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56-465: On October 15, 1971, the Executive Yuan approved changing the name of the township from Baiquan Township (Paichuan, White Dogs; 白犬鄉 ) to Juguang Township (Chukuang; 莒光鄉 ). They also approved changing the name of Xiquan Island (Hsichuan; 西犬島 ) to Xiju Island (Hsiju; 西莒島 ) and Dongquan Island (Tungchuan; 東犬島 ) to Dongju Island (Tungchu; 東莒島 ). The islands were renamed based on a quote of

112-553: A blade of 7–12 in (18–30 cm). The design and fabrication of the pugio was taken directly from Iberian daggers and short swords; the Romans even adopted the triangular-bladed Iberian dagger, which they called the parazonium . Like the gladius , the pugio was most often used as a thrusting (stabbing weapon). As an extreme close-quarter combat weapon, the pugio was the Roman soldier's last line of defense. When not in battle,

168-579: A common arm and tool for civilian use by the late medieval period. The earliest known depiction of a cross-hilt dagger is the so-called "Guido relief" inside the Grossmünster of Zürich ( c.  1120 ). A number of depictions of the fully developed cross-hilt dagger are found in the Morgan Bible ( c.  1240 ). Many of these cross-hilt daggers resemble miniature swords, with cross guards and pommels very similar in form to swords of

224-449: A meteorite discovered in the area, deposited by an ancient meteor shower . One of the earliest objects made of smelted iron is a dagger dating to before 2000 BC, found in a context that suggests it was treated as an ornamental object of great value. Found in a Hattic royal tomb dated about 2500 BC, at Alaca Höyük in northern Anatolia, the dagger has a smelted iron blade and a gold handle. The artisans and blacksmiths of Iberia in what

280-739: A new election for legislators. The Executive Yuan is headed by the Premier (or President of the Executive Yuan) and includes its Vice Premier, twelve cabinet ministers, various chairpersons of commissions, and five to nine ministers without portfolio. The Vice Premier, ministers, and chairpersons are appointed by the President of the Republic of China on the recommendation of the Premier. Its formation, as one of five branches ("Yuans") of

336-551: A pre-Celtic people dominating the lands west of Iberia (most of modern Portugal and Extremadura ) successfully held off the Roman Empire for many years with a variety of innovative tactics and light weapons, including iron-bladed short spears and daggers modeled after Iberian patterns. During the Roman Empire, legionaries were issued a pugio (from the Latin pugnō , or "fight"), a double-edged iron thrusting dagger with

392-559: A ring from the girdle". In the Late Middle Ages, knives with blade designs that emphasized thrusting attacks, such as the stiletto, became increasingly popular, and some thrusting knives commonly referred to as 'daggers' ceased to have a cutting edge. This was a response to the deployment of heavy armor, such as maille and plate armour , where cutting attacks were ineffective and focus was on thrusts with narrow blades to punch through mail or aim at armour plate intersections (or

448-665: A series of combat readiness tests carried out by MAAG were completed on April 15, 1955, the overall Chinese Nationalist defense preparations for the Matsu Islands were rated as satisfactory. One of the weaknesses noted was "the seriously understrength regiment garrisoning the Paichuan (White Dog) Islands group". In July 1956, the islands were transferred to Lienchiang County. The islands were divided into two townships: Xiquan and Dongquan. On August 19, 1958, President Chiang Kai-shek visited Xiju Island (then Xiquan) and spoke to

504-581: A single cutting edge, such as the European rondel dagger or the Afghan pesh-kabz , or, in some instances, no cutting edge at all, such as the stiletto of the Renaissance . However, in the last hundred years or so, in most contexts, a dagger has certain definable characteristics, including a short blade with a sharply tapered point, a central spine or fuller , and usually two cutting edges sharpened

