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36-426: Jump Bug is one of the earliest forced scrolling horizontal shooters, following in the wake of Scramble and Super Cobra from earlier in 1981. It is the first game in the nascent platform game genre to include horizontal and, in one segment, vertical scrolling . It uses a limited form of parallax scrolling , with the main scene scrolling while starry night sky is fixed and clouds move slowly, adding depth to

72-534: A hardwired game logic. In the mid-1970s, ROM cartridge-based systems, beginning with the Fairchild Channel F , had risen to prominence during the second generation of video game consoles due to the success of the Atari 2600 , though stand-alone systems such as Coleco 's Mini-Arcade series continued to have a smaller presence in the home video game console market until the video game crash of 1983 . Since

108-537: A Vectrex game like Scramble , it's almost possible to forget that the program is in black-and-white". David H. Ahl of Creative Computing Video & Arcade Games reported in 1983 that no test player was able to get past the fourth level of the Vectrex version. In 1982, Arcade Express gave the Tomytronic version of the game a score of 9 out of 10, describing it as an "engrossing" game that "rates as one of

144-697: A cartridge. On these cartridges isn't a program; there are just a few wires that connect electrically a few parts of the intern console hardware that a game appears on the screen. Examples for this technique are the Magnavox Odyssey , the Coleco Telstar Arcade and the Philips Tele-Game ES 2201 . Developing from earlier non-video electronic game cabinets such as pinball machines , arcade-style video games (whether coin-operated or individually owned) are usually dedicated to

180-424: A collection or built-in games, dedicated handhelds tend to employ simple VFD or LCD screens although older models often utilized even more primitive arrays of small light bulbs or LED lights to produce calculator-like alphanumerical screens. Dedicated handheld systems typically comprise a screen, a number of control buttons, and a compact body that houses the game engine. Nintendo's Game and Watch series increased

216-466: A dedicated arcade console are usually housed in a stand-up cabinet that holds a video screen, a control deck or attachments for more complex control devices, and a computer or console hidden within that runs the games. First released in the mid-1970s by games such as Mattel Electronics' Mattel Auto Race and Mattel Electronic Football , dedicated handheld video games are considered the precursors of modern handheld game consoles . Devoted to one game or

252-476: A line of their classic arcade games, including Frogger , on "plug and play" dedicated systems. The Pelican VG Pocket was an attempt to make a TV game with a backlit color LCD . Dedicated consoles and handheld electronic games with LCD screens that only have one game are rather distinct devices, but the release of the Pelican VG Pocket has blurred the categorization between the two. Beginning with

288-483: A meter; an extra life the first time it is filled. The game smoothly scrolls as the player's car moves to the right, but in the pyramid segment the game also scrolls vertically in a coarser manner. Here the player is able to move in any direction, including to the left, while looking for the exit. In Japan, Jump Bug was tied with Scramble and Space Panic as the 14th highest-grossing 1981. Scramble (video game) Scramble ( スクランブル , Sukuranburu )

324-500: A portable Mega Drive with the firecore firmware, with LCD screen and several games built in, but it has no cartridge port and instead has a SD card slot. In 2004, a miniaturized version of the Atari 7800 home consoles was released with 20 built-in games and no cartridge support called Atari Flashback . The dedicated console is actually based on a clone of the NES hardware, but running Atari software. A newer version, Atari Flashback 2 ,

360-462: A single game or a small selection of built-in games and do not allow for external input in the form of ROM cartridges. Although modern arcade games such as Dance Dance Revolution X and Half-Life 2: Survivor do allow external input in the form of memory cards or USB sticks, this functionality usually only allows for saving progress or for providing modified level-data, and does not allow the dedicated machine to access new games. The game or games in

396-595: Is a TRS-80 Color Computer clone. In Stern Electronics, Inc. v. Kaufman , 669 F.2d 852, the Second Circuit held that Stern could copyright the images and sounds in the game, not just the source code that produced them. Dedicated console A dedicated console is a video game console that is limited to one or more built-in video game or games, and is not equipped for additional games that are distributed via ROM cartridges , discs , downloads or other digital media. Dedicated consoles were popular in

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432-536: Is a close port of the original game in the arcade cabinet. Scramble was commercially successful and critically acclaimed. In its February 1982 issue, Computer and Video Games magazine said it "was the first arcade game to send you on a mission and quickly earned a big following". In the United States, the game sold 10,000 arcade cabinets worth $ 20,000,000 (equivalent to $ 67,000,000 in 2023) in sales within two months of release in 1981, and it topped

