85-614: Jinnah House , also known as the South Court Mansion , is an unoccupied house in Malabar Hill , a premium neighbourhood of the city of Mumbai in India associated with Muhammad Ali Jinnah , the founder and first governor-general of Pakistan , and his family . It was built by Jinnah and remained his main residence for 10 years until he left in 1946 for Karachi . The bungalow was built by Muhammad Ali Jinnah in 1936 at
170-498: A Bachelor's degree in his class of 29th PMA Long Course together with Ali Kuli Khan and his lifelong friend Abdul Aziz Mirza. He was commissioned in the artillery regiment as second lieutenant and posted near the Indo-Pakistan border. During this time in the artillery regiment, Musharraf maintained his close friendship and contact with Mirza through letters and telephones even in difficult times when Mirza, after joining
255-583: A television interview given in 2001, Musharraf openly spoke about the negative role of a few high-ranking officers in the Pakistan Armed Forces in state's affairs . Musharraf labelled many of his senior professors at NDU as "pseudo-intellectuals", including the NDU 's notable professors, General Aslam Beg and Jehangir Karamat under whom Musharraf studied and served well. The Military Police held former prime minister Sharif under house arrest at
340-541: A European family who would appreciate the architecture. Nehru acceded to Jinnah's request and offered him a monthly rent of three thousand rupees. Unfortunately, Jinnah died in September 1948 before the deal could be finalised. As a personal favour to Jinnah, Nehru did not declare the property an Enemy Property . In 1955, in a Cabinet speech he suggested it be given to the Government of Pakistan , but could not gain
425-573: A bachelor's degree in English literature. She then married and devoted herself to raising a family. His father, Syed, was an accountant who worked at the foreign office in the British Indian government and eventually became an accounting director. Musharraf was the second of three children, all boys. His elder brother, Javed Musharraf, based in Rome , is an economist and one of the directors of
510-618: A bungalow in Delhi on the erstwhile Aurangzeb Road (now called "APJ Abdul Kalam Road") which has currently been leased to the Dutch Consulate. Designed by architect Claude Batley in the European-style architecture, the sea-facing palatial bungalow was constructed using exquisite Italian marble and walnut woodwork. Specially imported Italian stonemasons were employed for its construction with Jinnah personally supervising
595-732: A coup after the Kargil conflict. Sharif was placed in Adiala Jail, infamous for hosting Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's trial, and his leading defence lawyer, Iqbal Raad, was shot dead in Karachi in mid-March. Sharif's defence team blamed the military for intentionally providing their lawyers with inadequate protection. The court proceedings were widely accused of being a show trial . Sources from Pakistan claimed that Musharraf and his military government's officers were in full mood to exercise tough conditions on Sharif, and intended to send Nawaz Sharif to
680-575: A dog named Whiskey that gave him a "lifelong love for dogs". He played sports in his youth. In 1956, he left Turkey and returned to Pakistan in 1957 where he attended Saint Patrick's School in Karachi and was accepted at the Forman Christian College University in Lahore. At Forman, Musharraf chose mathematics as a major in which he excelled academically, but later developed an interest in economics. In 1961, at
765-516: A dorm with the admiral in the 1960s and they graduated together from the academy) was appointed by Prime minister Nawaz Sharif, Mirza remained extremely supportive of Musharraf's coup and was also a close friend of Musharraf since 1971 when both participated in a joint operation against the Indian Army . After Mirza's retirement, Musharraf appointed Admiral Shahid Karimullah, with whom Musharraf had trained together in special forces schools during
850-558: A fallout between Musharraf and Sharif, Sharif officially certified Musharraf's remaining two years of his term on 30 September. Musharraf left for a weekend trip to take part in Sri Lanka's Army 's 50th-anniversary celebrations. When Pervez Musharraf was returning from his visit to Colombo his flight was denied landing permissions at Karachi International Airport on orders from the Prime Minister's office. Upon hearing
935-489: A government guesthouse and opened his Lahore home to the public in late October 1999. He was formally indicted in November on charges of hijacking, kidnapping, attempted murder, and treason for preventing Musharraf's flight from landing at Karachi airport on the day of the coup. His trial began in early March 2000 in an anti-terrorism court, which is designed for speedy trials. He testified Musharraf began preparations of