560-955: A speech by Chiang Kai-shek , "forget not that you're in Ju" ( 毋忘在莒 ; Wú wàng zài Jǔ; Ù uông câi Gṳ̄). It refers to the City of Ju , where the king of Qi prepared a counterattack that retook his country from the State of Yan . This is an analogy of Matsu and Taiwan generally as bases of the Republic of China (ROC) to regenerate itself and one day recover mainland China from the Chinese Communist Party . Dongju and Xiju Islands were previously named Dongquan (Tung-ch'üan Tao/Tung-ch'uan Tao 東犬 ; Dĕ̤ng-kēng) and Xiquan (Hsi-ch'üan Tao/Hsi-ch'uan Tao 西犬 ; Să̤-kēng) Islands, meaning "Eastern Dog" and "Western Dog" respectively. They have also been called

616-423: Is nothing more than a shortened dagger that is compact enough to be worn on the lower leg, usually by means of a sheath clipped or strapped to a boot or other footwear. The dagger is symbolically ambiguous. For some cultures and military organizations the dagger symbolizes courage and daring in combat. However, daggers may be associated with deception or treachery due to the ease of concealment and surprise that

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672-485: Is now southern Spain and southwestern France produced various iron daggers and swords of high quality from the 5th to the 3rd century BC, in ornamentation and patterns influenced by Greek, Punic (Carthaginian), and Phoenician culture. The exceptional purity of Iberian iron and the sophisticated method of forging, which included cold hammering, produced double-edged weapons of excellent quality. One can find technologically advanced designs such as folding knives rusted among

728-1547: Is on Xiju, while Lienchiang County Jinguang Township Dong Jyu Junior High & Elementary School (連江縣莒光鄉東莒國民中小學) is on Dongju. National Matsu Senior High School  [ zh ] (國立馬祖高級中學), operated by the national government, is located in Nangan . Executive Yuan Lai Ching-te ( DPP ) Hsiao Bi-khim ( DPP ) Cho Jung-tai ( DPP ) 11th Legislative Yuan Han Kuo-yu ( KMT ) Shieh Ming-yan acting Vacant Vacant Vacant Control Yuan Chen Chu Lee Hung-chun Local government Central Election Commission Kuomintang Democratic Progressive Party Taiwan People's Party Others New Power Party Taiwan Statebuilding Party People First Party Taiwan Solidarity Union New Party Non-Partisan Solidarity Union Newspapers United Daily News Liberty Times China Times Taipei Times Propaganda Censorship Film censorship Lin Chia-lung Cross-Strait relations Special state-to-state relations One Country on Each Side 1992 Consensus Taiwan consensus Chinese Taipei Australia–Taiwan relations Canada–Taiwan relations France–Taiwan relations Russia–Taiwan relations Taiwan–United Kingdom relations Taiwan–United States relations Republic of China (1912–1949) Chinese Civil War One-China policy China and

784-597: Is powered up by Xiju Power Plant located in Xiju Island and Dongju Power Plant located in Dongju Island. Due to the changes in electricity needs, both islands were interconnected by submarine power cable since 2000. Previously, water supply had been scarce in Xiju Island despite having water wells drilled around the island by the residents. Later the military built a dam and formed the Ledao'ao Reservoir for

840-460: Is used from the 1380s. During this time, the dagger was often employed in the role of a secondary defense weapon in close combat . The knightly dagger evolved into the larger baselard knife in the 14th century. During the 14th century, it became fairly common for knights to fight on foot to strengthen the infantry defensive line. This necessitated more use of daggers. At Agincourt (1415) archers used them to dispatch dismounted knights by thrusting

896-583: The Mysterious Little Bay . There is one accessible seaport on Xiju, and two on Dongju. Juguang can be reached by ferry from Fuao Harbor in Nangan or by helicopter which only operates during the winter and priority on which is given to local residents. There are two public elementary and junior high schools in Juguang: Lienchiang County Jingheng Junior High & Elementary School (連江縣敬恆國民中小學)

952-549: The pugio served as a convenient utility knife. The term dagger appears only in the Late Middle Ages , reflecting the fact that while the dagger had been known in antiquity, it had disappeared during the Early Middle Ages, replaced by the hewing knife or seax . The dagger reappeared in the 12th century as the "knightly dagger", or more properly cross-hilt or quillon dagger, and was developed into

