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25-895: It follows the line of the Jubba River north from the Indian Ocean to the Somalia - Ethiopia border. The valley then splits, one branch following the Dawa River west along the Ethiopia- Kenya frontier, then north into Ethiopia, and the other branch follows the Ganale Dorya River north into Ethiopia. Along with the Shebelle Valley , and the nearby Chamo and Abaya lakes, the Jubba Valley

50-715: A long-time practice in the Horn of Africa, continued unchanged in Ajuran times. Today, numerous ruins and abandoned towns throughout the interior of Somalia and the Horn of Africa are evidence of a once-booming inland trade network dating from the medieval period. With the centralized supervision of the Ajuran, farms in Afgooye , Bardhere and other areas in the Jubba and Shebelle valleys increased their productivity. A system of irrigation ditches known locally as Kelliyo fed directly from

75-403: A lucrative foreign commerce with ships sailing to and coming from Arabia , Persia , India , Venice , Egypt , Portugal , and as far away as Java and China . Over two centuries passed until German explorer Baron Karl Klaus von der Decken ascended on the lower reaches of the river on the small steamship Welf in 1863. He wrecked the steamship in the rapids above Bardhere , where the party

100-573: Is a river in southern Somalia which flows through the region of Jubaland . It begins at the border with Ethiopia , where the Dawa and Ganale Dorya rivers meet, and flows directly south to the Somali Sea, where it empties at the Goobweyn juncture. The Jubba basin covers an area of 749,000 km (289,000 sq mi). The Somali regional state of Jubaland , formerly called Trans-Juba ,

125-515: Is considered an Endemic Bird Area by Birdlife International . The Somali section of Jubba Valley is known as Jubaland . This Somalia location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Ethiopia location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Kenya location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Jubba River The Jubba River or Juba River ( Somali : Webiga Jubba , Italian : fiume Giuba )

150-721: Is named after the river. The Jubba River has a rich history of a once-booming sophisticated civilization and trade network conducted by the powerful Somalis that held sway over the Jubba River. During the Middle Ages Jubba River was under the Ajuran Empire of the Horn of Africa which utilized the Jubba River for its plantations and was the only hydraulic empire in Africa. A hydraulic empire that rose in

175-453: The Nile of Mogadishu , begins in the highlands of Ethiopia , and then flows southeast into Somalia towards Mogadishu . Near Mogadishu, it turns sharply southwest, where it follows the coast. Below Mogadishu, the river becomes seasonal. During most years, the river dries up near the mouth of the Jubba River , while in seasons of heavy rainfall, the river actually reaches the Jubba and thus

200-584: The Shebelle River and Jubba River into the plantations where sorghum , maize , beans, grain and cotton were grown during the gu ( Spring in Somali) and xagaa ( Summer in Somali) seasons of the Somali calendar . This irrigation system was supported by numerous dikes and dams. To determine the average size of a farm, a land measurement system was also invented with moos , taraab and guldeed being

225-549: The limestone wells and cisterns of the state many of which are still in use today. Its rulers developed new systems for agriculture and taxation, which continued to be used in parts of the Horn of Africa as late as the 19th century. Through their control of the region's wells, the Garen rulers effectively held a monopoly over their nomadic subjects as they were the only hydraulic empire in Africa during their reign. Large wells made out of limestone were constructed throughout

250-429: The 13th century AD, Ajuran monopolized the water resources of the Jubba River and Shebelle . Through hydraulic engineering , it also constructed many of the limestone wells and cisterns of the state that are still operative and in use today. Its rulers developed new systems for agriculture and taxation, which continued to be used in parts of the Horn of Africa as late as the 19th century. Through their control of

275-557: The 1970s, the most devastating flood was the kabahay of 1978. In 1996, floods devastated three woredas in Ethiopia. On 23 October 1999, the river unexpectedly flooded in the middle of the night, destroying homes and crops in 14 out of the 117 kebeles in Kelafo woreda, as well as 29 of the 46 kebeles in neighboring Mustahil woreda. According to the local authorities, 34 people and an estimated 750 livestock died, with 70,000 affected by

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300-729: The Shebeli River is inhabited by Somali people in the Somali Region of Ethiopia and Somali people in Somalia. In the lower basin of the river, agriculture has largely replaced the traditional nomadic herding lifestyle, and the cultivation of bananas along the southern stretches of the Shebeli and Jubba rivers contributes significantly to Somalia's export industry. The Shebelle has a number of tributaries , both seasonal and permanent rivers. They include: The Fafen only reaches

325-532: The Shebelle in times of heavy rainfall; its stream usually ends before reaching the main river. During the middle ages, the Shebelle river was under the control of the Ajuran Empire and was largely utilized for its plantations. Coming into prominence during the 13th century AD, the Ajuran monopolized the water resources of the Jubba and Shebelle Rivers. Through hydraulic engineering , they also constructed many of