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#17327810889681020-632: A group of peace activists from Mumbai and Karachi . Malabar Hill Malabar Hill is an affluent residential area in Mumbai . It is home to several business tycoons and film personalities. Muhammad Ali Jinnah . the founder of Pakistan , had built and lived in a bungalow, called South Court , in Malabir Hill. Prominent landmarks include the South Court mansion of the Jinnah family ,
1105-590: A part of it was given to the Indian Council for Cultural Relations to be used for cultural activities. In March 2005, India's Minister of State for External Affairs, E. Ahamed reiterated that the house would remain a cultural centre. Pakistan had since 1979 requested that India sell the property, or at least lease it to its government as a tribute to its founder in order to convert it into their Consulate. Though P. V. Narasimha Rao , India's foreign minister in 1980, agreed in principle to lease Jinnah House as
1190-695: A proceeding in Supreme Court regarding the suspension of the writ of the constitution in 2007. In 2014, Musharraf was declared an " absconder " in the Bugti and Bhutto assassination cases by virtue of moving to Dubai due to failing health. Finally in 2019, the Special Court found Musharraf of guilty of violating the constitution in 2007, and upheld a verdict that sentenced him to death in absentia . Musharraf died at age 79 in Dubai in 2023 after
1275-562: A prolonged case of amyloidosis . His legacy is seen as mixed; his time in power saw the emergence of a more assertive middle class, but his open disregard for civilian institutions greatly weakened democracy and the state of Pakistan. Musharraf was born on 11 August 1943 to an Urdu-speaking family in Delhi, British India, the son of Syed Musharrafuddin and his wife Begum Zarin Musharraf ( c. 1920 –2021). His family were Muslims who were also Sayyids , claiming descent from
1360-534: A rapid rate. The Musharraf presidency also suffered with containing the religiously-motivated terrorism , violence , tribal nationalism, and the fundamentalism . His presidency was also accused of violating the basic rights granted in the constitution . In 2007, he attempted to seized the control of the Supreme Court by approving the relieve of the Chief Justice of Pakistan , and later suspended
1445-674: A secret meeting at the Pakistani embassy in Washington, D.C. , with officials from the Mossad and a special envoy of Israeli premier Yitzhak Rabin . It was during this time Musharraf built an extremely cordial relationship with Shaukat Aziz who, at that time, was serving as the executive president of global financial services of the Citibank . After the collapse of the fractious Afghan government, Musharraf assisted General Babar and
1530-651: A then exorbitant price of 2 Lakh (200,000) rupees . This was after Jinnah returned to Bombay from England to take charge of the Muslim League . The bungalow is located at 2, Bhausaheb Hirey Marg (formerly Mount Pleasant Rd) in Malabar Hill , South Mumbai . It is situated near the current residence of the Chief Minister of Maharashtra . Jinnah lived in the house till Partition of India in 1947, after which he moved to Karachi in Pakistan. He also had
1615-897: A two-star promotion, elevating him to the rank of major general and held the command of 40th Division as its GOC , stationed in Okara Military District in Punjab Province . In 1993–95, Major-General Musharraf worked closely with the Chief of Army Staff as Director-General of Pakistan Army's Directorate General for the Military Operations (DGMO). During this time, Musharraf became close to engineering officer and director-general of ISI lieutenant-general Javed Nasir and had worked with him while directing operations in Bosnian war . His political philosophy
1700-436: A valuable impact at RCDS. His country is fortunate to have the services of a man of his undeniable quality." He graduated with a master's degree from RCDS and returned to Pakistan soon after. Upon returning in the 1980s, Musharraf took an interest in the emerging Pakistani rock music genre, and often listened to rock music after leaving duty. During that decade, regarded as the time when rock music in Pakistan began, Musharraf
1785-515: Is indicative of "the family's western education and social prominence" that the house's title deeds, although written entirely in Urdu, were signed by Musharraf's father in English. Musharraf was four years old when India achieved independence and Pakistan was created as the homeland for India's Muslims. His family left for Pakistan in August 1947, a few days before independence. His father joined
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#17327810889681870-791: The Chief Minister of Maharashtra 's Bungalow , Government Guest House Sahyadri, official residences of VVIP state officials and additionally the Hanging Gardens , Jain Temple and Banganga Tank . Other notable residents include Radhakishan Damani . Malabar Hill is the location of the Walkeshwar Temple , founded by the Silhara kings . The original temple was destroyed by the Portuguese, but rebuilt again in 1715 by Rama Kamath , and by 1860, 10 to 20 other temples were built in
