118-488: Juul Labs, Inc. ( / ˈ dʒ uː l / , stylized as JUUL Labs ) is an American electronic cigarette company that spun off from Pax Labs in 2017. The Juul electronic cigarette atomizes nicotine salts derived from tobacco supplied by one-time use cartridges . Juul Labs was co-founded by Adam Bowen and James Monsees and is headquartered in San Francisco . Altria (formerly Philip Morris Companies) acquired
236-524: A "sizeable" number will use both. This report found that such "dual-use" of e-cigarettes and tobacco "will have much smaller beneficial effects on overall survival compared with quitting smoking completely." Whether e-cigarettes help people quit smoking is debated. Limited evidence suggests that e-cigarettes likely do help people to stop smoking when used in clinical settings. However, more smokers become dual users than succeed in complete abstinence. Outside clinical settings, vaping does not greatly change
354-694: A 35% stake in Juul Labs for $ 12.8 billion on December 20, 2018. Juul received a $ 2 billion bonus to distribute among its 1,500 employees. After a large social media marketing campaign, Juul became the most popular e-cigarette in the United States by the end of 2017 and had a market share of 72% as of September 2018. Juul also purchased ad space in Seventeen magazine , and on the Nick Jr. Channel TV network. According to documents obtained by
472-507: A Juul pod or "JUULpod") contains about the same amount of nicotine as one pack of cigarettes and delivers approximately 200 puffs. The amount of nicotine in each cartridge – 59 mg/ml in the United States, limited to 20 mg/ml in the European Union – is substantially more than the majority of e-cigarettes on the market. In August 2018, Juul introduced pods in 3 percent strengths for its mint and Virginia tobacco flavors. This
590-590: A brick and mortar store, 52% from a friend or family member, and 6% online (respondents could select multiple answers). Juul estimates that 90% of its sales are in brick and mortar stores. The survey also found that 89% of youth attempts to buy a Juul online succeeded. However, Juul changed its age-verification policies in October 2018 in response to FDA pressure, with employees manually checking drivers licenses against public records for exact matches, rejecting anyone under 21 but also rejecting or deterring many adults. In
708-752: A causal gateway effect. Instead, people may have underlying characteristics that predispose them to both activities. There is a genetic association between smoking, vaping, gambling, promiscuity and other risk-taking behaviors. Young people with poor executive functioning use e-cigarettes, cigarettes, and alcohol at higher rates than their peers. E-cigarette users are also more likely to use both cannabis and unprescribed Adderall or Ritalin . Longitudinal studies of e-cigarettes and smoking have been criticized for failing to adequately control for these and other confounding factors . Smoking rates have continually declined as e-cigarettes have grown in popularity, especially among young people, suggesting that there
826-433: A controversial area of tobacco control . Health advocates have been slow to support a harm reduction method out of concern that tobacco companies cannot be trusted to sell products that will lower the risks associated with tobacco use. A large number of smokers want to reduce harm from smoking by using e-cigarettes. The argument for harm reduction does not take into account the adverse effects of nicotine. There cannot be
944-574: A decade earlier. With a few exceptions, all manufacturing, commercial, and executive employees had long been based in and around Richmond. Currently the company is headquartered in an unincorporated area within Henrico County, less than five miles west of the city limits of Richmond and less than ten miles from its downtown Richmond campus. Aside from the Philip Morris/Altria headquarters, some of their other buildings included
1062-488: A defensible reason for harm reduction in children who are vaping with a base of nicotine. Quitting smoking is the most effective strategy to tobacco harm reduction. Tobacco smoke contains 100 known carcinogens and 900 potentially cancer-causing chemicals, but e-cigarette vapor contains less of the potential carcinogens than found in tobacco smoke. A study in 2015 using a third-generation device found levels of formaldehyde were greater than with cigarette smoke when adjusted to
1180-586: A documentary for CNBC , Burns said that the effect of vaping on Juul users, including minors, is unknown. Burns told Carl Quintanilla , "Frankly, we don't know today. We have not done the long-term, longitudinal clinical testing that we need to do." In sampling multiple e-cigarette delivery systems, a 2019 study found Juul pods were the only product to demonstrate in vitro cytotoxicity from both nicotine and flavor chemical content, in particular ethyl maltol . Vape liquid pods may contain numerous other compounds and are known to provide unreliable nicotine delivery that
1298-475: A financing round that valued the company at more than $ 16 billion. Around the same time TPG Capital declined to invest in Juul due to ethical concerns. Altria Group (formerly Philip Morris Companies), acquired a 35% stake in Juul Labs for $ 12.8 billion on December 20, 2018. Altria is the largest tobacco company in the United States. According to a Wall Street Journal report, Altria's investment in Juul
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#17327797991301416-464: A flavored product the first time. Vaping correlates with smoking among young people, even in those who would otherwise be unlikely to smoke. Experimenting with vaping encourages young people to continue smoking. A 2015 study found minors had little resistance to buying e-cigarettes online. Teenagers may not admit to using e-cigarettes, but use, for instance, a hookah pen. As a result, self-reporting may be lower in surveys. More recent studies show
1534-458: A higher voltage (5.0 V ) may generate equal or higher levels of formaldehyde compared to smoking. A 2015 report by Public Health England found that high levels of formaldehyde only occurred in overheated "dry-puffing". Users detect the "dry puff" (also known as a "dry hit" ) and avoid it, and they concluded that "There is no indication that EC users are exposed to dangerous levels of aldehydes." However, e-cigarette users may "learn" to overcome
1652-728: A lower risk replacement for traditional cigarettes, but there is not enough data on their safety and efficacy to draw definite conclusions. There is no research available on vaping for reducing harm in high-risk groups such as people with mental disorders . A 2014 PHE report concluded that hazards associated with products currently on the market are probably low, and apparently much lower than smoking. However, harms could be reduced further through reasonable product standards. The British Medical Association encourages health professionals to recommend conventional nicotine replacement therapies, but for patients unwilling to use or continue using such methods, health professionals may present e-cigarettes as
