Misplaced Pages

#181818

59-728: The Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg (also referred to as the University of Würzburg , in German Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg ) is a public research university in Würzburg , Germany. It is one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in Germany, having been founded in 1402. The university initially had a brief run and was closed in 1415. It was reopened in 1582 on the initiative of Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn . Today,

118-647: A lengthy planning and processing phase. It replaces the former sb@home portal and uses the HISinOne software developed by the Hochschul-Informations-System. Today, around 28,000 students are enrolled at the university. In addition, there are more than 8,600 students at the University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt , founded on 1 August 1971, and around 750 students at the University of Music. Thus, every fourth citizen of Würzburg

177-523: A new building on Klinikstraße 8. As an assistant to the surgeon Cajetan von Textor , Robert von Welz was also one of the pioneers of ether anesthesia in the German-speaking world. He developed an inhaler and, after testing it on himself and others in the winter of 1846/47, published the first work on it, and thus established modern anesthesiology in Würzburg. In the winter semester of 1876/77,

236-544: A supporter of the Habsburgs, despite numerous and significant political differences. His considered, moderately absolutist, rule served him well in reorganizing administration, finance and education in both bishoprics. In 1735 he helped to turn the Bamberger Akademie into a full university , by adding law and medical faculties. In 1743 he gave the University of Würzburg new study regulations. He implemented

295-400: A university with four faculties hoping that an influx of teaching staff and students in his territory would cover the need for qualified lawyers and clerics and thus lead to an upturn in the city's economy. He bought the buildings needed for teaching from members of his cathedral chapter. On 10 December 1402, he was granted the required privilege from Pope Boniface IX . This put Würzburg among

354-520: Is Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (or "Julius-Maximilian University of Würzburg") but it is commonly referred to as the University of Würzburg . This name is taken from Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn , Prince-Bishop of Würzburg , who reestablished the university in 1582, and Prince Elector Maximilian Joseph , the prince under whom secularization occurred at the start of the 19th century. The university's central administration, foreign student office, and several research institutes are located within

413-651: Is a Sparkassen Lecture Hall, a Brose Lecture Hall and an AOK Lecture Hall. The student representatives criticized that the university ran the risk of becoming dependent on its sponsors because the State was reluctant to renovate lecture halls. The tower of Neubaukirche (university auditorium), with its height of 91 meters the city's tallest church tower, has one of the four carillons in Bavaria. Between Easter and Christmas, public concerts of about 30 minutes are given on it every Wednesday at 5:30 p.m. In March 2016, JMU

472-410: Is a student. With a total of more than 10,000 employees, the university and its hospital are among the largest employers in the region. Due to the university's history, its institutes and hospitals are spread over the entire city. Facilities are found in the following places, among others: The University of Würzburg has been ranked globally and nationally in several university rankings . As of 2024,

531-924: The Hofburg Palace in Vienna (1723–30) by Lukas von Hildebrandt , where he lived in an apartment. As his private country resort near Vienna, he built the Blauer Hof Laxenburg (1710-1720) and also the Schönborn Palace near Göllersdorf in Lower Austria; there he also purchased Weyerburg Castle. In 1740 he acquired the Palais Schönborn-Batthyány and moved there. He was appointed coadjutor bishop of Bamberg in 1708, with Pope Clement XI confirming his appointment on 19 May 1710. Friedrich Karl's opposition to

590-599: The Holy Roman Empire from 1705 to 1734. Friedrich Karl (or Carl) von Schönborn was born in Mainz on 3 March 1674, the second son of Melchior Friedrich, Count of Schönborn-Buchheim  [ de ] (1644-1717, see List of rulers of Schönborn ) and his wife, Maria Anna Sophia von Boineburg (1652–1726). Friedrich Karl was the nephew of Lothar Franz von Schönborn , Archbishop-Elector of Mainz . Friedrich Karl's older brother Johann Philipp Franz von Schönborn