1955-572: The Imtiazi Sanad medal for gallantry. Shortly after the end of the War of 1965, he joined the elite Special Service Group (SSG) . He served in the SSG from 1966 to 1972. He was promoted to captain and to major during this period. During the 1971 war with India, he was a company commander of an SSG commando battalion. During the 1971 war he was scheduled to depart to East Pakistan to join
2040-669: The Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) in devising a policy of supporting the newly formed Taliban in the Afghan civil war against the Northern Alliance government. On policy issues, Musharraf befriended senior justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan Justice Rafiq Tarar (later president) and held common beliefs with the latter. His last military field operations posting was in the Mangla region of
2125-597: The International Fund for Agricultural Development . His younger brother, Naved Musharraf, is an anaesthesiologist based in the state of Illinois , in the United States. At the time of his birth, Musharraf's family lived in a large home that belonged to his father's family for many years called Nehar Wali Haveli , which means "House Next to the Canal". Sir Syed Ahmed Khan 's family lived next door. It
2210-636: The Islamic prophet Muhammad . Syed Musharraf graduated from Aligarh Muslim University and entered the civil service , which was an extremely prestigious career under British rule . He came from a long line of government officials as his great-grandfather was a tax collector while his maternal grandfather was a qazi (judge). Musharraf's mother Zarin, born in the early 1920s, grew up in Lucknow and received her schooling there, after which she graduated from Indraprastha College at Delhi University , taking
2295-534: The Kashmir Province in 1995 when Benazir Bhutto approved the promotion of Musharraf to three-star rank, Lieutenant-General . Between 1995 and 1998, Lieutenant-General Musharraf was the corps commander of I Strike Corps (CC-1) stationed in Mangla, Mangla Military District . There were three lieutenant-generals potentially in line to succeed General Jehangir Karamat as chief of army staff. Musharraf
2380-539: The Legal Framework Order No. 2002 , which added numerous amendments to the Constitution . Musharraf called for nationwide political elections in the country after accepting the ruling of the Supreme Court of Pakistan. Musharraf was the first military president to accept the rulings of the Supreme Court and holding free and fair elections in 2002, part of his vision to return democratic rule to
2465-723: The Navy Special Service Group , was stationed in East-Pakistan . His first battlefield experience was with an artillery regiment during the intense fighting for the Khemkaran sector in the Second Kashmir War . He also participated in the Lahore and Sialkot war zones during the conflict. During the war, Musharraf developed a reputation for sticking to his post under shellfire. He received
2550-726: The Pakistan Civil Services and began to work for the Pakistani government ; later, his father joined the Foreign Ministry , taking up an assignment in Turkey . In his autobiography In the Line of Fire: A Memoir , Musharraf elaborates on his first experience with death, after falling off a mango tree. Musharraf's family moved to Ankara in 1949, when his father became part of a diplomatic deputation from Pakistan to Turkey. He learned to speak Turkish . He had
2635-528: The Parliament , Musharraf voluntarily transferred the powers of chief executive to Prime Minister Zafarullah Khan Jamali. Musharraf succeeded to pass the XVII amendment , which grants powers to dissolve the parliament, with approval required from the Supreme Court. Within two years, Jamali proved to be an ineffective prime minister as he forcefully implemented his policies in the country and caused problems with
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2720-911: The Royal College of Defence Studies (RCDS) in Britain during 1990–91. His course-mates included Major-generals B. S. Malik and Ashok Mehta of the Indian Army, and Ali Kuli Khan of Pakistan Army. In his course studies, Musharraf performed extremely in relation to his classmates, submitted his master's degree thesis, titled "Impact of Arm Race in the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent", and earned good remarks. He submitted his thesis to Commandant General Antony Walker who regarded Musharraf as one of his finest students he had seen in his entire career. At one point, Walker described Musharraf: "A capable, articulate and extremely personable officer, who made