1770-478: A lower-risk option than tobacco smoking. The American Association of Public Health Physicians (AAPHP) suggests those who are unwilling to quit tobacco smoking or unable to quit with medical advice and pharmaceutical methods should consider other nicotine-containing products such as e-cigarettes and smokeless tobacco for long-term use instead of smoking. A 2014 WHO report concluded that some smokers will switch completely to e-cigarettes from traditional tobacco but
1888-403: A maximum power setting. E-cigarettes cannot be considered safe because there is no safe level for carcinogens. Due to their similarity to traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes could play a valuable role in tobacco harm reduction. The public health community remains divided concerning the appropriateness of endorsing a device whose safety and efficacy for smoking cessation remain unclear. Overall,
2006-411: A more socially acceptable alternative. The evidence indicates smokers are more frequently able to completely quit smoking using tank devices compared to cigalikes, which may be due to their more efficient nicotine delivery. One study supports the claim that smokers are more likely to use e-cigarettes as a nicotine replacement product to aid in smoking cessation than other pharmaceutical products. There
2124-633: A nicotine arms race amongst competitive companies seeking to emulate the success of Juul," Robert Jackler, head of Stanford Research into the Impact of Tobacco Advertising, stated in 2019. In certain markets such as Israel the maximum legal limit is 1.7% for the amount of nicotine allowed in its pods, but in the US Juul does not offer 1.7%. Juul does not offer low-dose or no-dose nicotine pods. Juuls are unique from other e-cigarettes in that they use nicotine salts rather than freebase nicotine in order to reproduce
2242-578: A power source such as a battery, and a container such as a cartridge or tank. Instead of smoke , the user inhales vapor . As such, using an e-cigarette is often called " vaping ". The atomizer is a heating element that vaporizes a liquid solution called e-liquid , which quickly cools into an aerosol of tiny droplets, vapor and air. The vapor mainly comprises propylene glycol and/or glycerin , usually with nicotine and flavoring . Its exact composition varies , and depends on several things including user behavior. E-cigarettes are activated by taking
2360-482: A puff or pressing a button. Some look like traditional cigarettes , and most kinds are reusable. Nicotine is highly addictive. Users become physically and psychologically dependent. Scientists do not know how harmful e-cigarettes are over the long-term because it is hard to separate the effects of vaping from the effects of smoking when so many people both vape and smoke. E-cigarettes have not been used widely enough or for long enough to be sure. Vaping
2478-550: A short era of competition between the new Marlboro smokeless tobacco products such as snus , and those produced by UST Inc. On December 8, 2018, Altria announced its intent to acquire a 45% stake in Cronos Group for $ 1.8 billion. On December 20, 2018, Altria finalized the acquisition of a 35% stake in JUUL Labs , an e-cigarette company based out of San Francisco, California, for $ 12.8 billion. On November 3, 2019, it
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#17327797991302596-453: A smoker who continues to use even a minimal amount of traditional cigarettes, rather than quitting. Because of the convenience of e-cigarettes, it may further increase the risk of addiction. The promotion of vaping as a harm reduction aid is premature, while a 2011 review found they appear to have the potential to lower tobacco-related death and disease. Evidence to substantiate the potential of vaping to lower tobacco-related death and disease
2714-567: A smoking cessation to kids in schools. Juul made false claims about it being "completely safe" and presented opportunities for teens to become influencers for the company. In response to the FDA crackdown on Juul, the company announced they would be using real customers who were using the product to switch from smoking instead of models. As of November 2018, Juul has shut down their social media accounts. A May 2018 Truth Initiative survey found that 74% of Juul users ages 12–17 obtained their Juul device from
2832-642: A spokesperson for Juul Labs said that the company was exploring an option similar to the deposit system for Juul pods to reduce marine pollution (which was proposed by Yogi Hale Hendlin, Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the Department of Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco ). The spokesperson mentioned in an email that the company is committed to responsible stewardship and environmental sustainability . Juul's products have become immensely popular among teenagers , raising concerns among
2950-506: A trend of an increasing proportion of young people who use e-cigarettes. In 2018, 20% of high school students were using e-cigarettes. In 2020, however, this number increased to 50% of high school students reported to have used e-cigarettes. Similarly, in Canada, there has been trend showing 29% of young people reporting to have used e-cigarettes in 2017, increasing to 37% in 2018. The health risks of e-cigarettes are not known for certain, but
3068-433: A trend towards benefit of e-cigarettes with nicotine for smoking cessation. In terms of whether flavored e-cigarettes assisted quitting smoking, the evidence is inconclusive. Tentative evidence indicates that health warnings on vaping products may influence users to give up vaping. As of 2020, the efficacy and safety of vaping for quitting smoking during pregnancy was unknown. No research is available to provide details on
3186-438: Is a health danger for pregnant women and developing babies and can damage a developing baby's brain and lungs. Also, some of the flavorings used in e-cigarettes may be harmful to a developing baby." A popular vaporizer named Juul was widely used by American young people until 2022, when the FDA banned its products from sale. Close to 80% of respondents in a 2017 Truth Initiative study aged 15–24 reported using Juul also used
3304-657: Is an American corporation and one of the world's largest producers and marketers of tobacco , cigarettes , and medical products in the treatment of illnesses caused by tobacco. It operates worldwide and is headquartered in Henrico County, Virginia , just outside the city of Richmond . Altria is the parent company of Philip Morris USA , John Middleton, Inc. , U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company , Inc., and Philip Morris Capital Corporation. Altria also maintains large minority stakes in Belgium-based brewer AB InBev and
3422-510: Is anticipated to be similar to that of smokeless tobacco . Since vapor does not contain tobacco and does not involve combustion, users may avoid several harmful constituents usually found in tobacco smoke , such as ash , tar , and carbon monoxide . However, e-cigarette use with or without nicotine cannot be considered risk-free because the long-term effects of e-cigarette use are unknown. The cytotoxicity of e-liquids varies, and contamination with various chemicals have been detected in