350-550: The Somali administrative regions of Upper Juba ( Gedo , Bay , Bakool ), Middle Juba and Lower Juba , as well as to the larger historical region of Jubaland . Major cities which the Jubba River passes by include Dolow , Luuq , Burdhubo , Beled'hawo , Bardhere , Buale , and Goobweyn near Kismaayo . Shebelle River The Shebelle River ( Oromo : Laga Shabeellee, Somali : Webi Shabeelle , Amharic : እደላ , Italian : fiume Uebi Scebeli ) also known historically as

375-426: The famous Italian naturalist Giacomo Doria . The Jubba basin region is primarily savanna , and is, ecologically speaking, the richest part of the country due to its fertile farmland. Native wildlife includes giraffes , cheetahs , lions , leopards , hyenas , buffalos , hippopotamus , crocodiles , oryx , gazelles , camels , ostriches , jackals , and Somali wild asses . The Jubba River gives its name to

400-477: The interior of Somalia and the Horn of Africa are evidence of a once-booming inland trade network dating from the medieval period. With the centralized supervision of the Ajuran, farms in Afgooye , Bardhere and other areas in the Jubba and Shabelle rivers increased their productivity. A system of irrigation ditches known locally as Kelliyo fed directly from the Shebelle River and Jubba rivers into

425-431: The interior of the state. The Somali farming communities of the hinterland from Jubba and Shebelle rivers brought their crops to the Somali coastal cities, where they were sold to local merchants who maintained a lucrative foreign commerce with ships sailing to and coming from Arabia , Persia , India , Venice , Egypt , Portugal , and as far away as Java and China . According to Thomas Wakefield, who visited

450-462: The ocean. During periods of heavy rainfall in Ethiopia, the Shebelle River and the Jubba River merge, and their combined waters ultimately reach the Indian Ocean. However, in drier years, the Shebelle River diminishes and transforms into a series of wetlands and sandy plains to the northeast of the confluence with the Jubba. The Shebelle River has a total length of 1,820 km. The area surrounding

475-559: The plantations where sorghum , maize , beans, grain and cotton were grown during the gu ( Spring in Somali) and xagaa ( Summer in Somali) seasons of the Somali calendar . This irrigation system was supported by numerous dikes and dams. To determine the average size of a farm, a land measurement system was also invented with moos , taraab and guldeed being the terms used. The urban centers of Mogadishu , Merca , Barawa , Kismayo and Hobyo and other respective ports became profitable trade outlets for commodities originating from

500-476: The region's wells, the Garen rulers effectively held a monopoly over their nomadic subjects as they were one of the few hydraulic empire in Africa. Large wells made out of limestone were constructed throughout the state, which attracted Somali nomads with their livestock. The centralized regulations of the wells made it easier for the nomads to settle disputes by taking their queries to government officials who would act as mediators. Long distance caravan trade,

525-572: The region, the river was also known as the "Adari River". The source of the Shebelle River is cultivated by the Arsi Oromo , Sidamo and mostly Somalis , respectively. It is surrounded by a sacred enclosure wooded with juniper trees, which as of 1951 was under the protection of a Muslim member of the Arsi. In 1989, with the help of Soviet engineers, the Melka Wakena dam was built on

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550-406: The state, which attracted Somali and Oromo nomads with their livestock. The centralized regulations of the wells made it easier for the nomads to settle disputes by taking their queries to government officials who would act as mediators. Long-distance caravan trade, a long-time practice in the Horn of Africa, continued unchanged in Ajuran times. Today, numerous ruined and abandoned towns throughout

575-457: The terms used. The urban centers of Mogadishu , Merca , Barawa , Kismayo and Hobyo and other respective ports became profitable trade outlets for commodities originating from the interior of the State. The Somali farming communities of the hinterland from Jubba and Shebelle valleys brought their crops to the Somali coastal cities, where they were sold to local merchants who maintained

600-531: The upper reaches of the Shebelle River in the Bale Mountains . Producing 153 megawatts, this dam is Ethiopia’s largest hydroelectric generator. The recent history of the Shabelle is marked by frequent destructive flash floods . The Shabelle is said to have flooded every other year prior to the 1960s; that decade had only two devastating floods, the hidigsayley in 1965, and the soogudud in 1966. In

625-681: Was attacked by local Somalis, ending in the deaths of the Baron and three others in his party. The first European to explore widely and complete the course of the river was the Italian explorer Vittorio Bottego attended by Commander F. G. Dundas British Navy. Bottego and his expedition sailed 640 km (400 miles) of the river in 1891. During his exploration Bottego changed the name of the main affluent of Jubba—the Ganale river—in Ganale Doria after

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