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45-748: Jinju was an ancient city of Goryeonggaya in the Gaya Era. This city was called 'Geoyeolseong' of Baekje during the Three Kingdom Era, and was called 'Geoyeolju', 'Cheongju', and 'Gangju' during the Unified Silla Era. Name of this city was changed into 'Jinju' for the first time in 940, the 23rd year of King Taejo of the Goryeo Dynasty . It became 'Jinju-mok', one of 12 moks (local administrative units in Goryeo and Joseon Dynasty) in

90-661: A dragon and went away. According to the Seongwollok ( 성원록 ; 聖源錄 ), quoted in the Goryeosa , the "dragon woman" was a daughter of Tu Ŭn-chŏm from Pyongju (modern-day Pyongsan County ). The story that Wang Kŏn was descended from either Suzong or Xuanzong was dismissed by the Joseon compilers of the Goryeosa . Modern historians believe that Wang Kŏn's ancestors were influential Goguryeoic hojoks (lords) that conducted maritime trade with China for generations. According to

135-543: A seafood pajeon is called haemul pajeon (해물파전). Various seafood are used in the batter and toppings, e.g., oysters , shrimp , squid , clams . Dongnae pajeon is named after Dongnaesung (동래성), a former fortress in the Joseon Dynasty and now a district in the city of Busan . Dongnae was a prominent battleground during the Imjin War and legend says the people of Dongnae threw scallions while defeating

180-930: A spectacle of lanterns floating on the Nam River to commemorate the patriotic spirit of the 70,000 militia corps and government troops who died for their country defending Jinju from the Japanese forces during the Imjin War (1592–1598). Other major festivals include: the Nongae Festival, the Korea Drama Festival, the Gaecheon Arts Festival and the Jinju National Bullfighting Contest. The Nongae Festival, held in May each year commemorates and celebrates

225-596: A strike with 5,000 cavalrymen to attack Kyon's troops on the way back home at Gongsan near Daegu in the Battle of Gongsan. He met the Later Baekje army and suffered a disastrous defeat, losing most of his army including his generals Kim Nak and Sin Sung-gyom , the very same man who crowned Wang as a king. According to the legend, Taejo and Sin Sung-gyom exchanged their armor so that the king would be able to escape

270-541: A successful campaign against local clans and the army of Later Baekje in the Chungju area, gaining more fame and recognition from the king. In 903, he led a famous naval campaign against the southwestern coastline of Later Baekje at Keumsung, later Naju, while Kyon Hwon was at war against Silla. He led several more military campaigns, and also helped conquered people who lived in poverty under Silla rule. The public favored him due to his leadership and generosity. In 913, he

315-460: Is 'squid jeon'. Pajeon is usually recognizable by the highly visible scallions . It is similar to a Chinese scallion pancake in appearance; however, unlike the Chinese dish (but like Western pancakes ), it is made from a liquid batter and thus has a lighter texture. It is made by placing jjokpa scallions parallel on a hot pan with vegetable oil, pan-frying them, then ladling onto them

360-534: Is a result of the combination of natural resources (such as clean water of Mt. Jirisan and so on) and human resources. Silk factories in Jinju annually produce around 70% of the nation's production. Jinju silk has a soft, refined feeling and elegant colors because of superior dyeing techniques. Jinju is an educational city and home to Gyeongsang National University and Chinju National University of Education , Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology . It

405-447: Is a variety of jeon with scallion as its prominent ingredient, as pa ( 파 ) means scallion . It is a Korean dish made from a batter of eggs , wheat flour , rice flour , scallions , and often other ingredients depending on the variety. Beef , pork , kimchi , shellfish , and other seafood are mostly used. If one of these ingredients, such as squid , dominates the jeon, the name will reflect that; e.g. ojing'eo jeon (오징어전)

450-440: Is also home to International University of Korea , catering mostly to foreign students. It also has a number of community colleges that serve the local area. Jinju's high schools offer high quality education and have a wide catchment area, reaching beyond the city limits to attract students from surrounding towns such as Sacheon , Hadong , and Sancheong . Universities Jinju was named as one of several 'enterprise cities' by

495-699: Is one of 5 thermal power subsidiaries: Nambu (Southern) Thermal in Busan, Dongseo Thermal in Ulsan, Seobu (Western) in Taean, Jungbu (Central) in Boryeong, Chungnam of Korea Monopoly Utility Co. of the giant Kepco in Naju of Gwangju metro head office. The main highway in Jinju is National Highway 10 or Namhae Expressway . The closest airports to Jinju are Sacheon Airport (domestic) and Gimhae International Airport . Jinju