3540-409: Is associated with cardiovascular disease , possible birth defects, and poisoning. In vitro studies of nicotine have associated it with cancer, but carcinogenicity has not been demonstrated in vivo . There is inadequate research to show that nicotine is associated with cancer in humans. The risk is probably low from the inhalation of propylene glycol and glycerin. No information is available on
3658-518: Is called e-liquid. E-liquid formulations vary widely. A typical e-liquid is composed of propylene glycol and glycerin (95%) and a combination of flavorings , nicotine , and other additives (5%). The flavorings may be natural, artificial, or organic . Over 80 harmful chemicals such as formaldehyde and metallic nanoparticles have been found in e-liquids at trace quantities. There are many e-liquid manufacturers, and more than 15,000 flavors. Many countries regulate what e-liquids can contain. In
Juul - Misplaced Pages Continue
3776-624: Is derived from tobacco. Juul received a US patent for its nicotine salt preparation in 2015. The nicotine salts are said to create an experience more like smoking than other e-cigarettes on the market, as Juul attempts to deliver a nicotine peak in five minutes, similar to a traditional cigarette. The nicotine salts reduce the harshness of the Juul aerosol as compared to tobacco smoke . The protonated nicotine formulation of nicotine salts has been described as problematic because it seemingly allow users to inhale much higher nicotine concentrations than they would otherwise be able to. Each cartridge (called
3894-506: Is easy to conceal in clothing or elsewhere; a high school in Newton, Massachusetts discovered a Juul disguised as a Sharpie , for instance. Juul's iPhone -reminiscent design, as well as its compact and high-tech design, are other commonly cited reasons for its rising popularity among young people. Juul's sweet flavors, especially the fruit and crème brûlée ones, are especially attractive to teenagers, according to journalists, academics, and
4012-426: Is equivalent to 30 mg/ml. Each cartridge contains propylene glycol , glycerin , flavorings , and nicotine salts. Juul pods came in eight flavors until late 2019, of which mango was the most popular. A Juul starter kit sells for about $ 50. Joel Johnson of Co.Design described the nicotine intake as "eye-widening" and its aesthetics as "demure". Upon initial release, Ben Radding of Men's Fitness called Juul
4130-461: Is higher than other e-cigarette brands with its volume of e-liquid containing 5% nicotine, almost double the amount of other brands. Juul pods also contain a substantially greater amount of benzoic acid, 44.8 mg/mL, as compared to other brands, which contain around 0.2 to 2 mg/mL. Constant exposure to benzoic acid can lead to coughing, sore throat, and abdominal pain. "When Juul came out with very high-nicotine electronic cigarettes, it triggered
4248-411: Is likely far less harmful than smoking, but still harmful. E-cigarette vapor contains far fewer toxins than cigarette smoke, and at much lower concentrations. The vapor contains traces of harmful substances not found in cigarette smoke. E-cigarettes containing nicotine are more effective than nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation . However, e-cigarettes have not been subject to
4366-636: Is little evidence for a gateway effect at the population level. This observation has been criticized, however, for ignoring the effect of anti-smoking interventions. Worldwide, increasing numbers of young people are vaping. With access to e-cigarettes, young people's tobacco use has dropped by about 75%. Most young e-cigarette users have never smoked, but there is a substantial minority who both vape and smoke. Many young people who would not smoke are vaping. Young people who smoke tobacco or marijuana, or who drink alcohol, are much more likely to vape. Among young people who have tried vaping, most used
4484-467: Is low quality evidence that vaping assists smokers to quit smoking in the long-term compared with nicotine-free vaping. Nicotine-containing e-cigarettes were associated with greater effectiveness for quitting smoking than e-cigarettes without nicotine. A 2013 study in smokers who were not trying to quit, found that vaping, with or without nicotine decreased the number of cigarettes consumed. E-cigarettes without nicotine may reduce tobacco cravings because of
4602-595: Is no consensus on the risks of e-cigarette use. There is little data about their safety, and a considerable variety of liquids are used as carriers, and thus are present in the aerosol delivered to the user. Reviews of the safety of e-cigarettes have reached quite different conclusions. A 2014 WHO report cautioned about potential risks of using e-cigarettes. Regulated US FDA products such as nicotine inhalers may be safer than e-cigarettes, but e-cigarettes are generally seen as safer than combusted tobacco products such as cigarettes and cigars. The risk of early death
4720-497: Is often inconsistent with the labeling. These liquid pods also contain propylene glycol, which has been shown to induce airway epithelial injury and deep airway inflammation . Due to a story about the vaped-induced lung disease in the US , an upsurge of people began tweeting about giving up Juuling within a 24-hour period. One Juul pod contains the same amount of nicotine as one to two packs of cigarettes. The nicotine content of Juuls
4838-732: Is safe, ease of concealment, sleek high-tech design, and fruity pod flavors. Advertising aimed directly at teens, may also have played a role. In February 2020, the Massachusetts Attorney General's office revealed that evidence it obtained during its investigation documented that the company bought ad space on Seventeen magazine, Nickelodeon and Nick Jr, and on seventeen homework and game sites for middle and high school students, including CoolMathGames.com and dailydressupgames.com. A 2015 Stanford University study analyzing adolescents' perceptions of risks and benefits of conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes found that some of
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4956-435: Is the cause of illness, vitamin E acetate, specifically, has been identified as a potential culprit in vape-related illnesses. There was likely more than one cause of the outbreak. E-cigarettes produce similar levels of particulates to tobacco cigarettes. There is "only limited evidence showing adverse respiratory and cardiovascular effects in humans", with the authors of a 2020 review calling for more long-term studies on
5074-402: Is the idea that using less harmful drugs can lead to more harmful ones. Evidence shows that many users who begin by vaping will go on to also smoke traditional cigarettes. People with mental illnesses, who as a group are more susceptible to nicotine addiction, are at particularly high risk of dual use. However, an association between vaping and subsequent smoking does not necessarily imply
5192-477: Is the third most popular e-cigarette brand among middle-school and high-school students, used by 22% of e-cigarette users. On June 23, 2022, the FDA denied authorization for Juul to continue selling its products in the United States, and issued Marketing Denial Orders banning any further marketing or sale of the products effective immediately. That order was blocked by the U.S. Court of Appeals in Washington, D.C.
