding work that advances understanding of the American Revolution and its legacy. Established in 1989 as a triennial award, the prize is now presented annually. Since 1989, the authors awarded this prize are: The General Society is headquartered at Anderson House , also known as the Larz Anderson House , at 2118 Massachusetts Avenue , NW in
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4494-530: The Cincinnati: Source: Source: Since its inception, the Society of the Cincinnati has allowed honorary members to be admitted who have distinguished themselves in military or public service. Every president who served in the eras of 1885 to 1923 (38 years), 1933 to 1953 (20 years), and 1981 to 1993 (12 years) was an honorary member of the Society. Presidents George Washington and James Monroe were original members of
4601-555: The Congress or of any particular State, a Number of private persons should think proper to distinguish themselves and their Posterity, from their fellow Citizens, and form an Order of hereditary Knights , in direct Opposition to the solemnly declared Sense of their Country. The influence of the Cincinnati members, former officers, was another concern. When delegates to the Constitutional Convention were debating
4708-920: The Detroit Tigers moved their minor league affiliate there. The Hagerstown Owls competed in the Class B Interstate League . In 1950, the Owls were renamed the Hagerstown Braves as they became a minor league affiliate of the Boston Braves. In 1953, the Braves joined the Class B Piedmont League . In 1954, the Braves were renamed the Hagerstown Packets and became a minor league affiliate of the Washington Senators. The Piedmont League ceased operations in 1955 and Hagerstown
4815-425: The Mediterranean assignment, he was charged with minor offenses by several of his junior officers, including using his official position for personal gain and transporting animals he had purchased aboard Constitution . Elliott was recalled to the United States in 1838. He was politically unpopular at the time (possibly stemming back to his performance during the Battle of Lake Erie and subsequent feud with Perry), and
4922-439: The Republic"). The Society has had three goals: "To preserve the rights so dearly won; to promote the continuing union of the states; and to assist members in need, their widows, and their orphans." The concept of the Society of the Cincinnati was that of Major General Henry Knox . The first meeting of the Society was held in May 1783 at a dinner at the Verplanck House (present-day Mount Gulian ), Fishkill, New York , before
5029-422: The Society's founding but did not join. Each officer may be represented by only one descendant at any given time, following the rules of primogeniture. (The rules of eligibility and admission are controlled by each of the 14 Constituent Societies to which members are admitted. They differ slightly in each society, and some allow more than one descendant of an eligible officer.) The requirement for primogeniture made
5136-400: The Society), Ohio . A popular public square was built here to house a 15' bronze statue of Cincinnatus flanked by four masts flying the American , state, city, and Society flags. The flag of the Society displays blue and white stripes and a dark blue canton (containing a circle of 14 stars around the Cincinnati Eagle, representing the fourteen subsidiary societies) in the upper corner next to
5243-399: The Society, and President Franklin Pierce was a hereditary member. Zachary Taylor was admitted as an honorary member of the New York Society in 1847 and could have been a hereditary member of the Virginia Society by right of his father, Lieutenant Colonel Richard Taylor (d. 1826), had it been active at the time of his father's death. (Nobel Prize for Literature recipient Winston Churchill
5350-475: The Society. Upon Hamilton's death, it was given to Charles Cotesworth Pinckney , who succeeded Hamilton as the Society's president. It has since served as the official insignia of the Society's president and is transferred when a new president takes office. In the late 20th century, a copy of the Diamond Eagle was made and worn by the president on occasions other than the Triennial Meeting. A specially commissioned "eagle" worn by President General George Washington
5457-423: The United States representative democracy. Over the years, membership rules have continued as they were first established. The definition and acceptance of membership have remained with the constituent societies rather than the General Society in Washington. An eligible officer of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War can be represented in the Society of the Cincinnati by only one male descendant at
