Jiànzi ( Chinese : 毽子 ), tī jiànzi (踢毽子), tī jiàn (踢毽), or jiànqiú (毽球), is a traditional Chinese sport in which players aim to keep a heavily weighted shuttlecock in the air using their bodies apart from the hands, unlike in similar games such as peteca and indiaca . The primary origin of jianzi is an ancient Chinese game called Cuju , from the Han dynasty , 2,000 years ago. Jianzi is played on a badminton court using inner or outer lines in different competition settings. It can also be played artistically, among a circle of players in a street or park, with the objective to keep the shuttle 'up' and show off skills. In Vietnam, it is known as đá cầu , and it is the national sport. In the Philippines, it is known as sipa and was also the national sport, until it was replaced by arnis in December 2009.
35-571: The game has also gained a following around the globe. In English, both the sport and the object with which it is played are referred to as a "shuttlecock" or "featherball". In Malaysia, the game is known as capteh , or chapteh . It is considered a game played by children until they can master sepak raga . The shuttlecock (called a jianzi in the Chinese game, or 'Chinese hacky sack ' and 'kinja' in English) typically has four feathers fixed into
70-432: A film about the sport called The Flying Feather was made by the Chinese central news agency, winning a gold medal at an international film festival. In August 2011, an American company released a toy called Kikbo based on jianzi. In 2013, a Hong Kong company released KickShuttle. It is a form of shuttlecock not made using feathers. The official shuttlecock consists of four equal-length goose or duck feathers joined at
105-453: A half court for double player game only. Freestyle is very similar to freestyle footbag , where players perform various kicks, delays, and other maneuvers without touching the shuttlecock with their hands. Many footbag tricks were initially inspired by jianzi, but now jianzi freestylers often look for inspiration from footbag. Jianzi has been played since the Han dynasty (206 BC–220 AD), and
140-422: A kick. The match is divided into two stages, namely the preliminary round is called the trot and the final round is called boko. Assessment is made of the technique and style of kicking the ball which is called renten. The duration of galloping games is 15 minutes, while Boko is 30 minutes. This can be extended if deemed necessary by the referee. In ancient times, the game of football was played by young people in
175-421: A net (much like badminton) at a height of 1.60 meters (1.50 meters for women). A new style of Ti Jian Zi called "Chinese JJJ" was introduced in 2009. "JJJ" stands for "Competitive Jianzi-kicking" in Chinese with the three Chinese characters "竞技毽" all starting with "J". This version uses a lower middle net at 90 cm, and the inner or outside lines of the standard badminton court. There are several variations of
210-544: A rattan ball with all limbs except with the hands such as feet, thighs, chest, shoulders, head, and must ensure that the ball does not fall to the ground. The development of sepaktakraw in Asian countries, especially Southeast Asia , has been familiar with the game using rattan balls for a long time. Sepak rago or Sipak rago is a traditional game from the Indonesian provinces of West Sumatra . The game of Sepak rago
245-494: A river). The dialects are Rao Mapat Tunggul, Muaro Sungai Lolo, Payakumbuh, Pangkalan-Lubuk Alai, Agam-Tanah Datar, Pancungsoal, Kotobaru, Sungai Bendung Air, and Karanganyar. In everyday communication between Minangkabau people of different regions, the Agam-Tanah Datar dialect ( Baso Padang or Baso Urang Awak 'our [people's] language') is often used and has become a kind of standard. The Tapan language , spoken in
280-461: A rubber or plastic base. It weighs approximately 15–25 grams (0.53–0.88 oz) and is 15–21 centimetres (5.9–8.3 in) long. The feathers vary in color, usually dyed red, yellow, blue, or green. In competitions a pink shuttlecock is preferred. The shuttlecock used in Chinese JJJ games weighs 24–25 grams (0.85–0.88 oz). The height from the bottom of rubber base to top of the shuttlecock
315-475: A rubber sole or a plastic disc. Some handmade jianzis make use of a washer or a coin with a hole in the centre. During play, any part of the body except for the hands can be used to keep the shuttlecock from touching the ground. It is primarily balanced and propelled upwards using parts of the leg, especially the feet. Skilled players may employ an overhead kick . In China, the sport usually has two playing forms: The circle kick uses upward kicks only when keeping
350-515: Is 14–15 centimetres (5.5–5.9 in) and the width between tops of two opposite feathers is also 14–15 centimetres (5.5–5.9 in). Sepak raga Sepak raga ( Minangkabau : sipak rago ) is a traditional Indonesian and Malaysian sport , developed in the Nusantara Archipelago . This game is related to the modern sepak takraw . Similar games include footbag net , footvolley , bossaball and jianzi . This game
385-511: Is a traditional game that has been played since the time of the Sultanate of Malacca in 1478. The actual origins of this game cannot be given as much history has been destroyed as a result of the second world war. With the passage of time and the growing interest in this game throughout Malaya , then at the end of 1945 a new and modern rule of using nets was created by the players in Penang. With