5310-411: Is unknown. It is unclear whether e-cigarettes are only helpful for particular types of smokers. Vaping with nicotine may reduce tobacco use among daily smokers. Whether vaping is effective for quitting smoking may depend on whether it was used as part of an effort to quit. One of the challenges in studying e-cigarettes is that there are hundreds of brands and models of e-cigarettes sold that vary in
5428-695: Is unknown. The health benefits of reducing cigarette use while vaping is unclear. E-cigarettes could have an influential role in tobacco harm reduction. The authors warned against the potential harm of excessive regulation and advised health professionals to consider advising smokers who are reluctant to quit by other methods to switch to e-cigarettes as a safer alternative to smoking. A 2014 review recommended that regulations for e-cigarettes could be similar to those for dietary supplements or cosmetic products to not limit their potential for harm reduction. A 2012 review found e-cigarettes could considerably reduce traditional cigarettes use and they likely could be used as
5546-653: The Massachusetts Attorney General 's office, Juul bought ads on seventeen different educational, gaming, and crafting sites directed towards middle and high school students. Its widespread use by young people has triggered concern from the public health community and multiple investigations by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Given the high nicotine concentrations in Juul, the potential health consequences of its use by young people could be more severe than those from their use of other e-cigarette products. In 2018, per an investigation by
5664-638: The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine , "Laboratory tests of e-cigarette ingredients, in vitro toxicological tests, and short-term human studies suggest that e-cigarettes are likely to be far less harmful than combustible tobacco cigarettes." Randomized controlled trials provide "high-certainty" evidence that e-cigarettes containing nicotine are more effective than nicotine replacement therapy for discontinuing tobacco smoking, and moderate‐certainty evidence that they are more effective than e-cigarettes free of nicotine. Some of
5782-634: The Oversight Subcommittee on Economic and Consumer Policy . The subcommittee found that "Juul appears to be violating FDA regulations against making unapproved express and implied claims that its product helps users stop smoking cigarettes and is safer than cigarettes". On September 25, 2019, it was announced that Kevin Burns was stepping down as CEO and K.C. Crosthwaite, the Chief Growth Officer for Altria, would be taking over
5900-472: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration . Unlike cigarette smoke's smell, Juuls can emit a fruity scent when vaped. In a 2016 study by the CDC and FDA, 31% of middle and high school students who use e-cigarettes claimed they used them due to the availability of flavors. In response, Juul renamed some flavors—"cool cucumber" to "cucumber", "crème brûlée" to "creme", and "classic menthol" to "menthol"—saying that it "heard
6018-536: The board of directors of Altria Group as of February 2013 were: Prior to being based in Virginia, Philip Morris had its headquarters in Midtown Manhattan , New York City. In 2003, Philip Morris announced that it would move its headquarters to Virginia. The company said that it planned to keep around 750 employees in its former headquarters. Brendan McCormick, a spokesperson for Philip Morris, said that
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#17327797991306136-409: The "iPhone of E-cigs." The comparison to the iPhone and other Apple products has been made by many other commentators. Pharmacologist James Pauly, a specialist in nicotine, notes that Juul delivers more nicotine than other e-cigarettes, and that the salts also may reduce the harshness, making it easier for new smokers, such as teenagers, to consume more nicotine than they are aware of. In August 2019,
6254-793: The Altria Center for Research and Technology in downtown Richmond, their manufacturing center in South Richmond, and the adjacent operations center which began shutting down in 2007–2008, as a result of the loss of demand from PMI member companies. The layoffs beginning in 2007 affected thousands of Altria, Altria Client Services, Philip Morris USA, and contracted employees in Richmond and North Carolina. In 2009, Altria finalized its purchase of UST Inc. , whose products included smokeless tobacco (made by U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company ) and wine (made by Chateau Ste. Michelle ). This ended
6372-711: The Canadian cannabis company Cronos Group. It is a component of the S&;P 500 and was a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average from 1985 to 2008, dropping due to spin-offs of Kraft Foods Inc. in 2007 and Philip Morris International in 2008. Altria emerged from Philip Morris USA . The onset of " rebranding " of Philip Morris Companies to Altria took place in 2003 (Philip Morris would later split, with PM USA remaining Altria's primary and only consistently held asset). According to Altria, it
6490-468: The FDA, Juul agreed to pull certain flavored cartridges (which could entice underage use) from the market. In 2019, the company reached a settlement with the Center for Environmental Health , under which it agreed to scale back and restrict its marketing efforts to those who are appropriately aged. By July 2020, Juul's market share fell to 42% and as of September 2022, it was 28%. A 2022 survey found that Juul
6608-502: The On! brand) for $ 372 million in June 2019. Altria and Japan Tobacco announced a joint venture called Horizon Innovations LLC on October 27, 2022. Horizon, owned 75 percent by Altria and 25 percent by Japan Tobacco, intends to sell Ploom heated tobacco sticks in the United States. FDA approval was expected to take until 2025, with customers able to buy Ploom by 2027. Altria completed
6726-684: The Pregnancy Risk Assessment System (PRAMS) show that in 2015—roughly the mid-point of the study period—10.8% of the sample used e-cigarettes in the three months prior to the pregnancy while 7.0%, 5.8%, and 1.4% used these products at the time of the pregnancy, in the first trimester, and at birth respectively. According to National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data from 2014 to 2017, 38.9% of pregnant smokers used e-cigarettes compared to only 13.5% of non-pregnant, reproductive age women smokers. A health economic study found that passing an e-cigarette minimum legal sale age law in
6844-607: The U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) in early-October 2018 over counterfeit products manufactured by companies in the United States and China that Juul Labs says infringed on its US patents. The complaint seeks to end importation of these products into the US. In February 2019, Juul sued several companies for infringing on its trademarks, among which was a cartoon logo titled the Juul Monster . In May 2018, Juul started selling in Israel , which did not regulate e-cigarettes at
6962-599: The US, there are Food and Drug Administration (FDA) compulsory manufacturing standards and American E-liquid Manufacturing Standards Association (AEMSA) recommended manufacturing standards. European Union standards are published in the EU Tobacco Products Directive . In 2019 a study found that the metal coils of e-cigarettes can leach metal into the e-liquid leading to permanent lung damage in some cases. Research has shown that higher voltages generate more heat and release more toxic substances into