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#17327724529205564-485: The War. Captain David Ziegler was the first Mayor of Cincinnati. Lt. Ebenezer Denny (1761–1822), an original Pennsylvanian Cincinnatus, was elected the first mayor of the incorporated city of Pittsburgh in 1816. Pittsburgh developed from Fort Pitt , which had been commanded from 1777 to 1783 by four men who were founding members of the Society. Richard Varick was a Mayor of New York City . Today's Society supports efforts to increase public awareness and memory of
5671-415: The Western Maryland Blues Fest, which showcases blues artists from around the country. The Augustoberfest celebrates Hagerstown's German heritage. The Alsatia Mummers Parade is an annual parade during the Halloween season. It is run by Alsatia Club Inc. and was first run in 1921. Fairgrounds Park hosts various events throughout the year like the annual Hagerstown Hispanic Festival held in mid-September and
5778-404: The average family size was 2.93. In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.6% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.6 males. The median income for a household in the city
5885-402: The borough failed to supply the requested ransom of $ 500,000 in U.S. currency, or $ 100,000 in gold. Following the war, in 1872 Maryland and Virginia cooperated to re-inter Confederate dead from their impromptu graves to cemeteries in Hagerstown, Frederick and Shepherdstown, West Virginia . Roughly 60% however, remained unidentified. In 1877, 15 years after the Battle of Antietam , also known as
5992-399: The brig USS Niagara . Perry commanded the Niagara ' s sister-ship, USS Lawrence . In the center of the American line of battle, the Niagara was astern of the Caledonia which in turn was astern of the Lawrence . During the early stages of the battle, the Lawrence fought alone against several of the heaviest British ships while the Niagara was scarcely engaged. After
6099-428: The center of the Cincinnati Eagle depict, on the obverse , Cincinnatus receiving his sword from Roman senators and, on the reverse , Cincinnatus at his plow being crowned by the figure of Pheme (a personification of fame ). The Society's light blue and white colors symbolize the fraternal bond between the United States and France . While all Cincinnati Eagles conform to this general design, no single specific design
6206-427: The center of the Western Maryland region makes it an ideal starting point for touring, especially with respect to the Civil War . Antietam National Battlefield , the site of the bloodiest single day in American history, is located in nearby Sharpsburg . South Mountain State Battlefield is also located in Washington County in Boonsboro . Gettysburg , Monocacy , and Harpers Ferry battlefields are all located within
6313-415: The charges made by Perry years later as she held Elliott to be at least partially responsible for her husband's death. Elliott commanded the sloop USS Ontario during the Second Barbary War , and was promoted to Captain in 1818, serving on a naval commission selecting sites for navy yards, lighthouses, and other coastal fortifications, until 1822. In 1820, Elliott was second to Commodore James Barron when
6420-414: The cities annual July 4 firework show. From 1915 to 1929, Hagerstown's Class D minor league team played in the Blue Ridge League at Willow Lane Park, now the site of Bester Elementary School, under several names: Blues (1915), Terriers (1916–18, 1922–23), Champs (1920–21), and Hubs (1924–1930). In 1930, Municipal Stadium was constructed and the Hubs played their final season there. In 1931, prior to
6527-621: The city has a diversified, stable business environment with modern service companies in various fields as well as continued strength in manufacturing and transportation in railroads and highways. Surrounding Hagerstown, there has been and continues to be a strong agricultural presence while tourism, especially with respect to the retail sector, also provides support to the local economy. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, e-commerce brands began searching for new places to do business. Due to high property prices near Interstate-95 businesses looked to develop along Interstate-81. The Hagerstown-Washington County area
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#17327724529206634-410: The city was 47.3% male and 52.7% female. Between 2011 and 2015, 26.8% of the population lived in poverty. As of the U.S. census of 2000, there were 36,687 people, 15,849 households, and 9,081 families residing in the city. Updated July 1, 2008, census estimates reflect Hagerstown having 39,728 people, an increase of 8.3% from the year 2000. According to Census 2000 figures, the population density
6741-447: The city was 75.8% White , 15.5% African American , 0.3% Native American , 1.3% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 2.1% from other races , and 5.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.6% of the population. There were 16,449 households, of which 32.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.6% were married couples living together, 18.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.4% had