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540-428: Is recognized as Korea's oldest bullfighting event and spectators can witness a test of strength at this bullfighting contest held at a purpose-built traditional Korean sports arena near Jinyang lake. The 2023 Asian Weightlifting Championships was held in Jinju. At just over a third of a million, Jinju is a relatively small city by Korean standards. The annual growth of the population is 0.4% since 1995. People between

585-465: Is served by passenger rail service at Jinju Station along the Gyeongjeon Line . Jinju is twinned with: Taejo of Goryeo Taejo ( Korean :  태조 ; Hanja :  太祖 ; 31 January 877 – 4 July 943), personal name Wang Kŏn ( 왕건 ; 王建 ), also known as Taejo Wang Kŏn ( 태조 왕건 ; 太祖 王建 ; lit.  'Great Progenitor Wang Kŏn'), was the founder of

630-639: The Gaoli tujing (c. early 12th century) written by the Song dynasty envoy Xu Jing, Wang Kŏn's ancestors were Goguryeo nobility. According to Jang Deokho, his ancestors were Goguryeo refugees who settled around Songak, accumulating great wealth through maritime trade and gaining control of the region, including the Ryesong River . During the Later Silla period, the northern regions, including Songak, were

675-645: The Goryeo Dynasty of Korea . He ruled from 918 to 943, achieving unification of the Later Three Kingdoms in 936. Wang Kŏn was born in 877 to a powerful maritime merchant family of Goguryeo descent based in Songak (modern Kaesong ) as the eldest son of Wang Ryung . According to the Pyeonnyeon tongnok ( 편년통록 ; 編年通錄 ), quoted in the Goryeosa , Wang Kŏn's grandfather Chakchegon

720-466: The Goryeosa , in 918, the ancient capital of Pyongyang had been in ruins for a long time and foreign barbarians were using the surrounding lands as hunting grounds and occasionally raiding the borders of Goryeo; therefore, in his first year as king, Wang Kŏn ordered his subjects to repopulate the ancient capital, and soon sent his cousin Wang Sing-nyŏm to defend it. Afterward, he decreed Pyongyang as

765-566: The 2nd year of King Seongjong (983). The second siege of Jinju during the Japanese invasion of Korea ended in the massacre of the entire garrison and a substantial portion of the population. Korean accounts mention that the death toll at Jinju was 60,000. According to Japanese accounts, they had sent 20,000 heads back to Japan after their victory. In the 33rd year of King Gojong of the Joseon Dynasty (1896), administrative district of

810-648: The Khitans as revenge for the destruction of Balhae, according to the Zizhi Tongjian . Furthermore, in his Ten Mandates to his descendants, he stated that the Khitans are no different from beasts and should be guarded against. The unification of the Later Three Kingdoms in 936 was very important in Korean history; the unification of 668 CE by Silla was only a unification of approximately half of

855-746: The South Korean government which had supported Jinju as a hub of bio-industrial technological innovation since December 2000. The government provided 5 billion won in support from 2000 to 2004 for biological and chemical material industries. There are 618 manufacturing companies (11,806 employees), 1 local industrial complex and 4 rural industrial complexes as part of an integrated urban and rural city. Jinju Hyeoksin Dosi (New Innovation City) established by President Roh Moo-hyun with headquarters of vast LH Corporation (State-run Land & Housing corp Toji Jutaek gongsa) and Namdong Thermal Power. Namdong Thermal Power

900-486: The Western Capital. He also sought alliances and cooperation with local clans rather than trying to conquer and bring them under his direct control. In 927, Kyon Hwon of Later Baekje led his forces into Silla's capital, Gyeongju , capturing and executing its king, King Gyeongae . Then he established King Gyeongsun as his puppet monarch before he turned his army toward Goryeo. Hearing of the news, Taejo planned

945-409: The ages of 20 and 29 represent 17.5% of the city's total population, and justify the city's long-standing reputation as an educational city. The senior population (65 years or older), representing 7.6% of the city's total population, is higher than the provincial average (6.8%). Gang Se-hwang (son of Kang Hyeon), a high ranking government official and representative painter, calligrapher and art critic,

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990-412: The banks of the Nam River. Gaecheon Arts Festival is annually held from October 3 to 10 and the entire city turns to the streets for celebration at Korea's first provincial culture art festival, which awakens the artistic spirit of the Korean people. The festival falls around Gaecheonjeol (National Foundation Day) and is widely regarded as one of Korea's finest. The Jinju National Bullfighting Contest

1035-438: The batter made by mixing wheat flour, water, soybean paste , and sugar. The pancake is turned over when the bottom holds together and is golden-brown. It is usually served with a dipping sauce made of soy sauce. Some varieties of pajeon , with the shape of scallions preserved as in dongnae pajeon are typical jeon . Some other varieties, with the scallions cut and mixed into the batter, are closer to buchimgae . In Korean,