649-599: The Pragmatic Sanction , as well as his frequent absences from Vienna, caused him to lose influence at the court after 1730. When the cathedral chapter of Würzburg elected a new bishop in 1724, they rejected Friedrich Karl, due to the unpopularity of his brother Johann Philipp Franz. Christoph Franz von Hutten was elected Bishop of Würzburg instead. In 1724, Friedrich Karl became Dompropst at Würzburg and upon his uncle Lothar Franz' death on 30 January 1729, he succeeded as Prince-Bishop of Bamberg. On 18 May 1729 he

SECTION 10

#1732790265182

708-609: The QS World University Rankings places the university at 440 globally and 23rd in Germany. According to the Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2024, it is positioned at 175th globally and 17th nationally. In the 2023 ARWU World Rankings , the University of Würzburg is within the 201-300 range globally and within the 10–19 range nationally. Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn Mespelbrunn

767-605: The University of Würzburg which was opened 2 January 1582. It became a model for all similar Counter-Reformation institutions. Under the Jesuits it flourished, grew rapidly, and furnished the see with the priests and officials needed to prosecute the Counter-Reformation. He also founded a seminary in 1589. The bishop took decisive steps against Protestants. He banished all Lutheran preachers from his territory and removed all priests who were unwilling to observe

826-546: The perpetual adoration at Würzburg in 1736. In both bishoprics he built or renovated numerous churches, often using Würzburg engineer Balthasar Neumann . Under him, Neumann also completed the Würzburg Residence (begun under his brother) and the Schönbornkapelle of Würzburg Cathedral . Friedrich Karl also had Neumann build a new summer residence at Werneck . He died on 26 July 1746 at Würzburg and

885-749: The priesthood, was appointed to the office of the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg. During the first ten years of Echter's government, the attempt to unite the Abbey of Fulda and the Bishopric of Würzburg, after the deposition of the Prince-Abbot Balthasar von Dernbach, caused much confusion. From the beginning, he carried out a thorough ecclesiastical restoration. To this end, he promoted the Jesuits and their ministry. Echter re-founded

944-532: The "Kollegienhaus", which was completed in 1853 and was the first modern "biocentre" in Germany. The first full professor of ophthalmology, appointed in 1866 by the Bavarian king, was Robert Ritter von Welz, a student of Albrecht von Graefe . In 1857, the doctor, who had been teaching ophthalmology and dentistry in Würzburg since 1850, opened a private eye clinic in the former birthing house of Adam Elias von Siebold on Klinikstraße 6. On 4 January 1858, he acquired

1003-507: The "founder and soul of the Catholic League ", he exercised a decisive influence on the future of Germany. Echter also had around 300 churches built or renovated as well as constructing numerous rectories and school buildings in his territory. Würzburger Hofbräu makes a wheat beer called Julius Echter Hefe-Weissbier in honor of the bishop. The Old Library of Magdalene College, Cambridge has books previously owned by

1062-533: The Department for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology (Extraordinarius D. Wiebecke). Furthermore, on 16 June 1969, the first Bavarian chair for anesthesiology was established in the medical faculty, headed by his professor Karl-Heinz Weis (* 1927). Weis had already been in charge of the anesthesiology department since 1966 when Werner Wachsmuth was head of the surgical clinic. The former Chair for Genetic Science and Race Research, which Gebsattel had taken over,

1121-712: The Netherlands, England and France. He finished his studies at the Sorbonne . He received the minor orders in 1701. In 1703/4, his uncle Lothar Franz sent him as envoy for the Archbishopric of Mainz to the imperial court at Vienna. He became a canon of Würzburg Cathedral in 1704, and a canon of Bamberg Cathedral in 1705. In 1705, Friedrich Karl became Vice-Chancellor for Emperor Joseph I ; he held this post under Joseph and his successor, Charles VI , until 1734. In this position, Friedrich Karl worked to protect