7080-1110: The United Kingdom. Flavours sold in the UK have slightly different names from the American versions and are available in strengths of 9 mg/ml and 18 mg/ml (lower strengths than in the US in order to comply with UK regulations). [1] It was noted that the UK was chosen as an early launch market as it had the world's most supportive government when it came to encouraging smokers to vape. In August 2018, Juul introduced its products in Canada, starting with an online launch before introducing them to vape shops, gas stations, and convenience stores in early September. Juul launched in Russia in late-2018 and launched in South Korea and Ireland in May 2019. Juul launched in Ukraine in June 2019. At
7198-584: The United States government between 1998 and 2004, the second-highest such figure for any organization in the nation. Altria also funded The Advancement of Sound Science Coalition which lobbied against the scientific consensus on anthropogenic climate change . Daniel Smith, representing Altria, sits on the Private Enterprise Board of the American Legislative Exchange Council . In August 2006,
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#17327797991307316-501: The United States increased teenage prenatal smoking by 0.6 percentage points and had no effect on birth outcomes. Nevertheless, additional research needs to be done on the health effects of electronic cigarette use during pregnancy. According to the CDC, E-cigarettes are not safe during pregnancy. "Although the aerosol of e-cigarettes generally has fewer harmful substances than cigarette smoke, e-cigarettes and other products containing nicotine are not safe to use during pregnancy. Nicotine
7434-490: The acquisition of NJOY Holdings, Inc. on June 1, 2023. For the fiscal year 2020, Altria reported earnings of US$ 4.45 billion, with an annual revenue of US$ 26.15 billion. Altria's shares traded at over $ 66 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at over US$ 118.5 billion in October 2018. As of 2018, the company ranked 154th on the Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by revenue. Members of
7552-699: The acquisition of VMR products was to gain access to the Chinese market. VMR Products was owned at the time by Huabao International Holdings. Huabao is approved to sell vapor products by the Chinese State Tobacco Monopoly Administration , the government agency that controls the tobacco market in China . Current company investors include Tiger Global Management , mutual fund firm Fidelity Investments , and Tao Capital . In June 2018, Juul reportedly raised $ 1.2 billion in
7670-424: The ages of 12 and 17 having seen a Juul used in school. Teenagers use the verb "Juuling" to describe their use of Juul. The National Drug Trends of 2018 revealed increasing adolescent use of e-cigarettes, including the Juul. Cigarette smoking rates among 12th graders continued to decline as it has been for two decades. On the other hand, the increase in vaping rates from 2017 to 2018 was the largest gap recorded since
7788-484: The available evidence on e-cigarette safety, there was also "no reason to believe that use of an e-cig has any adverse effect on breastfeeding." The statement went on to say, "vaping should continue, if it is helpful to quitting smoking and staying smokefree". The UK National Health Service says: "If using an e-cigarette helps you to stop smoking, it is much safer for you and your baby than continuing to smoke." Many women who vape continue to do so during pregnancy because of
7906-409: The available evidence supports the cautionary implementation of harm reduction interventions aimed at promoting e-cigarettes as attractive and competitive alternatives to cigarette smoking, while taking measures to protect vulnerable groups and individuals. The core concern is that smokers who could have quit entirely will develop an alternative nicotine addiction. Dual use may be an increased risk to
8024-574: The beginning of 2019, Juul started selling products containing 1.7% nicotine in Germany. In January 2019, Juul announced plans for a launch in India. In response, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare called for the device to be banned from India, citing concerns that it could derail the government's anti-tobacco programs. The regulation of e-cigarettes in India is disputed between the government and
8142-676: The better safety profile of e-cigarettes compared to tobacco. E-cigarette use is highest in China, the US, and Europe, with China having the most users. There are varied reasons for e-cigarette use. Most users are trying to quit smoking, but a large proportion of use is recreational or as an attempt to get around smoke-free laws . Many people vape because they believe vaping is safer than smoking. The wide choice of flavors and lower price compared to cigarettes are also important factors. Other motivations include reduced odor and fewer stains. E-cigarettes also appeal to technophiles who enjoy customizing their devices. The gateway hypothesis
8260-421: The chemical form of nicotine delivered in mainstream cigarette smoke for the purpose of improving nicotine transfer efficiency and increasing the speed with which nicotine is absorbed by smokers." This was done by manipulating smoke pH with ammonia. Adding ammonia increases the smoke pH, in a process called "freebasing" which causes smokers to be "exposed to higher internal nicotine doses and become more addicted to
8378-473: The combined company for "deviating from the representation that they already made to the agency about steps they are taking to restrict their products in a way that will decrease access to kids." The Juul e-cigarette looks similar to a USB flash drive , and it is recharged using a magnetic USB dock. Juul e-cigarettes use nicotine salts ( protonated nicotine ) rather than free-base nicotine as used in most previous generations of e-cigarettes. The nicotine
8496-773: The company estimated that the move would save the company over $ 60 million each year. The company now has its head offices in an unincorporated area of Henrico County, Virginia , near Richmond. In addition, the company has a 450,000-square-foot, $ 350 million Center for Research and Technology located in downtown Richmond at the Virginia BioTechnology Research Park that employs approximately 600 scientists, engineers and support staff. Altria, like other tobacco companies, has invested in science and medical companies, which develop and produce medical products for conditions caused or aggravated by smoking. As of 2024, Altrias three medical subsidiaries included
8614-540: The company to improve its image and raise its profile without sacrificing tobacco profits. Philip Morris executives thought a name change would insulate the larger corporation and its other operating companies from the political pressures on tobacco. The rebranding took place amidst social, legal, and financially troubled circumstances. In 2003 Altria was ranked Fortune number 11, and has steadily declined since. In 2010 Altria Group (MO) ranked at Fortune number 137, whereas its former asset, Philip Morris International,
8732-403: The criticism" and "responded by simplifying the names and losing the descriptors." In November 2018, Juul discontinued all flavored pods to prevent the increase in teen usage. Many of Juul's early marketing campaigns were youth-oriented, with prominent use of social media, youth-friendly themes, and young models pictured using Juuls. In July 2019, Juul spent thousands of dollars to promote Juul as
8850-530: The deal valued Juul Labs at $ 38 billion. At the time, Juul had an annual revenue of about $ 2 billion. Juul bought a building in San Francisco in 2019 for almost $ 400 million. In April 2018, former Massachusetts Attorney General Martha Coakley joined Juul, working in the government affairs team to coordinate lobbying for the product, while advocating against underage usage . Ethical questions have been raised about Coakley's lobbying for