1008-491: The 2018 election, Mayor Hsieh Chun-Lan ( 謝春欗 ) was re-elected mayor, defeating her opponent Chen Shun-Shou ( 陳順壽 ) by over a hundred votes. Hsieh called for rebuilding the former township office as a resort, beautification of the township, and creation of a vibrant sight-seeing economy. In 2020, undersea communications cables between Nangan and Juguang were damaged by sand dredgers from mainland China on five occasions, disrupting phone and internet services. Dongju (Tong Chu),

1064-532: The 6-ton fishing boat Kuanghua 16638 was slammed by a communist vessel near the Liuchuan reefs ( 劉泉礁 ) off the coast of Chukuang. On September 21, 1979, and on May 3, 1980, President Chiang Ching-kuo visited the township. On June 18, 1993, President Lee Teng-hui visited the Dongju Elementary School. On June 24, 2001, Typhoon Chebi caused 3,000,000 yuan of damage on the islands. In

1120-639: The Ancient Greek goddess of witchcraft . The social stigma of the dagger originates in its periodic use in the commission of disreputable and murderous attacks, from the 44 BC assassination of Julius Caesar to the use of the stiletto dagger by the Black Hand of early 20th century America. Consequently, it developed a public association with surprise assaults by criminals and murderers intent on stabbing unsuspecting victims. To this day, criminal codes of many nations and some US states specifically ban

1176-768: The Legislative Yuan. The Executive Yuan Council must present the Legislators with an annual policy statement and an administrative report. The Legislative Committee may also summon members of the Executive Yuan Council for questioning. Whenever there is disagreement between the Legislative Council and Executive Yuan Council, the Legislative Committee may pass a resolution asking the Executive Yuan Council to alter

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1232-563: The United Nations Chinese unification Taiwan independence movement Taiwanese nationalism Tangwai movement The Executive Yuan ( Chinese : 行政院 ; pinyin : Xíngzhèng Yuàn ) is the executive branch of the government of the Republic of China ( Taiwan ). Under the amended constitution , the head of the Executive Yuan is the Premier who is positioned as the head of government and has

1288-591: The Vietnam War, the Gerber Mark II , designed by US Army Captain Bud Holzman and Al Mar, was a popular fighting knife pattern that was privately purchased by many U.S. soldiers and marines who served in that war. Aside from military forces, most daggers are no longer carried openly, but concealed in clothing. One of the more popular forms of the concealable dagger is the boot knife . The boot knife

1344-466: The White Dogs (Paichuan, Baiquan) or White Dog Islands ( 白犬島 ; Băh-kēng-dō̤) or Baiken Islands (白肯島). The name Baiquan (白犬) has been connected with the homophonous name Baiquan (白畎). On May 15, 1617, sixty-nine wokou were captured alive in the area. In 1872, construction of Dongsha (Tungsha) Lighthouse ( Dongquan Lighthouse ) began. In December 1939, Japanese naval forces from Taiwan occupied

1400-548: The artifacts of many Second Iberian Iron Age cremation burials or in Roman Empire excavations all around Spain and the Mediterranean. Iberian infantrymen carried several types of iron daggers, most of them based on shortened versions of double-edged swords, but the true Iberian dagger had a triangular-shaped blade. Iberian daggers and swords were later adopted by Hannibal and his Carthaginian armies. The Lusitanii ,

1456-648: The carrying of the dagger as a prohibited weapon. The dagger is in military use as a close combat and ceremonial arm. Many nations use the dagger pattern in the form of the bayonet. Daggers are commonly used as part of the insignias of elite military units or special forces, such as the US Army Special Operations Command, the US Army Special Forces, or the Commando Dagger patch for those who have completed

1512-524: The commandos, who used it primarily for sentry elimination. Some units of the U.S. Marine Corps Raiders in the Pacific were issued a similar fighting dagger, the Marine Raider stiletto , though this modified design proved less than successful when used in the type of knife combat encountered in the Pacific theater due to this version using inferior materials and manufacturing techniques. During