2805-655: The army-navy joint military operations, but the deployment was cancelled after Indian Army advances towards Southern Pakistan . Musharraf was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1974; and to colonel in 1978. As staff officer in the 1980s, he studied political science at the National Defence University (NDU), and then briefly tenured as assistant professor of war studies at the Command and Staff College and then assistant professor of political science also at NDU. One of his professors at NDU
2890-589: The chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff by prime minister Nawaz Sharif in 1998. He was the leading war strategist in the Kargil infiltration that brought India and Pakistan to a brink of war in 1999. When prime minister Sharif unsuccessfully attempted to dismiss general Musharraf from his command assignments, the Army GHQ took over the control of the civilian government, which allowed him to control
2975-409: The gallows to face a similar fate to that of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in 1979. It was the pressure on Musharraf exerted by Saudi Arabia and the United States to exile Sharif after it was confirmed that the court is about to give its verdict on Nawaz Sharif over treason charges, and the court would sentence Sharif to death. Sharif signed an agreement with Musharraf and his military government and his family
3060-460: The social liberalism under his enlightened moderation program; and on economic front, the privatization and economic liberalization was aggressively pursued though the Aziz's premiership that sharply rose the overall gross domestic product (GDP). Without the meaningful reforms and the continued banned on the trade unions , the decline of social security , and the economic inequality rose at
3145-464: The 18th Amendment, which restored the powers of the Prime Minister and reduced the role of the President to levels below that of even the pre-Musharraf era. He suspended the country's democratic process and imposed two states of emergency, leading to his conviction for treason. During his rule, he implemented both liberal reforms and authoritarian measures, while also forming alliances and impacting
3230-725: The 1960s, to four-star rank and chief of naval staff. Musharraf's first foreign visit was to Saudi Arabia on 26 October where he met with King Fahd . After meeting senior Saudi royals, the next day he went to Medina and performed Umrah in Mecca . On 28 October, he went to the United Arab Emirates before returning home. By the end of October, Musharraf appointed many technocrats and bureaucrats in his Cabinet, including former Citibank executive Shaukat Aziz as Finance Minister and Abdul Sattar as Foreign Minister . In early November, he released details of his assets to
3315-507: The 27-storey, billion-dollar tower in Mumbai, owned by India's second richest and the world's tenth-richest person Mukesh Ambani , the chairman of Reliance Industries. Buses only started serving this area during World War II . South Court (informally known as the ' Jinnah House '), the former residence of Mohammad Ali Jinnah , founder of Pakistan is also present here, but is closed to public due to property disputes. Also of note in
3400-488: The English cricketer who captained England during the Bodyline tour of Australia in 1932-33. Pervez Musharraf [REDACTED] Pervez Musharraf (11 August 1943 – 5 February 2023) was a Pakistani military officer and politician who served as the tenth president of Pakistan from 2001 to 2008. Prior to his career in politics, he was a four-star general and appointed as the chief of Army Staff and, later,
3485-730: The General Manager of Central Railway (erstwhile Great Indian Peninsula Railway ) are located here. An unhindered view of Back Bay , with the Girgaon Chowpatty beach in the foreground, and the Nariman Point skyline in the background is one of the reasons for the high real estate prices. In January 2012, Maheshwari House was (partly) sold to industrialist Sajjan Jindal of Jindal Steel for 400 crores. The most expensive private residence lies just outside Malabar Hill on Altamount Road off Pedder Road, namely Antilia ,
Jinnah House - Misplaced Pages Continue
3570-732: The Kargil operation have become public. Before the operation, between January and March, Sharif was briefed about the operation in three separate meetings. In January, the army briefed him about the Indian troop movement along the LOC in Skardu on 29 January 1999, on 5 February at Kel, on 12 March at the GHQ, and finally on 17 May at the ISI headquarters. During the end of the June DCC meeting, a tense Sharif turned to
3655-497: The Line of Fire , published in 2006. With his friends, Musharraf passed the standardised, physical, psychological, and officer-training exams, he also took discussions involving socioeconomics issues; all three were interviewed by joint military officers who were designated as Commandants. The next day, Musharraf along with PQ Mehdi and Mirza, reported to PMA and they were selected for their respective training in their arms of commission. Finally, in 1964, Musharraf graduated with