1180-660: The affiliated midwifery school moved from Welzhaus on Klinikstraße to the Grombühl district. An Institute for Genetics and Race Research was set up in Welzhaus on Klinikstraße 6 in November 1938 and inaugurated in May 1939. Between 1933 and 1945, the University of Würzburg deprived 184 scientists of their doctoral degrees. Above all, scientists of Jewish origin were thus degraded. After the critical processing of these events in 2010,

1239-497: The architect of the building was Georg Robin. Theologians, lawyers and humanities scholars were accommodated in this complex which today is called "Alte Universität". The medical faculty found its home in Juliusspital. Initially, the university was only open to Catholic students. In 1734, Prince Bishop Friedrich Karl von Schönborn issued new study regulations which opened it up to non-Catholics, too. First, theology in Würzburg

SECTION 20

#1732790265182

1298-432: The area of the old town, while the new liberal arts campus, with its modern library, overlooks the city from the east. The university today enrolls approximately 29,000 students, out of which more than 1,000 come from other countries. The university was founded as the "High School of Würzburg" on an initiative started in 1401 by Prince Bishop Johann von Egloffstein . He wanted to transform the "Gymnasium herbipolense" into

1357-575: The bishop in their collection. St John's College, Cambridge also holds 20 volumes which previously belonged to him; these were taken from Mespelbrunn's library during the Thirty Years War. Friedrich Karl von Sch%C3%B6nborn Friedrich Karl von Schönborn (or Friedrich Carl, 1674–1746) was the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg and Prince-Bishop of Bamberg from 1729 to 1746. He also served as Reichsvizekanzler (Vice-Chancellor) of

1416-479: The building, which was donated by the Welzsche Marienstiftung for Poor People with Eye Diseases according to Welz' will in 1878 and became the first Würzburg university eye clinic. The former delivery house, which had been founded in 1805 as the first maternity clinic in Würzburg and a training center for midwives and obstetricians, in 1857, under Friedrich Wilhelm Scanzoni von Lichtenfels, moved to

1475-440: The chemistry center (from 1965 to 1972 the rooms for organic chemistry, pharmacy and food chemistry, inorganic chemistry and a central building were set up), the philosophy building, the university library, the biocentre (1992), sports facilities, buildings for physics, mathematics and computer science, a computer centre, a new canteen and student residences. In 2011, the central lecture hall and seminar building for all faculties (Z6)

1534-454: The cities with the oldest universities in the then German-speaking area – Prague (1348), Vienna (1365), Heidelberg (1386), Cologne (1388) and Erfurt (1392), and made Würzburg the oldest university in Bavaria. Among the teachers at the university were Winand von Steeg, Johannes Ambundi and Bartholomäus Fröwein. Already before 1430, however, teaching was suspended shortly after the death of Prince Bishop von Egloffstein. The reason for

1593-526: The decline was primarily the lack of funding, since it had not been possible to establish a foundation that had its own benefice. On 30 November 1413, the rector of the university, Johann Zantfurt, was murdered by his valet; the circumstances were never clarified. Later, Lorenz Fries bought the university building. In 1427, the "Hohe Schule" was mentioned for the last time in a document. By that time, it had not been dissolved yet, but had become insignificant. Friedrich von Wirsberg , who became prince-bishop in 1558,

1652-604: The different affiliations of the university to the Electorate of Bavaria , which perished in 1806, to the Grand Duchy of Würzburg , which existed as a Rhineland state until 1814, and then to the Kingdom of Bavaria . In the winter semester of 1838/39, the "Königliche Universität zu Würzburg" was renamed "Königliche Julius-Maximilians-Universität" and two years later "Königlich Bayerische Julius-Maximilians-Universität" which

1711-404: The early 19th century, after Würzburg had come under Bavarian rule, that the university gave up its ecclesiastical-Catholic character. The modern development of medical subjects began in the 18th century with the establishment of the medical clinic – in 1767, the "internist" and chemist Franz Heinrich Meinolf Wilhelm became the first head of the Juliusspital hospital. The surgical university clinic