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#1732765554443420-531: Is also found in the Malay Peninsula region, including Johor , Penang and Pahang . Sepak takraw is known by the Indonesian and Malaysian people in several areas such as Borneo , the Malay Peninsula , Sumatra and Sulawesi as Sepak raga , which is a game for local children who still use a ball made of rattan . In this game, each player must show proficiency in ball handling: the player plays
455-862: Is also spoken in Malaysia, by some descendants of migrants from the Minang-speaking region in Sumatra ( Ranah Minang , Tanah Minang , or Land of the Minang). Significant numbers of the early migrants settled in what is now the Malaysian state of Negeri Sembilan ; this Negeri Sembilan Malay , known as Bahaso Nogori / Baso Nogoghi , is now a distinct language, more closely related to Malay than to Minangkabau. More recent immigrants are known as Minang . The Minangkabau language has several dialects, sometimes differing between nearby villages (e.g. separated by
490-466: Is an Austronesian language spoken by the Minangkabau of West Sumatra , the western part of Riau , South Aceh Regency , the northern part of Bengkulu and Jambi , also in several cities throughout Indonesia by migrated Minangkabau. The language is also a lingua franca along the western coastal region of the province of North Sumatra , and is even used in parts of Aceh , where the language
525-401: Is called Aneuk Jamee . Minangkabau is similar to Malay . The relationship between the languages is characterized in different ways. Some see Minangkabau as an early variety of Malay, while others think of Minangkabau as a distinct ( Malayic ) language. Minangkabau is one of a few languages that generally lacks verb forms and grammatical subject-object distinctions. Although Minangkabau
560-414: Is generally played at nagari ceremonies. Played by boys with 9 players. The equipment used is a ball made of woven rattan with a diameter of 15 cm. The game is played in an open field by making a circle with a diameter of 4.5 m. Then divided into 9 sectors by giving a sign. The players stand in their respective sectors and one in the middle divides the ball. Both receiving and giving the ball must be through
595-678: Is played by five to ten people by forming a circle in an open field, where the sports ball is played with the feet and certain techniques so that the ball moves from one player to another without falling to the ground. The raga ball is made from young coconut leaves or rattan bark which is woven by hand. The sport requires speed, agility and ball control. The tradition of sepak raga is found in various regions in Nusantara archipelago, including West Sumatra : sipak rago ; Riau and North Sumatra : rago tinggi ; Java : sepak tengkong ; Central Kalimantan : sepak sawut ; Sulawesi : paraga . It
630-400: Is starting to be abandoned by the community. Lately, the game of sepak rago has begun to be competed and many association football groups have started to appear. Paraga, Ma’raga, or A’raga is a traditional game from the Indonesian provinces of South Sulawesi . Paraga is usually played by men, given the complex movements of the paraga and is an agility training movement. At first glance,
665-588: Is still commonly spoken amongst the Minangkabau people, education specific to the culture in urbanizing locations is slowly being erased as it is deemed less and less important in West Sumatra. The Minangkabau language is deemed as "informal" in the urban regions of Padang , with the Indonesian language being preferred instead in formal institutions. Youth in the city will frequently use a mixture of conversational Minang and Indonesian slang . Minangkabau
700-441: Is the native language of the Minangkabau people of West Sumatra . There are approximately 5.5 million speakers of the language. It is also spoken in the western part of Riau , South Aceh Regency , the northern part of Bengkulu and Jambi . Along the western coastal region of North Sumatra , the language is also a lingua franca . The language is used and called Aneuk Jamee in parts of Aceh . Besides Indonesia, Minangkabau
735-676: The Shuttlecock Federation of Europe (S.F.E.) in Újszász, Hungary. After being invented in 2009, Chinese JJJ spread throughout China due to it using similar techniques to football. In June 2010, the First Beijing Invitational Tournament for JJJ was held, with players from more than 10 countries participating. In 2011, the first formal Chinese JJJ Championship was held in Shandong province, with other provinces planned to follow. In June 1961,
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#1732765554443770-732: The Veterinary Hospital Court, Penang with such a lively response although considered odd. From Penang and in 1946 also this netball has spread to Alor Star, to Kampung Baru in Kuala Lumpur and then to Singapore . Since that development team after team has been established and on 25 June 1960, the Malayan Football Federation was inaugurated at a conference pioneered by the Penang Football Association. The federation, which
805-513: The ball. The clothes that the paragons wear are called the Bela clothes, while the musicians wear closed suits. The paragons typically also wear bugis silk sarong or so-called lipa sabbe to complement their appearance. Usually, bright colored clothes will be chosen to attract the attention of the audience. Togetherness, strong determination, and mutual cooperation make the paraga players not just play. There are special values that are taught not only for