6848-451: The city, there are numerous parks including Hagerstown City Park , which is home to the Washington County Museum of Fine Arts , Mansion House Art Gallery, Western Maryland 202 Locomotive Display and Museum , and the Hager House and Museum (once home of Jonathan Hager , founder of Hagerstown). Outside of the Park, Hagerstown Roundhouse Museum showcases exhibits of Hagerstown's early railroad history. Discovery Station , located downtown,
6955-405: The city. There were 15,849 households, out of which 29.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.8% were married couples living together, 15.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.7% were non-families. 35.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and
7062-644: The company to the city and the country as a whole earned Hagerstown its former nickname "Home of the Flying Boxcar," after the Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar . Fairchild moved to Hagerstown from Farmingdale, New York , in 1931 after Sherman Fairchild purchased a majority stock interest in Kreider-Reisner Aircraft Company of Hagerstown in 1929. Among Fairchild's products during World War II were PT-19 / PT-23 / PT-26 (Cornell) and AT-21 trainers, C-82 "Packet" cargo planes and missiles. At its height in World War II, Fairchild employed directly and indirectly up to 80% of Hagerstown's workforce or roughly 10,000 people. In
7169-405: The considerably larger fighting forces comprising the Colonial Militias and Minutemen were not entitled to join the Society. Within 12 months of the founding, a constituent Society had been organized in each of the 13 states and in France . Of about 5,500 men originally eligible for membership, 2,150 had joined within a year. King Louis XVI ordained the French Society of the Cincinnati , which
7276-404: The eagle in its emblem, as evoking the traditions of heraldry and the English aristocracy. In a letter to his daughter Sarah Bache written on January 26, 1784, Franklin commented on the ramifications of the Cincinnati: I only wonder that, when the united Wisdom of our Nation had, in the Articles of Confederation, manifested their Dislike of establishing Ranks of Nobility, by Authority either of
7383-495: The eligibility of French veterans from the Revolutionary War. In 1785 Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau was approached by Franklin, who was at the time stationed in Paris, and suggested to him to write something about the society directed at the French public. Mirabeau was provided with Burke's pamphlets and Franklin's letter to his daughter, and from this, with the help of Nicolas Chamfort , created an enlarged version entitled Considérations sur l'Ordre de Cincinnatus which
7490-424: The first time in history when an entire British naval squadron had surrendered. (Compare Congressional Gold Medal Honoring Jesse D. Elliott and Congressional Gold Medal Honoring Oliver Hazard Perry .) In addition to the medals, Elliott and Perry each received an equal share of the prize money ($ 7,140.00 apiece) for the capture of the British squadron at Lake Erie. In recognition of Perry's position as commodore of
7597-496: The heart of the Great Appalachian Valley . The population of the metropolitan area in 2020 was 293,844. Greater Hagerstown was the fastest-growing metropolitan area in the state of Maryland and among the fastest growing in the United States, as of 2009. Hagerstown has a distinct topography, formed by stone ridges running from northeast to southwest through the center of town. Geography accordingly bounds its neighborhoods. These ridges consist of upper Stonehenge Limestone . Many of
7704-441: The hoist. Refer to the section below for the city's historical connection to the Society. By Federal law, Society members may wear their eagles on their American military uniforms on ceremonial occasions. In practice, however, this has been rarely done since the early 20th century. When news of the foundation of the society spread, judge Aedanus Burke published several pamphlets under the pseudonym Cassius where he criticized
7811-658: The ideals and actions of the men who created the American Revolution and an understanding of American history, emphasizing the period from the outset of the Revolution to the War of 1812. At its headquarters at Anderson House in Washington, DC, the Society holds manuscript, portrait, and model collections about events of and military science during this period. Members of the Society have contributed to endow professorships, lecture series, awards, and educational materials concerning
7918-737: The latter fatally shot Stephen Decatur in a duel. He was transferred to the Brazil Squadron in 1825, served as captain of the USS Cyane for two years, and later commanded the West Indies Squadron from 1829 to 1832. Elliott was appointed commander of the Boston Navy Yard in 1833 and of the frigate USS Constitution and the Mediterranean Squadron from 3 March 1835 to 18 August 1838. During