1568-432: The dagger have made it iconic and symbolic. A dagger in the modern sense is a weapon designed for close-proximity combat or self-defense; due to its use in historic weapon assemblages, it has associations with assassination and murders. Double-edged knives, however, play different sorts of roles in different social contexts. A wide variety of thrusting knives have been described as daggers, including knives that feature only

1624-532: The dagger. These techniques in some respects resemble modern knife fighting , but emphasized thrusting strokes almost exclusively, instead of slashes and cuts. When used offensively, a standard attack frequently employed the reverse or icepick grip , stabbing downward with the blade to increase thrust and penetrative force. This was done primarily because the blade point frequently had to penetrate or push apart an opponent's steel chain mail or plate armor in order to inflict an injury. The disadvantage of employing

1680-437: The early Bronze Age , in the 3rd millennium BC, and copper daggers of Early Minoan III (2400–2000 BC) were recovered at Knossos . In ancient Egypt, daggers were usually made of copper or bronze, while royalty had gold weapons. At least since pre-dynastic Egypt , ( c.  3100 BC ) daggers were adorned as ceremonial objects with golden hilts and later even more ornate and varied construction. One early silver dagger

1736-634: The eye slits of the helmet visor). These late medieval thrusting weapons are sometimes classed by the shape of their hilt as either roundel , bollock or ear daggers. The term dagger is coined in this time, as are the Early Modern German equivalents dolch ( tolch ) and degen ( tegen ). In the German school of fencing , Johannes Liechtenauer ( Ms. 3227a ) and his successors (specifically Andres Lignizer in Cod. 44 A 8 ) taught fighting with

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1792-521: The following bodies are no longer agencies under the Executive Yuan: In the Executive Yuan Council, the current ministers without portfolio are: The Executive Yuan Council, commonly referred to as "The Cabinet" ( 內閣 ), is the chief policymaking organ of the ROC government. It consists of the premier, who presides over its meetings, the vice premier, ministers without portfolio, the heads of

1848-501: The full length of the blade, or nearly so. Most daggers also feature a full crossguard to keep the hand from riding forwards onto the sharpened blade edges. Daggers are primarily weapons, so knife legislation in many places restricts their manufacture, sale, possession, transport, or use. The earliest daggers were made of materials such as flint , ivory or bone in Neolithic times. Copper daggers appeared first in

1904-670: The government, stemmed from the Three Principles of the People , the constitutional theory of Sun Yat-sen , but was adjusted constitutionally over the years to adapt to the situation in the ROC by changes in the laws and the Constitution of the Republic of China . The heads of these independent institutions under the Executive Yuan Council would not be affected by any change of the Premier. Duencies may be dissolved or merged with other agencies. Based on Executive Yuan website,

1960-676: The islands. The islands were originally part of the Changle County before the ROC government evacuated to Taiwan. It is considered by the People's Republic of China government as part of Changle City of the Fuzhou City . In September 1953, the Changlo County ( 長樂縣 ) government was established on the islands. Western Enterprises ( 西方公司 ), a CIA front organization, had a communications base on Xiquan (Hsichuan). After

2016-425: The medieval dagger in this manner was that it could easily be blocked by a variety of techniques, most notably by a block with the weaponless arm while simultaneously attacking with a weapon held in the right hand. Another disadvantage was the reduction in effective blade reach to the opponent when using a reverse grip. As the wearing of armor fell out of favor, dagger fighting techniques began to evolve which emphasized

2072-766: The ministries, and the heads of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission and the Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission. The secretary-general and the deputy secretary-general of the Executive Yuan also attend, as well as heads of other Executive Yuan organizations by invitation, but they have no vote. Article 58 of the Constitution empowers the Executive Yuan Council to evaluate statutory and budgetary bills concerning martial law , amnesty , declarations of war , conclusion of peace or treaties, and other important affairs before submission to