8968-460: The design and operation of the devices and composition of the liquid, and the technology continues to change. E-cigarettes have not been subjected to the same type of efficacy testing as nicotine replacement products . There are also social concerns - use of e-cigarettes may normalize tobacco use and prolong cigarette use for people who could have quit instead, or it could put extra pressure on smokers to stop cigarette smoking because e-cigarettes are
9086-596: The device in the last 30 days. In the 2010s, US teenagers used the verb "Juuling" to describe vaping, and Juuling was the subject of widespread memes on social media. Harm reduction refers to any reduction in harm from a prior level. Harm minimization strives to reduce harms to the lowest achievable level. When a person does not want to quit nicotine, harm minimization means striving to eliminate tobacco exposure by replacing it with vaping. E-cigarettes can reduce smokers' exposure to carcinogens and other toxic chemicals found in tobacco. Tobacco harm reduction has been
9204-531: The device more than three times a month. Over 25% of teenagers reported using the Juul more than ten times a month. These findings suggest that teenagers are not just experimenting with Juuls, but rather using them on a regular basis. This was in apparent contrast to Juul founders James Monsees' and Adam Bowen's claim that the mission of the Juul is to improve adult smokers' lives by eliminating cigarettes. Many reasons have been proposed for Juul's popularity among teenagers, including adolescents' misperception that Juul
9322-485: The e-liquid. Vaping cannabis usually involves higher temperatures than nicotine. Since entering the market around 2003, e-cigarette use has risen rapidly. In 2011 there were about 7 million adult e-cigarette users globally, increasing to 68 million in 2020 compared with 1.1 billion cigarette smokers. There was a further rise to 82 million e-cigarette users in 2021. This increase has been attributed to targeted marketing, lower cost compared to conventional cigarettes, and
9440-423: The effects of conventional cigarettes. Nicotine salts are also less acidic than freebase nicotine, making them easier to inhale. Additionally, nicotine salts are more readily absorbed into the bloodstream at a rate similar to conventional cigarettes. Due to its lack of irritation and easiness to inhale, users may be unaware of how much nicotine they are actually intaking. Given the high nicotine concentrations in Juul,
9558-419: The efficacy of vaping for quitting smoking during pregnancy. There is robust evidence that vaping is not effective for quitting smoking among adolescents. In view of the shortage of evidence, vaping is not recommend for cancer patients, although for all patients vaping is likely less dangerous than smoking cigarettes. The effectiveness of vaping for quitting smoking among vulnerable groups is uncertain. There
9676-487: The end of 2018. As of July 2018, the Juul e-cigarette is manufactured in Shenzhen, China while the pods are made in the United States. Pods are also referred to as "vape juice." In July 2018, Juul raised $ 650 million, giving it a valuation of $ 15 billion. On December 20, 2018, Altria , one of the world's largest cigarette manufacturers, bought 35% of Juul for $ 12.8 billion. According to Wells Fargo ,
9794-458: The following: Cronos group (maker of recreational cannabis), Lexaria Bioscience (Developer of proprietary drug delivery technology, DehydraTECH, to improve active pharmaceutical ingredients entrance into the bloodstream) and Micreos (biotech company focused on discovering and developing recombinant proteins for chronic dermatology and oncology conditions). According to the Center for Public Integrity , Altria spent around $ 101 million on lobbying
9912-423: The industry considering her former position as attorney general and the accusations of Juul marketing to youth. On June 13, 2019, United States House of Representatives launched an investigation into the Juul Labs, looking into the business deal with Altria, social media and advertising practices, and communications. The investigation was spearheaded by Illinois Representative Raja Krishnamoorthi , chairman of
10030-517: The judiciary. Six states have banned their use, though the Delhi High Court has stayed the bans. As such, Juul e-cigarettes are not legally available in India and they are commonly sold on the gray market for as much as $ 100 for the starter kit that costs $ 29 in the United States. Electronic cigarette An electronic cigarette ( e-cigarette ), or vape , is a device that simulates tobacco smoking . It consists of an atomizer ,
10148-409: The lack of vaping cessation treatments for adolescents, and the FDA scheduled a public hearing on youth vaping cessation for January 18, 2019. In 2021, Juul paid $ 51,000 to devote the entire May/June issue American Journal of Health Behavior to publishing 11 studies that it funded to show its products helped smokers quit. While all papers have been peer-reviewed (with a 12th paper being rejected),
10266-608: The legitimacy of the process has been discussed by academics. The American Prospect described this move as "taking academic corruption to a new level". A 2021 study in Tobacco Control found that less than half of clinical trials sponsored by Juul were properly reported. Sales of Juul increased 700% in 2016. Juul accounted for over 70% of the US e-cigarette market in 2018 as monitored by Nielsen , but Juul's market share fell to 42% by July 2020, and further to 36% by March 2022. According to Dow Jones VentureSource, Juul Labs
10384-504: The liquid. Metal parts of e-cigarettes in contact with the e-liquid can contaminate it with metal particles. Many chemicals including carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde can inadvertently be produced when the nichrome wire (heating element) that touches the e-liquid is heated and chemically reacted with the liquid. Normal usage of e-cigarettes, and reduced voltage (3.0 V ) devices generate very low levels of formaldehyde. The later-generation and "tank-style" e-cigarettes with
10502-481: The long-term effects of the inhalation of flavors. In October 2021, researchers at Johns Hopkins University reported over 2,000 unknown chemicals in the vape clouds that they tested from Vuse, Juul, Blu and Mi-Salt vape devices. In 2019–2020, there was an outbreak of vaping-related lung illness in the US and Canada, primarily related to vaping THC with vitamin E acetate . Altria Altria Group, Inc. (previously known as Philip Morris Companies, Inc. )
10620-490: The most common but less serious adverse effects include abdominal pain, headache, blurry vision, throat and mouth irritation, vomiting, nausea, and coughing. Nicotine is addictive and harmful to fetuses, children, and young people. In 2019 and 2020, an outbreak of severe vaping lung illness in the US was strongly linked to vitamin E acetate by the CDC . While it is still widely debated which particular component of vape liquid
10738-474: The name is an "egregious example" of phonesthesia —with the company attempting to "switch its image from bad people who sell addictive carcinogens to a place or state marked by altruism and other lofty values". The company's branding consultants, the Wirthlin Group , said: "The name change alternative offers the possibility of masking the negatives associated with the tobacco business", thus enabling
10856-449: The next day. Juul stopped selling its original device in 2023, introducing the Juul 2. In 2005, two former cigarette smokers , Adam Bowen and James Monsees , met while they were graduate students in product-design at Stanford University and developed an e-cigarette called Ploom. By 2007, they started a business with the same name. In 2015, the company sold Ploom, changed their name to Pax Labs , and developed Juul. Juul Labs, Inc.