8025-508: The method of choosing a president , James Madison (the secretary of the convention) reported the following speech of Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts : A popular election in this case is radically vicious. The ignorance of the people would put it in the power of some one set of men dispersed through the Union & acting in Concert to delude them into any appointment. He observed that such
8132-553: The next season beginning, the Blue Ridge League folded due to financial losses and the Hagerstown Hubs moved to Parkersburg, West Virginia . From 1935 to 1955, various barnstorming Negro League teams played in Hagerstown on at least seven occasions; however, there is no complete history of Black baseball in Hagerstown as local news rarely covered it. In 1941, professional baseball returned to Hagerstown when
8239-535: The older buildings were built from this stone, which is easily quarried and dressed onsite. It whitens in weathering and the edgewise conglomerate and wavy laminae become distinctly visible, giving an appearance unique to the Cumberland Valley as seen in the architecture of St. John's Episcopal Church . Despite its semi-rural Western Maryland setting, Hagerstown is a center of transit and commerce. Interstates 81 and 70 , CSX , Norfolk Southern , and
8346-534: The people and events of the American Revolution and the War of 1812. The collection includes various modern and rare materials, including official military documents, contemporary accounts and discourses, manuscripts, maps, graphic arts, literature, and many naval art and science works. In addition, the library is the home to the archives of the Society of the Cincinnati as well as a collection of material relating to Larz and Isabel Anderson. The library
8453-541: The postwar era, Fairchild continued to produce aircraft in Hagerstown such as C-123 Provider , Fairchild F-27 and Fairchild Hiller FH-227 , FH-1100 , C-26 Metroliner , UC-26 Metroliner , Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II , and the Fairchild T-46 jet trainer. All production ceased in Hagerstown in 1984 and the company moved elsewhere. Presently, the company is based in San Antonio, Texas , and after
8560-474: The river. British and American guns destroyed the beached ship. Elliott and Towson were later commended for this action by Congress. In February 1813, however, Elliott was replaced as commander of the Lake Erie squadron by Master Commandant Oliver H. Perry . Transferred to Lake Ontario , Elliott served under Commodore Isaac Chauncey as captain on board the flagship the USS ; Madison , and took part in
8667-467: The society as an attempt at reestablishing a hereditary nobility in the new republic. The pamphlets, entitled An Address to the Freemen of South Carolina (January 1783) and Considerations on the Society or Order of Cincinnati (October 1783), sparked a general outcry that included prominent names, including Thomas Jefferson and John Adams . The criticism voiced concern about the apparent creation of
8774-457: The society controversial in its early years, as the new states quickly did away with laws supporting primogeniture as remnants of the English feudal system. George Washington was elected the first President General of the Society, serving from December 1783 until he died in 1799. The second President General was Alexander Hamilton , and after he died from wounds suffered in a duel in 1804, he
8881-562: The society had died down, the new Institution was rescinded, and the original was reintroduced, including the clauses about heredity. The French chapter, which had obtained official permission to form from the king Louis XVI of France , also abolished heredity but never reintroduced it. Thus the last members were approved on February 3, 1792, shortly before the French monarchy was disbanded. The members of Cincinnati were among those developing many of America's first and most prominent cities to
8988-490: The society. However, in the meantime, Major L'Enfant had arrived, bringing his designs of the diplomas and medals, as well as news of the success of the society in France, which made abolition of the society impossible. Washington instead delivered at the meeting an ultimatum that if the clauses about heredity were not abandoned, he would resign from his post as president of the society. This was accepted, and an informal agreement
9095-655: The squadron, Congress voted Perry an additional payment of $ 5,000.00, which became a source of consternation for Elliott. In 1818 Elliott was elected as an honorary member of the Maryland Society of the Cincinnati . Even before the medals were presented, Elliott and Perry became embroiled in a thirty-year-long controversy over their respective conduct and fault in the battle, extending even beyond Perry's death in 1819. Perry claimed that Elliott had failed to offer timely support; Elliott decried lack of communication and signals on Perry's part. In August 1818 Perry drew up