840-590: The creation of this method, it is undeniable that Penang is the original place where sepak raga started using nets which is now known as sepak takraw. To showcase for the first time this new way of playing, for the efforts of, among others, En. Mohamed bin Abdul Rahman, En. Abdul Hamid Mydin and En. Yacob Syed, in early 1946 a show game between the Jalan Hatin team and the Patanai Road team was held at
875-405: The elements that must be practiced in this sport is the balance that becomes the capital to process the ball in such a way. Especially in a compound movement formation that relies on teamwork so that the ball remains in their control. Pa'sapu or head belt that is characteristic of the clothes worn by paraga players. The head belt is covered with starch to keep it upright when the paraga players work
910-439: The game, such as trying to keep the shuttlecock in the air until an agreed number of kicks (e.g. 100) is reached, either alone or in a pair. In circle play, the aim may be simply to keep play going. In all but the most competitive formats, a skillful display is a key component of play. There are 2 informal games in Chinese JJJ games using the same middle net: "Team game" having 3 players on each side & "Half court game" using just
945-452: The paraga ball is almost similar to the takraw ball because of the shape of the ball and the ball material made of rattan. However, what makes the difference between Sepak Takraw and Paraga is that if the takraw balls are only arranged in one layer of rattan, the paraga balls are arranged in three layers. Usually in paraga there are six dancers and four music players. All of them have their respective duties to harmonize with one another. One of
980-541: The players but also for the audience. In the days of the Malacca Sultanate , in addition to being played by the nobility, commoners also fond of this game. According to Malay Annals , Raja Muhammad, prince of Sultan Mansor Shah Muhammad dated Tanjak due to exposure to kick the ball out of Tun Besar. In this millennium, the game of sepak takraw is very famous and well known, not only in Malaysia but also in other countries. Sepak takraw, also known as Sepak raga,
1015-518: The province of Jiangsu performed a demonstration at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. In Germany and other countries, people began to learn and play the sport, now called "shuttlecock". The International Shuttlecock Federation (ISF) was founded in 1999 and the first world championship was organized by Hungary in Újszász in 2000. Up until this point, various countries took turns organizing championships. The sport continues to receive recognition, and
1050-417: The shuttlecock from touching the ground. The duel kick has become popular among younger Chinese players, and uses "flat kick" techniques like goal shooting techniques in soccer. The "powerful flat kick" techniques are applied in Chinese games as a major attacking kill. Competitively, the government-run game is called "Hacky-Sack (jianqiu 毽球)" and is played on a rectangular court 6.10 by 11.88 meters, divided by
1085-473: The town of Tapan in southern West Sumatra province, is a recently discovered Malayan language which has been proposed as related to but not part of Minangkabau. Together, Tapan and Minangkabau would form a Greater Minangkabau subgroup. The two languages Tapan and Muko-Muko form a Lunangic subgroup within the Minangic (Greater Minangkabau) language group. The Minangic subgroup is characterized by
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1120-414: The villages (Nagari) in the afternoon to fill their spare time and as a means of entertainment. There is no standard assessment on this game, because this game is not contested. There is only an assessment of the player's skill in playing the ball so that it doesn't fall to the ground. Nowadays, this game can still be found in the suburbs of Padang and also in other areas in West Sumatra, but in urban areas it
1155-496: Was first established, has appointed Y. Bhg Tan Sri Khir Johari as the President. The immediate action taken by the federation was to enact and compile the existing netball laws at the time by a sub-committee consisting of representatives of the current PSM General Secretary. Minangkabau language Minangkabau (Minangkabau: Baso Minangkabau , Jawi script : بهاس منڠكربو ; Indonesian : Bahasa Minangkabau )
1190-579: Was included as a sport in the 2003 Southeast Asian Games and in the Chinese National Peasants' Games . Among the members of ISF are China, Taiwan, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands, Hungary, Laos, Vietnam, Greece, France, Romania, and Serbia. Vietnam is highly regarded, having won the world championship for ten consecutive years. On 11 August 2003, delegates from Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Romania, and Serbia founded
1225-510: Was popular during the Six Dynasties period and the Sui and Tang dynasties. The game is believed to have evolved from cuju , a game similar to football that was used as military training. Several ancient books have record of it being played. Over time, the game spread throughout Asia, acquiring a variety of names along the way. Jianzi came to Europe in 1936 when a Chinese athlete from
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