3740-453: The Malabar Hill district, there is a cremation ground that sits near the sea which is home to the samadhi shrines of several famous Indian saints. Notably among them is the samadhi shrine of the guru of Shri Nisargadatta Maharaj, who was Shri Siddharameshwar Maharaj, as well as the samadhi shrine of his devoted disciple Shri Ranjit Maharaj. Notable people born in Malabar Hill include singer-songwriter Jaimin Rajani and Douglas Jardine ,
3825-406: The US Army, all of whom were premier four-star generals. The Pakistan Army originally conceived the Kargil plan after the Siachen conflict but the plan was rebuffed repeatedly by senior civilian and military officials. Musharraf was a leading strategist behind the Kargil Conflict. From March to May 1999, he ordered secret infiltration of forces into the Kargil district . After India discovered
3910-399: The age of 18, Musharraf entered the Pakistan Military Academy at Kakul . At the Academy, General Musharraf formed a deep friendship with General Srilal Weerasooriya , who went on to become the 15th Commander of the Sri Lankan Army. This enduring camaraderie between the two officers played a pivotal role in cultivating robust diplomatic and military ties between Pakistan and Sri Lanka in
3995-430: The airport control tower . At 2:50 am on 13 October, Musharraf addressed the nation with a recorded message. Musharraf met with President Rafiq Tarar on 13 October to deliberate on legitimising the coup. On 15 October, Musharraf ended emerging hopes of a quick transition to democracy after he declared a state of emergency, suspended the Constitution and assumed power as Chief Executive. He also quickly purged
4080-502: The announcement of Nawaz Sharif replacing Pervez Musharraf with Khwaja Ziauddin , the third replacement of the top military commander of the country in less than two years, local military commanders began to mobilise troops towards Islamabad from nearby Rawalpindi . The military placed Sharif under house arrest, but in a last-ditch effort Sharif privately ordered Karachi air traffic controllers to redirect Musharraf's flight to India. The plan failed after soldiers in Karachi surrounded
4165-399: The army chief and said "you should have told me earlier", Musharraf pulled out his notebook and repeated the dates and contents of around seven briefings he had given him since the beginning of January. Military officials from Musharraf's Joint Staff Headquarters (JS HQ) met with regional corps commanders three times in late September in anticipation of a possible coup. To quieten rumours of
4250-561: The business class elites. Musharraf accepted the resignation of Jamali and asked his close colleague Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain to appoint a new prime minister in place. Hussain nominated Finance minister Shaukat Aziz, who had been impressive due to his performance as finance minister in 1999. Musharraf regarded Aziz as his right hand and preferable choice for the office of Prime minister. With Aziz appointed as Prime minister, Musharraf transferred all executive powers to Aziz as he trusted Shaukat Aziz. Aziz proved to be extremely capable in running
4335-498: The construction "brick by brick". The property encompasses an area of 10,000 square metres (2.5 acres). The bungalow, with its pointed arches and impressive columns, is currently in a dilapidated state, and much of the walnut panelling has rotted. During 1941, it was speculated that the house was to be sold to the Dalmia family for 20 Lakh rupees. Upon receiving a query by his daughter Dina Wadia on this, Jinnah himself dismissed this purported sale as "wild rumour". The historic building
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#17327810889684420-453: The country. His cultural policies liberalised Pakistan's media , and he issued many television licences to the private-sector to open television centres and media houses. The television dramas , film industry , theatre , music and literature activities, were personally encouraged by Pervez Musharraf. Under his policies, the rock music bands gained a following in the country and many concerts were held each week. His cultural policies,
4505-478: The country. In October 2002, Pakistan held general elections , which the pro-Musharraf PML-Q won wide margins, although it had failed to gain an absolute majority. The PML-Q formed a government with far-right religious parties coalition, the MMA and the liberals MQM ; the coalition legitimised Musharraf's rule. After the elections, the PML-Q nominated Zafarullah Khan Jamali for the office of prime minister, which Musharraf also approved. After first session at