1080-731: The battle and fled to Apsan Mountain, he left many place names related to him in Daegu. However, Goryeo quickly recovered from defeat and successfully defended Later Baekje's attack on its front. In 935, the last king of Silla, King Gyeongsun, felt there was no way to revive his kingdom and surrendered his entire land to Taejo. Taejo gladly accepted his surrender and gave him the title of prince, and accepted his first cousin as his fifth wife and queen (Wang had six queens, and many more wives as he married daughters of every single local leader). In turn, King Gyeonsun married King Taejo's eldest daughter, Princess Nakrang , whose daughter also intermarried into

1125-479: The battlefield. While Wang Kŏn escaped the battlefield, Sin and the remaining army fought bravely against the Later Baekje army. But eventually his army was routed and in the woods Sin was shot with arrows and was killed by the enemy. Taejo escaped from this mountain and fled alone to the mountain Apsan  [ ko ] , and he spent a few days hiding in a large cave at the peak of Apsan. While Taejo retreated from

1170-449: The far northwestern part of Silla, where Songdo was located. Taejo's father, Wang Ryung, along with many local clans, quickly surrendered to Kung Ye. Wang Kŏn followed his father into service under Kung Ye , the future leader of Taebong , and he began his service under Kung Ye's command. Wang Kŏn's ability as a military commander was soon recognized by Kung Ye, who promoted him to general and even regarded him as his brother. In 900, he led

1215-483: The later years of Silla , many local leaders and bandits rebelled against the rule of Queen Jinseong , who did not have strong and wise enough leadership or policies to improve the poor condition of the people. Among those rebels, Kung Ye of the northwestern region and Kyŏn Hwŏn of the southwest gained more power. They defeated and absorbed many of the other rebel groups as their troops marched against local Silla officials and bandits. In 895, Kung Ye led his forces into

1260-488: The later years of Silla. After the destruction of Balhae by the Khitans in 926, Balhae's last crown prince and much of its ruling class sought refuge in Goryeo, where they were warmly welcomed and included into the ruling family by Taejo, thus uniting the two successor nations of Goguryeo . Taejo felt a strong familial kinship with Balhae, calling it his "Relative Country" and "Married Country", and protected Balhae refugees, many of whom were also of Goguryeo origin. This

1305-423: The nation for the second time since Unified Silla ; he ruled until 943, and died from disease. Taejo sought to bring even his enemies into his ruling coalition. He gave titles and land to rulers and nobles from the various countries he had defeated: Later Baekje, Silla, and also Balhae , which disintegrated around the same time. Thus he sought to secure stability and unity for his kingdom which had been lacking in

1350-469: The nation was reorganized with 13 provinces. At that time Jinju began to belong to Gyeongsangnam-do, and became capital town of Gyeongsangnam-do. And provincial governor started to reside in Jinju. On April 1, 1925, Busan replaced Jinju as provincial capital. On August 15, 1948, the government of the Republic of Korea was established and 'the local self-government system' was started. At that time, Jinju-bu

1395-483: The next day, the generals installed Wang Kŏn as the new king. Taejo renamed the kingdom Goryeo , thus beginning the Goryeo Dynasty. The next year he moved the capital back to his hometown, Gaegyeong. He promoted Buddhism as Goryeo's national religion, and laid claim to the northern parts of the Korean Peninsula and Manchuria, which he considered his rightful legacy as the successor of Goguryeo. According to

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1440-460: The night of July 24, 918, four top-ranked generals of Taebong— Hong Yu (홍유; 洪儒 ), Pae Hyŏn-gyŏng (배현경; 裵玄慶 ), Sin Sung-gyŏm and Pok Chigyŏm (복지겸; 卜智謙 )—met secretly and agreed to overthrow Kung Ye's rule and crown Wang Kŏn as their new king. Wang Kŏn first opposed the idea but later agreed to their plan. Kung Ye was overthrown in a coup and killed near the capital, Cheorwon . On the sunrise of

1485-568: The numerous restaurants overlooking the Nam River. Enjoying their food spicy, Jinjuites have also perfected a spicey pepper ( ttaengcho ) version of the popular Korean side dish pajeon (scallion pancake) known by its colloquial name jijimi . This is best enjoyed with a bowl of local rice wine makkeolli . Cheonhwang Sikdang , founded here in 1927, is among the oldest active restaurants in South Korea . Since ancient days, silk processed in Jinju has been known for its superior quality, which

1530-474: The people of the Korean Peninsula thereafter remained under a single, unified state until 1948, when Korea was divided into north and south by Soviets and U.S. forces. The modern name of "Korea" is derived from the name "Goryeo," which itself is derived from "Goguryeo," to whose heritage (and by extension, territory) Wang Kŏn and his new kingdom laid claim. As the first ruler to more fully unite