1770-449: The following year, and thus bears the year 1583. Statutes for the medical faculty were drawn up in 1587. Although the number of lecturers was not complete until 1593, the first medical student, Georg Leyerer from Ebersbrunn, was already enrolled on 2 October 1585. In 1591, the four-winged university building and the associated church (Neubaukirche) in one of its angles, both commissioned by Julius Echter, were completed. It seems certain that

1829-470: The former conservatory became a university of music. In 1981, the University Library of Würzburg moved into its new building on Hubland. On 31 January 1983, a poisoned drink attack was carried out at the university. The drinks, which were mixed with thallium(I) sulfate, were put in front of a lecture hall together with a note declaring them as leftovers from a carnival party and donating them to

University of Würzburg - Misplaced Pages Continue

1888-404: The freshmen. The medical student Robert A. died as a result of the poisoning; eleven other students had to be treated in the hospital; the law student Peter S. sustained lasting damage. The perpetrator could never be identified. On 12 April 2011, the university opened its new Campus North, right next to Hubland campus: An additional site of 39 hectares is now available for the future development of

1947-404: The heart was brought back to the rebuilt Renaissance church and placed within a heart monument weighing two tons. The church had been secularized and turned into the great hall of the university. He is also identified by Dillinger (2009) as one of the "spearheads of Tridentine reform in Germany. For them, the fight against witches was clearly part of an apocalyptic battle against evil and for

2006-469: The late 1970s. On 11 May 1965, the university laid the foundation stone for the new Hubland Campus on a hill in the east of Würzburg. The 111-hectare (270-acre) site had been acquired by the Free State of Bavaria from the city of Würzburg in 1962 already, to make room for the more than 6,000 students enrolled at Alma Julia. In the years that followed, numerous new buildings were put up there, among them

2065-425: The new University Hospital of Würzburg on the outskirts of the city. It was called "Luitpold Krankenhaus". The State Luitpold Hospital was solemnly handed over on 2 November 1921, and within one year the various clinics moved into it. By the summer semester that year, the proportion of students enrolled in medicine had risen to 60 percent. In 1934, under its director Carl Joseph Gauss, the university women's clinic and

2124-400: The number of students at the University of Würzburg exceeded 1,000 for the first time. In 1888, the university, whose medical faculty was one of the most important after Vienna and Prague between 1850 and 1880, received its own pharmaceutical institute. On 28 October 1896, a new main building, called "Neue Universität", was inaugurated on Sanderring (its construction began in 1892); it is still

2183-401: The papal privileges to re-establish the university (see also Erasmus Neustetter called Stürmer). This time, financing was better ensured, and student regulations were stricter. On 2 January 1582, first the theological and philosophical faculties were reopened, and their deans appointed. The name of the university was "Academia Iulia" (Julius University). The university seal was not created until

2242-478: The purity of the church". His most lasting monument, after the University of Würzburg, is the Julius Hospital ( Juliusspital ) in that town, which he founded with the endowment of the abandoned monastery of Heiligenthal. By skillful administration he improved the economic conditions, reduced taxes and improved the administration of justice. He proved himself one of the most capable rulers of his time. As

2301-491: The rules of their office. Public officials had to be Catholics, and none but Catholic teachers could be appointed. He began, moreover, courses of careful instruction for non-Catholics, and to some extent threatened them with penalties and even with banishment. Within three years about 100,000 returned to the Catholic Church. Echter died on 9 September 1617, aged 72, at Marienberg Fortress . The main part of his body

2360-490: The seat of the university management today. On 3 June 1896, Marcella O'Grady Boveri was the first woman to be admitted to the Würzburg Medical Faculty. The first woman to habilitate at the University of Würzburg was the psychologist Maria Schorn in 1929. A new eye clinic was opened on Röntgenring 12 in 1901, with the portrait of Welz engraved over the portal. Welzhaus on Klinikstraße 6 was affiliated to