2128-503: The narrow blades through helmet vents and other apertures. The baselard was considered an intermediate between a short sword and a long dagger, and became popular also as a civilian weapon. Sloane MS . 2593 ( c.  1400 ) records a song satirizing the use of oversized baselard knives as fashion accessories. Weapons of this sort called anelace , somewhere between a large dagger and a short sword, were much in use in 14th century England as civilians' accoutrements , worn "suspended by

2184-457: The only weapon commoners were allowed to carry on their person. In English, the terms poniard and dirk are loaned during the late 16th to early 17th century, the latter in the spelling dork , durk (presumably via Low German, Dutch or Scandinavian dolk, dolch , ultimately from a West Slavic tulich ), the modern spelling dirk dating to 18th-century Scots . Beginning in the 17th century, another form of dagger—the plug bayonet and later

2240-579: The period. Others, however, are not an exact match to known sword designs, having for example pommel caps, large hollow star shaped pommels on so-called "Burgundian Heraldic daggers" or antenna style cross and pommel, reminiscent of Hallstatt era daggers. The cross-hilt type persisted well into the Renaissance The Old French term dague appears to have referred to these weapons in the 13th century, alongside other terms such as poignal and basilard . The Middle English dagger

2296-407: The policy proposal in question. The Executive Yuan may, in turn, ask the Legislators to reconsider. Afterwards, if the Legislative Council upholds the original resolution, the premier must abide by the resolution or resign. The Executive Yuan Council may also present an alternative budgetary bill if the one passed by the Legislative Committee is deemed difficult to execute. The Executive Yuan Building

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2352-524: The power to appoint members to serve in the cabinet, while the ROC President is the head of state under the semi-presidential system , who can appoint the Premier and nominate the members of the cabinet. The Premier may be removed by a vote of no-confidence by a majority of the Legislative Yuan, after which the President may either remove the Premier or dissolve the Legislative Yuan and initiate

2408-607: The public since 2003. It is accessible within walking distance east of Taipei Main Station or west of Shandao Temple Station of Taipei Metro . Dagger A dagger is a fighting knife with a very sharp point and usually one or two sharp edges, typically designed or capable of being used as a cutting or thrusting weapon. Daggers have been used throughout human history for close combat confrontations, and many cultures have used adorned daggers in ritual and ceremonial contexts. The distinctive shape and historic usage of

2464-456: The sabres worn by officers, which were too long and clumsy for trench warfare. They were worn with pride as a sign of having served front line duty. Daggers achieved public notoriety in the 20th century as ornamental uniform regalia during the Fascist dictatorships of Mussolini's Italy and Hitler's Germany. Dress daggers were used by several other countries as well, including Japan, but never to

2520-652: The same extent. As combat equipment they were carried by many infantry and commando forces during the Second World War . British Commando and other elite units were issued an especially slender dagger, the Fairbairn–Sykes fighting knife , developed by William E. Fairbairn and Eric A. Sykes from real-life close-combat experiences gained while serving on the Shanghai Municipal Police Force. The F-S dagger proved very popular with

2576-535: The socket bayonet —was used to convert muskets and other longarms into spears by mounting them on the barrel. They were periodically used for eating; the arm was also used for a variety of other tasks such as mending boots, house repairs and farm jobs. The final function of the dagger was as an obvious and ostentatious means of enhancing a man's personal apparel, conforming to fashion which dictated that all men carried them. WW1 trench warfare caused daggers and fighting knives to come back in play. They also replaced

2632-553: The soldiers there. In September 1960, the two townships were united into one, Paichuan (Baiquan) township. On July 23, 1964, Chiang Ching-kuo visited the islands. On October 15, 1971, the Executive Yuan approved changing the name of the township from Baiquan Township (Paichuan, White Dogs; 白犬鄉 ) to Juguang Township (Chukuang; 莒光鄉 ). They also approved changing the name of Xiquan Island (Hsichuan; 西犬島 ) to Xiju Island (Hsiju; 西莒島 ) and Dongquan Island (Tungchuan; 東犬島 ) to Dongju Island (Tungchu; 東莒島 ). On December 30, 1977,