9202-582: The town's name. In 1794, government forces arrested 150 citizens during a draft riot which was staged by protesters in response to the Whiskey Rebellion . Hagerstown's strategic location at the border between the North and the South made the city a primary staging area and supply center for four major campaigns during the Civil War . In 1861, General Robert Patterson 's troops used Hagerstown as
9309-644: The west of the Appalachians, most notably Cincinnati, Ohio , and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania . The first governor of the Northwest Territory , Arthur St. Clair , was a member of the Society. He renamed a small settlement "Cincinnati" to honor the Society and to encourage settlement by Society members. Among them was Captain Jacob Piatt, who settled across the river from Cincinnati in northern Kentucky on land granted to him for service during
9416-509: Was $ 30,796, and the median income for a family was $ 38,149. Males had a median income of $ 31,200 versus $ 22,549 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 17,153. About 15.1% of families and 18.1% of the population were below the poverty line , including 27.0% of those under age 18 and 13.7% of those age 65 or over. Hagerstown–Martinsburg, MD–WV MSA consists of three counties: The primary cities are Hagerstown and Martinsburg, West Virginia . The metropolitan area's population in 2000
9523-700: Was 222,771. The 2008 estimate is 263,753, making Greater Hagerstown the 169th largest metropolitan area in the United States. The growth rate from 2000 to 2008 is +18.4%, the 48th highest among metropolitan areas in the entire country and the highest in Maryland (and in West Virginia). The growth is mostly due to the influx of people from Washington, D.C., and Baltimore, MD. Once primarily an industrial community, Hagerstown's economy depended heavily on railroad transportation and manufacturing, notably of aircraft, trucks, automobiles, textiles, and furniture. Today,
9630-425: Was 3,441.5 inhabitants per square mile (1,328.8/km ). There were 17,089 housing units at an average density of 1,603.1 per square mile (619.0/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 85.95% White , 10.15% Black , 1.77% Hispanic or Latino , 0.25% Native American , 0.96% Asian , 0.04% Pacific Islander , 0.83% from other races , and 1.83% from two or more races. There were 17,154 males and 19,533 females residing in
9737-787: Was convicted of these charges and suspended from duty for four years until the remaining charges were dismissed by President John Tyler in October 1843. Appointed commander of the Philadelphia Navy Yard in December 1844, Elliott remained there until his death on 10 December 1845. He is buried in Mount Moriah Cemetery in Philadelphia. After being overgrown for many years, his grave was re-identified in 2012. Hagerstown, Maryland Hagerstown ( / ˈ h eɪ ɡ ər z t aʊ n / ; HAY -gərz-town )
9844-540: Was forced to allow a search of the ship by HMS Leopard . Elliott won promotion to lieutenant in April 1810 and was assigned to Lake Erie to oversee construction of the US naval squadron on Lake Erie upon the outbreak of the War of 1812. On 8 October 1812, he and Army Captain Nathan Towson captured the British brigs HMS Caledonia and HMS Detroit , formerly the United States brig Adams , anchored near
9951-575: Was formally adopted on May 13, 1783. Membership was generally limited to officers who had served at least three years in the Continental Army or Navy , or had served until the end of the War; it included officers of the French Army and Navy above certain ranks . Officers in the Continental Line who died during the War were also entitled to be recorded as members, and membership would devolve to their eldest male heir. Members of
10058-545: Was founded by Richard A. Henson in 1931. Today, Hagerstown Regional Airport-Richard A. Henson Field is named as such in honor of the airlines' founder. Today, only small to medium-sized aviation companies remain in the area, e.g., Sierra Nevada Corporation , a defense electronics engineering and manufacturing contractor. Hagerstown is situated south of the Mason–Dixon line and north of the Potomac River and between
10165-682: Was founded to perpetuate "the remembrance of this vast event" (the achievement of American Independence), "to preserve inviolate those exalted rights and liberties of human nature," and "to render permanent the cordial affection subsisting among the officers" of the Continental Army who served in the Revolutionary War. Now in its third century, the Society promotes public interest in the Revolution through its library and museum collections, publications, and other activities. It
10272-655: Was held in October 2022 for the new stadium. On July 20, 2023, the team name was announced as the Hagerstown Flying Boxcars after fan submissions and voting. The other options for voting were Haymakers, Battling Swans, Diezel Dogs, and Tin Lizards. The team opened their inaugural season on April 25, 2024 on the road against the York Revolution , and had their home opener at Meritus Park with limited attendance on May 4, 2024. Society of