4590-474: The elements of army operations in the Kargil region. During the last meeting with the Prime minister, Musharraf faced grave criticism on results produced by Kargil infiltration by the principal military intelligence (MI) director lieutenant-general Jamshed Gulzar Kiani who maintained in the meeting: "(...) whatever has been written there is against logic. If you catch your enemy by the jugular vein he would react with full force... If you cut enemy supply lines,
4675-422: The film, theatre, rock and folk music, and television programs were extremely devoted to and promoted the national spirit of the country. In 2001, Musharraf got on stage with the rock music band, Junoon , and sang the national song with the band. On political fronts, Musharraf faced fierce opposition from the ultra-conservative alliance, the MMA, led by clergyman Maulana Noorani . In Pakistan, Maulana Noorani
4760-429: The first time in the history of Pakistan . He granted national amnesty to the political workers of the liberal parties like Muttahida Qaumi Movement and Pakistan Muslim League (Q), and supported MQM in becoming a central player in the government. Musharraf disbanded the cultural policies of the previous Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, and quickly adopted Benazir Bhutto's cultural policies after disbanding Indian channels in
4845-442: The forced retirement of senior officers close to the Prime minister, including Lieutenant-General Tariq Pervez (also known by his name's initials as TP ), commander of XII Corps , who was a brother-in-law of a high profile cabinet minister. According to Musharraf, lieutenant-general TP was an ill-mannered, foul-mouthed, ill-disciplined officer who caused a great deal of dissent within the armed forces. Nawaz Sharif's announcement of
4930-403: The government of political enemies, notably Ziauddin and national airline chief Shahid Khaqan Abbassi . On 17 October, he gave his second national address and established a seven-member military-civilian council to govern the country. He named three retired military officers and a judge as provincial administrators on 21 October. Ultimately, Musharraf assumed executive powers but did not obtain
5015-469: The government; under his leadership economic growth reached to a maximum level, which further stabilised Musharraf's presidency. Aziz swiftly, quietly and quickly undermined the elements seeking to undermine Musharraf, which became a factor in Musharraf's trust in him. Between 2004 and 2007, Aziz approved many projects that did not require Musharraf's permission. In 2010, all constitutional changes carried out by Musharraf and Aziz's policies were reverted by
5100-455: The infiltration, a fierce Indian offensive nearly led to a full-scale war. However, Sharif withdrew support for the insurgents in July because of heightened international pressure. Sharif's decision antagonised the Pakistan Army and rumours of a possible coup began emerging soon afterward. Sharif and Musharraf dispute on who was responsible for the Kargil conflict and Pakistan's withdrawal. This strategic operation met with great hostility in
5185-432: The inter-services operations. Once Air-chief Marshal Pervez Kureshi was retired, the most junior air marshal Muschaf Mir (who worked with Musharraf in 1996 to assist ISI in Taliban matters) was appointed to four-star rank as well as elevated as Chief of Air Staff. There were two extremely important military appointments made by Musharraf in the Navy. Although Admiral Aziz Mirza (a lifelong friend of Musharraf, he shared
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#17327810889685270-473: The military and the civilian government. In 2001, Musharaff seized the presidency through a legality and a referendum but was constitutionally confirmed in this capacity in 2004. With a new amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan , his presidency sponsored the premierships of Zafarullah Jamali and later Shaukat Aziz and played a sustaining and pivotal role in American-led War on terror in Afghanistan . On social issues, his presidency promoted
5355-414: The office of the Prime minister. The Prime minister's secretariat (official residence of Prime minister of Pakistan) was closed by the military police and its staff was fired by Musharraf immediately. There were no organised protests within the country to the coup, that was widely criticised by the international community. Consequently, Pakistan was suspended from the Commonwealth of Nations . Sharif
5440-427: The only option for him will be to ensure supplies by air... (sic).. at that situation the Indian Army was unlikely to confront and it had to come up to the occasion. It is against wisdom that you dictate to the enemy to keep the war limited to a certain front...." Nawaz Sharif has maintained that the Operation was conducted without his knowledge. However, details of the briefing he got from the military before and after
5525-427: The other hand General Kuli Khan lambasted the war as "a disaster bigger than the East-Pakistan tragedy" , adding that the plan was "flawed in terms of its conception, tactical planning and execution" that ended in "sacrificing so many soldiers." Problems with his lifelong friend, chief of air staff air chief marshal Pervez Mehdi also arose when air chief refrained to participate or authorise any air strike to support