2688-534: The southernmost of the Matsu Islands, is 2.63 km and Sijyu 2.36 km. Islets includes like Yongliu (永留嶼 Yongliu) near Dongju. Dongju is shaped like a dagger , while Xiju a triangle , so seemingly bigger on maps. Some cliffs of Dongjyu is severely corroded by wind , creating a strangely aesthetic appearance. Other islands include Linaoyu ( 林坳嶼 ) also known as Lintouyu ( 林頭嶼 ), Xiniuyu ( 犀牛嶼 ), Dayu ( 大嶼 ), Xiaoyu ( 小嶼 ), and Sheshan ( 蛇山 ). The northernmost and easternmost points of Juguang Township are on Dayu,

2744-498: The use of the dagger with a conventional or forward grip, while the reverse or icepick grip was retained when attacking an unsuspecting opponent from behind, such as in an assassination. The dagger was very popular as a fencing and personal defense weapon in 17th and 18th century Spain, where it was referred to as the daga or puñal . During the Renaissance Age the dagger was used as part of everyday dress, and daggers were

2800-517: The user could inflict upon an unsuspecting victim. Indeed, many assassinations have been carried out with the use of a dagger, including that of Julius Caesar . A cloak and dagger attack is one in which a deceitful, traitorous, or concealed enemy attacks a person. Some have noted a phallic association between daggers and the succession of royal dynasties in British literature. In European artwork, daggers were sometimes associated with Hecate ,

2856-685: The water needs of residents, defense and irrigation. The 19.5-metre (54-step) Dongquan Lighthouse on northern Dongjyu, made during the late Qing dynasty with granite. The guiding light is in the shape of a clam and can reach 16.7 nautical miles (30.9 km). Dongju Lighthouse is a second-level national historic building. In front of the lighthouse, there used to be four mist-cannon for signaling, but has now been removed and placed in Matsu Folk Culture Museum . The 42- character Dapu Inscription , in Dapu Seaport of Dongju,

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2912-540: The westernmost point is on Sheshan, and the southernmost point is on Linaoyu. Linaoyu is also the southernmost point of the Matsu Islands. Juguang is across from Meihua Town ( 梅花 镇 ), Changle District , Fuzhou, Fujian, China (PRC). Administratively the islands are part of the Lienchiang County . Neither Dongju nor Xiju has an island-wide administrative level. The islands are divided into five rural villages : Xiju Island Dongju Island The township

2968-433: Was built in 1940 as the new city hall for Taipei , on the site of Huashan Elementary School. After Taiwan was handed over to the Republic of China in 1945, Taipei's city hall was moved to the former campus of Jian Cheng Elementary School. The old city hall building was turned over to house the provincial government for Taiwan . It became the Executive Yuan building in 1957. The Executive Yuan building has been open to

3024-575: Was made during the Wanli era of the Ming dynasty , concerning the capture of pirates alive. Remembering-the-Past Pavilion (懷古亭 Huaigu Ting) was constructed in 1966 sheltering the stone. In the sea south of the Sijyu, there is Snake Mountain (蛇山). The main island has a small Green-sail Seaport (青帆港), two water reservoirs and a middle - elementary school , but are not major tourist attractions. It also features

3080-537: Was not found in Egypt, making the iron dagger rare, and the context suggests that the iron dagger was valued on a level equal to that of its ceremonial gold counterpart. These facts, and the composition of the dagger had long suggested a meteoritic origin, however, evidence for its meteoritic origin was not entirely conclusive until June 2016 when researchers using x-ray fluorescence spectrometry confirmed similar proportions of metals (Iron, 10% nickel, and 0.6% cobalt) in

3136-563: Was recovered with midrib design. The 1924 opening of the tomb of Tutankhamun revealed two daggers, one with a gold blade, and one of smelted iron. It is held that mummies of the Eleventh Dynasty were buried with bronze sabres; and there is a bronze dagger of Thut-mes III. (Eighteenth Dynasty), c.  B.C. 1600 , and bronze armour, swords and daggers of Mene-ptah II. of the (Nineteenth Dynasty) c.  B.C 1300 . Iron production did not begin until 1200 BC, and iron ore

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