2419-623: The security of the smaller Imperial Estates , and to strengthen imperial authority. He successfully opposed attempts by Prussia to expand its influence in southern Germany. During his early years he spent most of his time at the Imperial court in Vienna. He had the Federal Chancellery of Austria built between 1717 and 1719 as his office. He also supervised the construction of the Imperial Chancellory Wing of

University of Würzburg - Misplaced Pages Continue

2478-565: The university is named for Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn and Maximilian Joseph . The University of Würzburg is part of the U15 group of research-intensive German universities. The university is also a member of the Coimbra Group . In the winter semester 2022/2023, 26,787 students were enrolled, of which 16,351 were women and 3,250 were first semester university students. The University is associated with 14 Nobel laureates. Its official name

2537-476: The university posthumously rehabilitated these researchers in a public ceremony in May 2011. After the Second World War , the faculty of theology was the first to start anew on 1 October 1945. The faculty of medicine (dean: Jürg Zutt) followed; it was officially reopened with the constitutive faculty meeting on 11 January 1947, and began its lectures in the winter semester of 1946 /47. On 12 March 1947,

2596-490: The university was solemnly reopened. According to a report by rector Josef Martin (philologist), the military government had dismissed 123 of the 150 professors who had worked before 1945 and only allowed 27 back to lecture at the university. In 1955, Julius Büdel significantly developed Africa Research in Würzburg. It was mainly due to the results of Büdel's and Horst Mensching's research trips, that Würzburg had become an important center for geographical research on Africa by

2655-521: The university. Campus North used to be a US military base ( Leighton Barracks ). After the Americans withdrew in January 2009, the university had the opportunity to use part of the former barracks for itself. This conversion from military to civilian area made rapid progress, and the campus canteen was inaugurated in 2014. The university management practices name sponsorship for its lecture halls; there

2714-609: The women's clinic on Klinikstraße 8, which existed there until 1934, and connected to it by a corridor on the first floor, which was destroyed in World War II and restored in 1974. Welzhaus which was also destroyed except for its outer façade on 16 March 1945, was rebuilt in 1953/1954. The Mathematical Institute was accommodated there until 1974, when the building was affiliated to the Medical Polyclinic. Between 1901 and 1911, five Würzburg researchers, whose appointment

2773-433: Was born the second son of diplomat Peter III Echter. He was educated in Mainz , Leuven , Douai , Paris , Angers , Pavia , and Rome . In Rome, he became a licentiate of canon and civil law. In 1567 he entered on his duties as canon of Würzburg, an office to which he had been appointed in 1554; in 1570 he became the dean of the cathedral chapter , and in 1573, at the age of twenty-eight, even before his ordination to

2832-660: Was buried at the Würzburg Cathedral . Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn broke with the tradition of heart burial at Ebrach Abbey and had his heart buried in the Neubaukirche  [ de ] , a church which he had had built. After the Neubaukirche was destroyed in World War II , the heart had to be temporarily transferred. To mark the 400-year anniversary of the re-founding of the university,

2891-549: Was determined by Jesuits. But in 1773, the Würzburg Jesuit College was dissolved, and Adam Friedrich von Seinsheim hired followers of the Enlightenment for the theological faculty and thus laid the foundation for its future orientation. From then on, and especially under his successor Franz Ludwig von Erthal , Enlightenment theologians became increasingly active in Würzburg. Nevertheless, it was only in

2950-437: Was elected unanimously as Bishop of Würzburg, after von Hutten had died. Nonetheless he continued to mainly reside in Vienna for a number of years. Friedrich Karl had been the favourite nephew of Lothar Franz, who bequeathed to him Schloss Weissenstein , a large Baroque palace at Pommersfelden . Among his various residences, Friedrich Karl clearly preferred Würzburg, however. As an imperial prince, Friedrich Karl remained