10379-543: Was initially called an "order" in the Society's records.) It is the second official American emblem to use the bald eagle, following the Great Seal of the United States . The insignia may have been derived from the same discourse that produced the seal. The suggestion of the bald eagle as the Cincinnati insignia was made by Major Pierre L'Enfant , a French officer who joined the American Army in 1777, served in
10486-507: Was invaded by the Confederate army under Lt. Gen. Jubal Early . On Wednesday, July 6, Early sent 1,500 cavalry, commanded by Brig. Gen. John McCausland , into Hagerstown. The Confederates levied a ransom of $ 20,000 and a large amount of clothing, in retribution for U.S. destruction of farms, feed and cattle in the Shenandoah Valley . This is in contrast to neighboring Chambersburg, Pennsylvania , which McCausland razed on July 30 when
10593-825: Was left without a team until 1981. From 1981 to 2020, the Hagerstown Suns played in Municipal Stadium and were initially the Class A affiliate of the Baltimore Orioles . The Suns became the Double-A affiliate of the Orioles in 1989. They were affiliated with the Orioles until 1992 when the Suns moved to Bowie, Maryland and became the Bowie Baysox . Shortly after the Suns departure in 1992,
10700-457: Was made not to wear the eagles in public so as not to resemble European chivalrous orders. A new charter, the so-called Institution , was printed, which omitted, among others, the disputed clauses about heredity. This was sent to the local chapters for approval, which was approved in all of them except for the chapters in New York, New Hampshire, and Delaware. However, when the public furor about
10807-465: Was nevertheless controversy over his actions during the battle. Some (including Perry) suspected that he had deliberately held Niagara out of the battle in the beginning, and they would feud over this point to the end of their lives. On January 6, 1814, both Elliott and Perry were each honored with a Congressional Gold Medal , and the Thanks of Congress . ( See 3 Stat. 141.) This was in recognition of
10914-448: Was one of three eagles known to have been owned by Washington, who most often wore the " diamond eagle", a diamond-encrusted badge given him by the French matelots ( sailors ). That diamond eagle continues to be passed down to each President General of the Society of the Cincinnati as part of his induction into office. The Cincinnati Eagle is displayed in various places of public importance, including Sawyer Point in Cincinnati (named for
11021-581: Was organized on July 4, 1784 ( Independence Day ). Up to that time, the King of France had not allowed his officers to wear any foreign decorations, but he made an exception in favor of the badge of the Cincinnati. The Society's rules adopted a system of primogeniture , wherein membership was passed down to the eldest son after the death of the original member. Present-day hereditary members generally must be descended from an original member, an officer who died in service, or an officer who qualified for membership at
11128-770: Was presented to Marquis de Lafayette in 1824 during his grand tour of the United States . This badge remained in possession of the Lafayette family until sold at auction on December 11, 2007, for 5.3 million USD by Lafayette's great-great-granddaughter. Together with what is believed to be the original ribbon and red leather box, the badge was purchased by the Josée and René de Chambrun Foundation for display in Lafayette's bedroom at Chateau La Grange, his former home, thirty miles east of Paris ; it may also be displayed at Mount Vernon , Washington's former home in Virginia. This
11235-549: Was published in London in November that year. An English translation by Samuel Romilly followed, of which an American edition was published in 1786. Following this public debate and criticism, George Washington, who had been unaware of the particulars of the charter when he agreed to become president of the society, began to doubt the benefit of the society. At its first general meeting on May 4, 1784, he had considered abolishing
11342-479: Was restructured and reduced to 120 teams. Municipal Stadium was demolished in 2022 to make way for an indoor turf complex. On September 1, 2021, the Atlantic League announced approval for a new baseball team in Hagerstown. The team will play in the new Meritus Park . The team was initially set to begin play in 2023, but delays in stadium construction pushed the inaugural season to 2024. Groundbreaking
11449-486: Was succeeded by Charles Cotesworth Pinckney . The society's members have included notable military and political leaders, including 23 of the 39 signers of the United States Constitution . On June 19, 1783, the General Society of the Cincinnati adopted the bald eagle , one of America's first post-revolution symbols and an important piece of American iconography , as its insignia. (The insignia
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