468-625: Is a horizontally scrolling shooter arcade video game released in 1981. It was developed by Konami and manufactured and distributed by Leijac in Japan and Stern in North America . It was the first side-scrolling shooter with forced scrolling and multiple distinct levels , and it established the foundation for a new genre. It was Konami's first major worldwide hit. In the United States, it sold 15,136 arcade cabinets within five months and became Stern's second best-selling game. Scramble

504-531: Is based on actual Atari hardware, and includes some new built-in games developed by modern hobbyist Atari 2600 programmers, as well as old favorite games. While the new console has no cartridge slot, it is designed so that one can be added, and multiple online tutorials exist detailing this process. In the late 2010s, Nintendo, Konami, Sony, Sega, and SNK released dedicated consoles with built-in games that had been released earlier for their historic video game consoles. Examples of these dedicated consoles include

540-426: Is lost upon contact with anything. Once the final jet is destroyed, the game is over. The United States Court of Appeal states the following regarding the game's development and release: In January 1981 at a London trade exhibit Stern became aware of Scramble , an electronic video game developed in late 1980 by a Japanese corporation, Konami Industry Co., Ltd. The audiovisual display constituting what Stern alleges

576-570: Is the copyrightable work was first published in Japan on January 8, 1981. Stern secured an exclusive sub-license to distribute the Scramble game in North and South America from Konami's exclusive licensee, and began selling the game in the United States on March 17, 1981. A dedicated Tomytronic version of Scramble was released in 1982. A second electronic tabletop version of Scramble was released

612-705: The Gradius Collection guidebook issued a few years after by Konami , lists Scramble as part of their shooting history, and the Gradius games are now listed separately. An updated version of Scramble is available in Konami Collector's Series: Arcade Advanced by inputting the Konami Code in the game's title screen. This version allows three different ships to be chosen: the Renegade,

648-563: The Nintendo Entertainment System , ROM cartridge-based consoles had dominated the home market until CD-based consoles such as the PlayStation gained prominence in the mid and late 1990s . All home video game consoles from the first generation of video game consoles are dedicated to one or a few games, and they can usually be selected with a game switch on the console. Less common, the games can be selected with

684-491: The endless runner platform genre. Scramble gameplay is featured during the opening credits of the 1982 Spanish film Colegas by Eloy de la Iglesia , along with some other arcade games of the era like Defender , Monaco GP and Missile Command . Atari 8-bit games Airstrike (1982) and Bellum (1983) are both Scramble clones. Skramble (1983) is a clone for the Commodore 64 . Whirlybird Run (1983)

720-414: The first generation of video game consoles until they were gradually replaced by second-generation video game consoles that use ROM cartridges. Most of the earliest home video game systems were dedicated consoles, most popularly Pong and its many imitators. Unlike almost all later consoles, these systems were typically not computers (in which a CPU is running a piece of software ), but contained

756-777: The 2001 release by Toymax (and later Jakk's Pacific) of the Activision TV Games, there has been a revival of interest in dedicated consoles by nostalgia-driven retrogamers. The subsequent 2002 release of the Atari 10-in-1 system prompted speculation of an Atari revival. In 2002, the Brazilian Sega distributor Tectoy re-released the Master System with numerous games built in. These are not, strictly-speaking, dedicated consoles, however, as they also support cartridge-based games. As of 2006, no new official cartridges were available for sale. Tectoy also released

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792-747: The Shori, and the Gunslinger. The only difference between the ships besides their appearance are the shots they fire. The Renegade's shots are the same as in the original Scramble , the Shori has rapid-fire capabilities triggered by holding down the fire button, and the Gunslinger's shots can pierce through enemies, meaning they can be used for multiple hits with a single shot. In an interview with RePlay magazine in January 1990, Konami founder Kagemasa Kōzuki (Kaz Kozuki) stated that he considers Scramble to be Konami's most important game. He said that Scramble

828-506: The US monthly RePlay arcade charts in June 1981 . It sold 15,136 arcade cabinets in the United States within five months, by August 4, 1981, becoming Stern's second best-selling game after Berzerk . Its sequel, the more difficult Super Cobra , sold 12,337 cabinets in the U.S. in four months that same year, adding up to 27,473 U.S. cabinet sales for both, by October 1981. In Japan, Scramble

864-438: The duration of survival, as well as for destroying enemies and fuel tanks. In the final section, the player must destroy a "base". Once this objective is achieved, a flag indicating a completed mission is displayed at the bottom right of the screen. The game then repeats, returning to the first section with a slight increase in difficulty. The player is awarded an extra jet for scoring 10,000 points, and none more thereafter. A jet