10974-617: The nicotine in Juul is sufficient to result in addiction. Gottlieb further stated, "In some cases, our kids are trying these products and liking them without even knowing they contain nicotine. And that's a problem, because as we know the nicotine in these products can rewire an adolescent's brain, leading to years of addiction." In late 2018, news reports noted increasing rates of Juul addiction in teenagers, which negatively impacts brain development and relationships. Juul's high nicotine content has attracted concern because of nicotine's addictive properties. Particular concern has been expressed about
11092-418: The nicotine-related health consequences of its use by young people could be more severe than those from their use of other e-cigarette products. Ari Atkins, Pax Labs' R&D engineer, said "We don't think a lot about addiction here because we're not trying to design a cessation product at all." He added, "anything about health is not on our mind." In April 2018, FDA Commissioner Dr. Scott Gottlieb stated that
11210-418: The odds of quitting smoking. A small number of studies have looked at whether using e-cigarettes reduces the number of cigarettes smokers consume. E-cigarette use may decrease the number of cigarettes smoked, but smoking just one to four cigarettes daily greatly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease compared to not smoking. The extent to which decreasing cigarette smoking with vaping leads to quitting
11328-411: The participants believed that e-cigarettes did not contain nicotine, only water vapor. Additionally, the 2017 Truth Initiative survey found 63% of teens and young adults did not understand that the Juul products they used always contains nicotine. A lack of educational programs and public health campaigns regarding the use of e-cigarettes and Juuls reflect how teenagers may perceive these devices as many of
11446-445: The perceived safety of e-cigarettes compared to tobacco. In one of the few studies identified, a 2015 survey of 316 pregnant women in a Maryland clinic found that the majority had heard of e-cigarettes, 13% had used them, and 0.6% were current daily users. These findings are of concern because the dose of nicotine delivered by e-cigarettes can be as high or higher than that delivered by traditional cigarettes. Data from two states in
11564-513: The product." On March 30, 2007, Altria's 88.1% stake in Kraft Foods was spun off, through a distribution of the remaining stake of shares (88.1%) to Altria shareholders. That same year, Altria began selling all its shares of Philip Morris International to Altria stockholders, a spin-off that was completed on March 28, 2008. Again in 2007 the company began the acquisition of cigar manufacturer John Middleton Co. from Bradford Holdings, which
11682-435: The public health community that long-term declines in youth nicotine use are being reversed. An October 2018 study of 13,000 Americans found that 9.5% of teenagers aged 15–17 and 11% of young adults aged 18–21 currently use Juul, and that teenagers age 15–17 are 16 times more likely to be Juul users than 25–34 year olds. Juul use is also very popular among middle school and high school students; with one in five students between
11800-438: The risk of serious adverse events is thought to be low, and e-cigarettes are likely safer than combusted tobacco products . However, this does not mean that e-cigarettes are harmless. E-cigarette use is associated with increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , asthma , chronic bronchitis , and emphysema . Those who use e-cigarettes daily have higher risk than those who use them occasionally. According to
11918-572: The risks are still unknown. Former PAX Labs CEO Goldman said to Fortune in 2016 that "Juul should not be used by those under the legal age, nor should any nicotine products, as stated by the U.S. Surgeon General." In 2018 Matt Myers, president of Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids , said the design "misleads about risk" of addiction. Juul's resemblance to a flash drive and very compact size makes it easy to conceal, and its low vapor output and subtle scent, which can be passed off as perfume, mean that it can be used discreetly, even in class. Accordingly, it
12036-423: The role. In October 2019, it was reported that Juul planned to lay off approximately 500 workers by the end of 2019. In October 2019, a number of executives departed the company including Chief Financial Officer Tim Danaher, Chief Administrative Officer Ashley Gould, Chief Marketing Officer Craig Brommers, and Senior Vice President of advanced technologies David Foster. On October 31, 2019, Altria announced that it
12154-1005: The same rigorous testing that most nicotine replacement therapy products have, and health warnings may encourage a smoker to quit vaping. An electronic cigarette consists of an atomizer, a power source such as a battery, and a container for e-liquid such as a cartridge or tank. E-cigarettes have evolved over time, and the different designs are classified in generations. First-generation e-cigarettes tend to look like traditional cigarettes and are called "cigalikes". Second-generation devices are larger and look less like traditional cigarettes. Third-generation devices include mechanical mods and variable voltage devices. The fourth-generation includes sub-ohm tanks (meaning they have electrical resistance of less than 1 ohm ) and temperature control . There are also pod mod devices that use protonated nicotine , rather than free-base nicotine found in earlier generations, providing higher nicotine yields. The mixture used in vapor products such as e-cigarettes
12272-432: The smoking-related physical stimuli. A 2015 meta-analysis on clinical trials found that e-cigarettes containing nicotine are more effective than nicotine-free ones for quitting smoking. They compared their finding that nicotine-containing e-cigarettes helped 20% of people quit with the results from other studies that found nicotine replacement products helps 10% of people quit. A 2016 review found low quality evidence of
12390-494: The study began in 1975. Researchers hypothesize this may be due to the number of educational programs implemented to warn youth of the risks of cigarette smoking, while there is still a lack of programs regarding vaping devices. The percentage of 12th grade students who reported vaping nicotine almost doubled, from 11% in 2017 to 21% in 2018. Among 10th graders, the percentage doubled from 8% to 16%. A Truth Initiative study found that of 15 to 17-year-olds who use Juul, 56% used