5610-496: The partition, had been involved in litigation regarding the house claiming that Hindu law is applicable to Jinnah as he was a Khoja Shia Muslim. Jinnah was extremely attached to his house. After the partition of India in 1947, Mumbai remained a part of India and Jinnah left his abode as he became the Governor General of Pakistan . He requested Nehru , the then Indian Prime Minister to allot his house to any foreign consulate, preferably European , as he wished it to be given to
5695-546: The promotion of General Musharraf to Chairman Joint Chiefs caused an escalation of the tensions with Admiral Bokhari: upon hearing the news, he launched a strong protest against the Prime minister. The next morning, the Prime minister relieved Admiral Bokhari of his duties. It was during his time as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs that Musharraf began to build friendly relations with the United States Army establishment, including General Anthony Zinni , USMC , General Tommy Franks , General John Abizaid , and General Colin Powell of
5780-465: The public circles and wide scale disapproval in the media who roundly criticised this operation. Musharraf had severe confrontation and became involved in serious altercations with his senior officers, chief of naval staff Admiral Fasih Bokhari , chief of air staff, Air Chief Marshal PQ Mehdi and senior lieutenant-general Ali Kuli Khan. Admiral Bokhari ultimately demanded a full-fledged joint-service court martial against General Musharraf, while on
5865-484: The public. In late December 1999, Musharraf dealt with his first international crisis when India accused Pakistan's involvement in the Indian Airlines Flight 814 hijacking. Though United States president Bill Clinton pressured Musharraf to ban the alleged group behind the hijacking — Harkat-ul-Mujahideen , Pakistani officials refused because of fears of reprisal from political parties such as Jamaat-e-Islami . In March 2000, Musharraf banned political rallies. In
5950-466: The rank of four-star general to replace Karamat. After the Kargil incident, Musharraf did not wish to be the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs: Musharraf favoured the chief of naval staff Admiral Bokhari to take on this role, and claimed that: "he did not care" Prime minister Sharif was displeased by this suggestion, due to the hostile nature of his relationship with the Admiral. Musharraf further exacerbated his divide with Nawaz Sharif after recommending
6035-422: The region. Mountstuart Elphinstone built the first bungalow in Malabar Hill while he was Governor of Bombay , between 1819 and 1827. Following his example, the place soon became an affluent locality, as it remains today. Raj Bhavan , the official residence of the governor of Maharashtra , 'Varsha', which is the official residence of the Chief Minister of Maharashtra , 'Glenogle' the official residence of
6120-599: The residence of local Consulate-General of Pakistan, the plan was never realised. During his visit to India, then Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf had suggested to the then Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee that the house be given to Pakistan so that it could be turned into a consulate. Talks in June 2004 between the foreign ministers of the two countries over the land did not gain any guarantees from India. In May 2005, Pakistan High Commission officials were shown around various properties in Mumbai and its suburbs for
6205-720: The sanction of the Cabinet. Though India's Foreign minister and the Indian High Commission suggested that the bungalow be handed over to Pakistan in 1956, the suggestion was not taken up. The premises were leased to the British High Commission as the residence of the Deputy High Commissioner from 1948 to 1983. The first floor of the building also held the offices of senior Commission officials. It remained vacant until 2003, when
6290-580: The setting up of its consulate but not the Jinnah House. Indian government sources say that the claim by the Jinnah's heirs will be treated "sympathetically", and have no intention of handing it to Pakistan. Dina Wadia , the only child of Jinnah , was involved in litigation regarding Jinnah House claiming that Hindu Law is applicable to Jinnah as he was a Khoja Shia . It was also campaigned to make Jinnah House , India-Pakistan Friendship Centre by
6375-501: The situation in Balochistan. The legacy of Musharraf's era serves as a cautionary tale for future leaders in Pakistan. The President [Musharraf] stood clapping his hands right next to us as we sang Azadi and Jazba , and moved to the beat with us. It was such a relief to "have a coolest leader" in the office... The presidency of Pervez Musharraf helped bring the liberal forces to the national level and into prominence, for