1575-499: The people of the Korean Peninsula under a single state, many modern-day Koreans look to his example for applicability to the current state of division on the Korean Peninsula. During the early Goryeo dynasty, the title of taeja ( 태자 ; 太子 ) was only a peerage title for sons of the king; a separate title existed for the heir apparent called the jeongyun ( 정윤 ; 正尹 ). Pajeon Pajeon ( Korean :  파전 , Korean pronunciation: [pʰa.dʑʌn] )

1620-448: The peoples of the Korean Peninsula and its vicinity (who at the time largely considered themselves one people divided among many states), since the northern part was ruled by Balhae, which asserted itself as a reincarnation of Goguryeo. However, Wang Kŏn's unification in 936 was a more complete unification (in which only a single state emerged among the people, as opposed to the 7th century, when two, Unified Silla and Balhae , emerged);

1665-553: The royal Wang clan through her marriage with King Gyeongjong ; the grandson of King Taejo and Queen Sinmyeong. It caused much disgust to Kyon Hwon. Kyon's father, Ajagae , who held his own claim to the Sangju region, also defected and surrendered to Goryeo and was received as the father of a king. In the same year, Kyon Hwon's oldest son, Kyŏn Sin-gŏm , led a coup with his brothers Yang-gŏm and Yong-gŏm, against their father, who favored their half-brother, Kŭm-gang, as his successor to

1710-416: The sacrifice of the patriotic gisaeng (professional Korean entertainer) Nongae 's suicide-assassination of a Japanese general together with the 70,000 Koreans who lost their lives in the battle of Jinju Castle during the Imjin War . The festival features an emotional reenactment of Nongae's suicidal drowning of a Japanese general from uiam bawi (righteous rock) below Chokseongnu (Jinju castle pavilion) on

1755-461: The strongholds of Goguryeo refugees, and Wang Kŏn's hometown of Songak would become the original capital of Later Goguryeo in 901. According to a document created during the reign of King Uijong of Goryeo , the Sillan monk Doseon prophesied that Wang Kŏn would rise to power and become king after visiting Wang Kŏn's father. Wang Kŏn began his career in the turbulent Later Three Kingdoms . In

1800-405: The throne. Kyon Hwon was sent into exile and imprisoned in the temple of Geumsansa , but escaped to Goryeo and was treated like Taejo's father, who died just before his surrender. In 936, Wang led his final campaign against Sin-gom of Later Baekje. Sin-gom fought against Taejo, but facing much disadvantage and inner conflict, he surrendered to Taejo. Wang finally conquered Later Baekje, and unified

1845-493: Was appointed as prime minister of the newly renamed Taebong. Its king, Kung Ye, whose leadership helped found the kingdom but who began to refer to himself as the Buddha, began to persecute people who expressed their opposition against his religious arguments. He executed many monks, then later even his own wife and two sons, and the public began to turn away from him. His costly rituals and harsh rule caused even more opposition. In

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1890-435: Was born here in 1713. Jinju has a number of distinctive local delicacies which reflect the tastes of Jinju people. Perhaps most celebrated is Jinju bibimbap , which distinguishes itself from the common Korean rice and vegetable dish by its use of yukhoe , made with raw beef and generous amounts of sesame oil. Also famous is Namgang (Nam River) grilled eel ( minmul jangeo ), which is caught locally and served in any one of

1935-429: Was in strong contrast to Later Silla, which had endured a hostile relationship with Balhae. Taejo displayed strong animosity toward the Khitans who had destroyed Balhae. The Liao dynasty sent 30 envoys with 50 camels as a gift in 942, but he exiled the envoys and starved the camels under a bridge in retribution for Balhae, despite the major diplomatic repercussions. Taejo proposed to Gaozu of Later Jìn that they attack

1980-705: Was raised to Jinju-si (city) and started to have mayor of the city. On January 1, 1995, in accordance with 'the Law pertaining to the establishment of Urban-Rural Integrated City', Jinju-si and Jinyang-gun became extinct and were merged into one integrated Jinju-si (city). There are cultural events held in Jinju every year. Among these are the Jinju Namgang Lantern Festival which is held in October for approximately ten days. This nationally designated cultural tourism festival, found only in Jinju, features

2025-610: Was the son of Emperor Suzong of Tang . According to the Encyclopedia of Korean Culture and the Doosan Encyclopedia , this is hagiographical. The Pyeonnyeon tongnok (c. late 12th century) said: While on a sea voyage to meet his father, Emperor Suzong of the Tang dynasty, 16-year-old Chakchegon encountered a dragon king, slayed a shape-shifting fox, and married a dragon woman; the dragon woman later transformed into

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