900-503: The end of a level , rather than having a self-enclosed level that warped on itself in an infinite loop, like Defender ". Konami's Gradius (1985), the first title in the Gradius series, was originally intended to be a follow-up to Scramble , with the working title Scramble 2 . It reused many of its materials and game mechanics. Game designer Scott Rogers named Scramble as well as Irem 's Moon Patrol (1982) as forerunners of

936-710: The hardware and software of the entire game to be within a single controller, with no separate console at all. Some of these are clones of old games, and are produced in China or Southeast Asia (i.e. Power Player Super Joy III ), while others contain licensed games and are distributed in mainstream stores in the West. Of the latter, Jakks Pacific 's line of TV Games is among the most famous, which includes re-releases of many vintage games, from arcade classics to Atari 2600 games, as well as games based on currently-popular characters, such as SpongeBob SquarePants . Konami has also released

972-428: The more difficult Super Cobra , was released later that year. Gradius (1985) was originally intended to be a follow-up to Scramble . The player controls a futuristic aircraft , referred to in the game as a jet, and has to guide it across scrolling terrain, battling obstacles along the way. The jet is armed with a forward-firing weapon and bombs; each weapon has its own button. The player must avoid colliding with

1008-410: The popularity of dedicated handheld games during 1980s. Dedicated consoles have appeared for fishing games, where the unit's body itself becomes a specialized controller in the form of a rod and reel . Other dedicated consoles have been released with light guns , for hunting, shooting, and even archery games. Rising to popularity in the early 1980s, game watches are electronic wristwatches that allow

1044-524: The same year in the UK by Grandstand under licence from Japanese firm Epoch Co. , who sold the game in Japan under the title Astro Command . Gameplay differs from the arcade version as no scenery is rendered and the ship has no need to refuel. A handheld compact LCD version known as "Pocket Scramble" was released the following year. Scramble was also made available on the 2002 Game Boy Advance cartridge Konami Collector Series Arcade Advanced . This version

1080-489: The scenery. This was a year before Moon Patrol (1982), with its three moving layers. The player controls a constantly bouncing car, which resembles a Volkswagen Beetle (or "bug"), driving through a city, mountains, pyramid, and underwater. The height of the jump and speed of a fall are controlled with the joystick. The player can shoot various enemies that appear. Points are gained by collecting treasure, killing enemies, and jumping on clouds. Each treasure collected adds to

1116-409: The terrain and other enemies while simultaneously maintaining its limited fuel supply, which diminishes over time. More fuel can be acquired by destroying fuel tanks in the game. The game is divided into six sections, each with a different style of terrain and various obstacles. There is no intermission between each section; the game seamlessly scrolls into the new terrain. Points are awarded based on

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1152-554: The wearer to access an included video game that uses the display in the watch's face as its screen. Game watch buttons which originally may have been used for setting hour and minute gain secondary functions in relation to the needs of the game. A dedicated console differs from a handheld TV game (or a "plug and play game") in that the latter integrates the video game console with the game controller . Most modern dedicated home game systems are popularly referred to as "plug and play" because they are based on modern technology which enables

1188-675: The year's best so far". Scramble made the list of Top 100 arcade games in the Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition . In 1996, GamesMaster ranked the arcade version 60th in their "Top 100 Games of All Time" list. According to the Nintendo Game Boy Advance Gradius Advance intro and the Gradius Breakdown DVD included with Gradius V , Scramble is considered the first in the Gradius series, but

1224-557: Was not ported to any major contemporary consoles or computers, but there were releases for the Tomy Tutor and Vectrex as well as dedicated tabletop/handheld versions. Unauthorized clones for the VIC-20 and Commodore 64 used the same name as the original. The BBC Micro clone was called Rocket Raid , marketed by Acornsoft from 1982 and primarily within the UK. Scramble ' s sequel,

1260-417: Was the company's first major hit that launched Konami into world prominence. The game also served as a foundation for the horizontally scrolling shooter sub-genre. While not the first horizontally scrolling shooter (it was predated by Defender two months earlier), Wayne Santos of GameAxis Unwired notes that Scramble and its sequel Super Cobra "created the side-scrolling shooter that progressed to

1296-457: Was tied with Jump Bug and Space Panic as the 14th highest-grossing arcade video game of 1981 . The Vectrex version was reviewed in Video magazine where it was praised for its fidelity to the original arcade game and was described as the favorite among Vectrex titles they had reviewed. The game's overlays were singled out, with reviewers commenting that "when you're really involved with

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