6460-517: The writ of the constitution, which led to fall of his presidency dramatically when he resigned to avoid impeachment in 2008. In 2013, Musharraf returned to Pakistan to participate in the general election but was later disqualified from participating when lawsuits were filed against him in the country's high courts alleging involvement in the assassinations of nationalists Akbar Bugti and Benazir Bhutto . Furthermore, Prime Minister Sharif instructed his administration to open an inquiry and filed
6545-610: The years that followed. Also during his college years at PMA and initial joint military testings, Musharraf shared a room with PQ Mehdi of the Pakistan Air Force and Abdul Aziz Mirza of the Navy (both reached four-star assignments and served with Musharraf later on) and after giving the exams and entrance interviews, all three cadets went to watch a world-acclaimed Urdu film, Savera (lit. Dawn ), with his inter-services and college friends, Musharraf recalls, In
6630-464: Was also the venue for the watershed talks on the partition of India in September 1944 between Jinnah and Mahatma Gandhi . On 15 August 1946, exactly a year before India gained independence, another round of talks was held here between Jinnah and Jawaharlal Nehru . Currently the property is owned by the government of India. Dina Wadia , Jinnah's daughter who married an Indian and settled in India after
6715-479: Was exiled to Saudi Arabia in December 2000. Shortly after Musharraf's takeover, Musharraf issued Oath of Judges Order No. 2000 , which required judges to take a fresh oath of office. On 12 May 2000, the Supreme Court asked Musharraf to hold national elections by 12 October 2002. After President Rafiq Tarar's resignation, Musharraf formally appointed himself as President on 20 June 2001. In August 2002, he issued
6800-668: Was general Jehangir Karamat who served as Musharraf's guidance counsellor and instructor who had significant influence on Musharraf's philosophy and critical thinking. He did not play any significant role in Pakistan's proxy war in the 1979–1989 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan . In 1987, he became a brigade commander of a new brigade of the SSG near Siachen Glacier . He was personally chosen by then-President and Chief of Army Staff general Zia-ul-Haq for this assignment due to Musharraf's wide experience in mountain and arctic warfare . In September 1987, Musharraf commanded an assault at Bilafond La before being pushed back. He studied at
6885-635: Was influenced by Benazir Bhutto who mentored him on various occasions, and Musharraf generally was close to Benazir Bhutto on military policy issues on India. From 1993 to 1995, Musharraf repeatedly visited the United States as part of the delegation of Benazir Bhutto. It was Maulana Fazal-ur-Rehman who lobbied for his promotion to Benazir Bhutto, and subsequently getting Musharraf's promotion papers approved by Benazir Bhutto, which eventually led to his appointment in Benazir Bhutto's key staff. In 1993, Musharraf personally assisted Benazir Bhutto to have
6970-531: Was put under house arrest and later exiled to Saudi Arabia on his personal request and under a contract. The senior military appointments in the inter-services were extremely important and crucial for Musharraf to keep the legitimacy and the support for his coup in the joint inter-services. Starting with the PAF, Musharraf pressured President Tarar to appoint most-junior air marshal to four-star rank , particularly someone with Musharraf had experienced working during
7055-566: Was remembered as a mystic religious leader and had preached spiritual aspects of Islam all over the world as part of the World Islamic Mission . Although the political deadlock posed by Maulana Noorani was neutralised after Noorani 's death, Musharraf yet had to face the opposition from ARD led by Benazir Bhutto of the PPP. On 18 September 2005, Musharraf made a speech before a broad based audience of Jewish leadership, sponsored by
7140-524: Was reportedly keen on the popular Western fashions of the time , which were then very popular in government and public circles. While in the Army he earned the nickname "Cowboy" for his westernised ways and his fashion interest in Western clothing. Earlier in 1988–89, as Brigadier, Musharraf proposed the Kargil infiltration to Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto but she rebuffed the plan. In 1991–93, he secured
7225-404: Was third-in-line and was well regarded by the general public and the armed forces. He also had an excellent academic standing from his college and university studies. Musharraf was strongly favoured by the Prime Minister's colleagues: a straight officer with democratic views. Nisar Ali Khan and Shahbaz Sharif recommended Musharraf and Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif personally promoted Musharraf to
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