3009-461: Was established in 1769 under Carl Caspar von Siebold . In 1796, the physician and court medicus Anton Müller (1755–1827) began working at Juliusspital in Würzburg; although he never belonged to the university, he became the first psychiatrist in the hospital and the first to publish on his specialty. Franz Heinrich Meinolf Wilhelm, who as a professor held lectures in German for the first time from 1785,

SECTION 50

#1732790265182

3068-546: Was inaugurated on Hubland campus, as well as a new internship building for the natural sciences. Starting from the existing Surgical Clinic (head: Ernst Kern), new subjects, departments and clinics developed in the seventies: in 1970, the Urological University Clinic (Hubert Frohmüller); in 1978, the Department for Special Thoracic Surgery (Associate Professor H. J. Viereck), the Department for Surgical X-ray Diagnostics (Extraordinarius G. Viehweger), and

3127-572: Was mainly due to the mathematician Friedrich Prym (dean and rector), were awarded Nobel Prizes. This strongly contributed to the international importance of the University of Würzburg, particularly of its philosophical faculty. After the November Revolution of 1918/19, which ended monarchy in Bavaria, the university also lost its title "Königlich Bayerisch" and was given its current name: "Julius-Maximilians-Universität". The medical faculty separated from Juliusspital and in 1921 moved to

3186-593: Was one of his predecessors as Prince-Bishop of Würzburg ; his younger brother Damian Hugo Philipp von Schönborn became Prince-Bishop of Speyer and his youngest brother Franz Georg von Schönborn became Archbishop-Elector of Trier . In 1681, he was sent to study at the Jesuit school at Aschaffenburg . He became a Canon (Priest) at Würzburg in 1683 and at Bamberg in 1685. He then studied alongside his brother Johann Philipp Franz at Würzburg, Mainz, Aschaffenburg and Rome ( Germanicum ). His Grand Tour brought him to

3245-585: Was renamed the Chair for Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy in 1965 and was filled by Dieter Wyss in 1968. In 1979, Holger Höhn was appointed to the Institute for Human Genetics, which had emerged from this chair. In 1978 the Institute for X-ray Diagnostics was established in the Medical Clinic under Extraordinarius H. Braun. In 1973, over 10,000 students were enrolled at the University of Würzburg, and

3304-585: Was the first to consider rebuilding the university. Due to problems with the clergy and administration, however, he was unable to realize his plans After classes had been resumed in some of the subjects in 1551 and the first doctorates had already been awarded in 1567, the Würzburg Prince-Bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn , during the Counter-Reformation , in 1575, first obtained the imperial and then, in 1576,

3363-711: Was the first to practice experimental chemistry at the University of Würzburg. Around 1800, the first student associations were founded in Würzburg. The Scientific dentistry in Würzburg began with the appointment of Carl Joseph Ringelmann as professor in 1807. In 1822, a faculty of political science was established at the university. During the coalition wars , the university was renamed several times: First "Churfürstliche Julius-Universität" (1803), "Julius Maximilians Universität" (1803/04–1805/06), then "Kurfürstliche Universität zu Würzburg" (1806–1806/07), "Großherzogliche Universität zu Würzburg" (1807–1814), and finally "Königliche Universität zu Würzburg" (1815–1838). The names reflected

3422-471: Was the first university in Bavaria to be awarded the " Bavaria barrier-free " signet. The award was given for the removal of structural barriers, especially in new buildings, and for the establishment of the Information Center for People with Disabilities and Chronic Diseases ( KIS ), created in 2008. On 7 January 2019, the online portal WueStudy of the University of Würzburg was launched after

3481-420: Was to be its name for almost 80 years. After 1850, the university experienced a strong upswing. Numerous new buildings were created: for medicine in the vicinity of Juliusspital and Pleicherwall, for the natural sciences on today's Röntgenring and on Koellikerstraße, for dentistry at Pleichertor (demolished in 1879), and for the mental hospital on Schalksberg. Basic medical subjects were taught and researched in

#181818