12508-509: The subject. E-cigarettes increase the risk of asthma by 40% and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by 50% compared to not using nicotine at all. The British Royal College of Midwives states: "While vaping devices such as electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) do contain some toxins, they are at far lower levels than found in tobacco smoke. If a pregnant woman who has been smoking chooses to use an e-cig and it helps her to quit smoking and stay smokefree, she should be supported to do so." Based on
12626-576: The time. Israel later banned Juul's products in August 2018, citing public health concerns, according to a statement by the Ministry of Health . Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu , acting in his capacity as Health Minister, placed a complete ban on Juul because it delivers nearly three times Israel's recommended amount of 20 mg/ml of nicotine. Juul has appealed the ban to Israel's High Court of Justice . In July 2018, Juul announced it would launch in
12744-595: The unpleasant taste due to elevated aldehyde formation, when the nicotine craving is high enough. Another common chemical found in e-cigarettes is ketene. When it enters the lungs after inhaled, this chemical causes damage to the cellular structure of lung tissue causing the cells to not function at maximum capacity and not absorb gasses as readily. This can cause shortness of breath which can lead to other health conditions such as tachycardia and respiratory failure. E-cigarette users who use devices that contain nicotine are exposed to its potentially harmful effects. Nicotine
12862-491: Was an electronic cigarette company that marketed brands of e-cigarettes and vaporizers, including V2 , V2 Pro , Vapor Couture and Vapour2 . In July 2014, Time referred to the company as "the market leader in online sales of e-cigs". A February 2015 article in The Financial Times claimed the company was the "largest online seller of e-cigarettes in the world". It was reported that Juul's rationale for
12980-625: Was complete in 2008. After Philip Morris International spun off, the former international subsidiaries halted the purchase of tobacco from America, which was a major factor in the closing of a newly renovated plant in North Carolina , an approximately 50% reduction in manufacturing, large-scale layoffs, and induced early retirements. In 2008, Altria officially moved its headquarters from New York City to Richmond, Virginia , after Philip Morris sold its downtown offices in New York City
13098-660: Was created because Philip Morris wished to emphasize that its business portfolio had come to consist of more than Philip Morris USA and Philip Morris International; at the time, it owned an 84% stake in Kraft, although that business has since been spun off . The name "Altria" is claimed to come from the Latin word for "high" and was part of a trend of companies rebranding to names that previously did not exist, Accenture (previously Andersen Consulting) and Verizon being notable examples, though linguist Steven Pinker suggests that in fact
13216-751: Was founded on May 22, 2015. The Juul electronic cigarette was introduced by Pax Labs in June 2015. In July 2017, Juul Labs was spun out of PAX Labs as an independent company, with Tyler Goldman, former CEO of PAX Labs, named as CEO of Juul after the spin-off. In December 2017, Goldman was replaced by Kevin Burns. Co-founder James Monsees worked as Chief Product Officer and board member at Juul. Co-founder Adam Bowen worked as Chief Technology Officer and board member at Juul. Other board members include Nicholas Pritzker , whose family owned chewing tobacco giant Conwood , Riaz Valani, and Hoyoung Huh. The company grew from 200 employees in September 2017 to 1,500 by
13334-483: Was pushed by the fact that many smokers were switching to the electronic variant and Altria's own e-cigarette product, MarkTen, was not selling well. Critics have cited the acquisition as proof that the vaping industry and " Big Tobacco ," the latter of which long denied the link between smoking and health complications, are increasingly one and the same. Shortly after the deal, which also allowed Juul to be sold in more places, then FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb called out
13452-433: Was ranked 94th. In 2006, a United States court found that Philip Morris "publicly ... disputed scientific findings linking smoking and disease knowing their assertions were false." In a 2006 ruling, a federal court found that Altria, along with R. J. Reynolds Tobacco, Lorillard and Philip Morris were found guilty of misleading the public about the dangers of smoking. Within this ruling, it was noted that "defendants altered
13570-474: Was reported that Altria was taking a $ 4.5 billion writedown on its stake in Juul, 35% of its original value. On July 28, 2022, it was reported that Altria's investment in Juul is now worth only 5% of the original amount of $ 12.8 billion. Despite the losses, Altria has announced that it will continue to support Juul and avoid investing in competing products. Altria is taking a stake in the global business of Swiss tobacco company Burger Söhne (Helix Innovations with
13688-504: Was reported that Monsees was planning to step down from his role at the company. He would also be stepping down as an adviser and board member. Jose Luis Murillo is the Chief Regulatory Officer of Juul. His previous position was Senior Vice President, Regulatory Affairs at Altria . In October 2018 Juul Labs, Inc. purchased VMR Products, the parent company of V2 e-cigarettes in a $ 75 million deal. VMR Products LLC
13806-460: Was the sixth-most valuable US startup in July 2018, behind Uber and Airbnb . Juul's revenue in 2018 was $ 1 billion, up from approximately $ 245 million in 2017. Juul's success has inspired a number of imitators, namely pod-mod devices with similar boxy designs. These devices come from companies ranging from startups to " Big Tobacco " company R.J. Reynolds . The company filed a complaint with
13924-465: Was writing down $ 4.5 billion of the investment it had made in Juul. Altria cut Juul's valuation to approximately $ 10 billion in October 2020, $ 4.3 billion by March 2021, $ 1.6 billion by March 2022, and $ 450 million in July 2022 (3.5% of the original valuation). K. C. Crosthwaite has been CEO of Juul since 2019. Adam Bowen is the founder and Chief Technology Officer and James Monsees founder and Chief Product Officer. In March 2020, it
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