Power Rangers Jungle Fury is the 2008 season of Power Rangers , which tells the story of the fight between the Jungle Fury Power Rangers and the forces of evil led by the spirit Dai Shi.
149-508: The Pai Zhua ( Chinese : 派爪 , Pài Zhuǎ ) (also known as the Order of the Claw) is the leading protagonist faction of the series. Each member of this faction is given an Animal Spirit that acts as their own unique sentient, beast-like power source. They commit their lives to fusing the idea of martial arts with the abilities of these distinct Animal Spirits. They are the guardians of Earth against
298-469: A nucleus that has a vowel (which can be a monophthong , diphthong , or even a triphthong in certain varieties), preceded by an onset (a single consonant , or consonant + glide ; a zero onset is also possible), and followed (optionally) by a coda consonant; a syllable also carries a tone . There are some instances where a vowel is not used as a nucleus. An example of this is in Cantonese, where
447-457: A subject–verb–object word order , and like many other languages of East Asia, makes frequent use of the topic–comment construction to form sentences. Chinese also has an extensive system of classifiers and measure words , another trait shared with neighboring languages such as Japanese and Korean. Other notable grammatical features common to all the spoken varieties of Chinese include the use of serial verb construction , pronoun dropping , and
596-405: A "train grunt". Recently, gorillas have been observed engaging in face-to-face sex , a trait once considered unique to humans and bonobos . Gorilla infants are vulnerable and dependent, thus mothers, their primary caregivers, are important to their survival. Male gorillas are not active in caring for the young, but they do play a role in socialising them to other youngsters. The silverback has
745-510: A Chinese character is the morpheme, as characters represent the smallest grammatical units with individual meanings in the Chinese language. Estimates of the total number of Chinese words and lexicalized phrases vary greatly. The Hanyu Da Zidian , a compendium of Chinese characters, includes 54,678 head entries for characters, including oracle bone versions. The Zhonghua Zihai (1994) contains 85,568 head entries for character definitions and
894-444: A Ranger. Jarrod, one of the senior student finals winners, is a winner just for a few minutes due to the events which happen after the final. Jarrod instructs an assistant with an unfair, abusive, self-centered, and dissatisfied attitude to perform a request. Casey, who sees this happen, rushes to fulfil Jarrod's request in the abused assistant's place. Jarrod pushes Casey back in an aggressive, unsatisfied response, and Casey unleashes
1043-599: A Shanghai resident may speak both Standard Chinese and Shanghainese ; if they grew up elsewhere, they are also likely fluent in the dialect of their home region. In addition to Standard Chinese, a majority of Taiwanese people also speak Taiwanese Hokkien (also called 台語 ; 'Taiwanese' ), Hakka , or an Austronesian language . A speaker in Taiwan may mix pronunciations and vocabulary from Standard Chinese and other languages of Taiwan in everyday speech. In part due to traditional cultural ties with Guangdong , Cantonese
1192-509: A brief period each time. By 12 months old, infants move up to five m (16 ft) from their mothers. At around 18–21 months, the distance between mother and offspring increases and they regularly spend time away from each other. In addition, nursing decreases to once every two hours. Infants spend only half of their time with their mothers by 30 months. They enter their juvenile period at their third year, and this lasts until their sixth year. At this time, gorillas are weaned and they sleep in
1341-462: A central variety (i.e. prestige variety, such as Standard Mandarin), as the issue requires some careful handling when mutual intelligibility is inconsistent with language identity. The Chinese government's official Chinese designation for the major branches of Chinese is 方言 ; fāngyán ; 'regional speech', whereas the more closely related varieties within these are called 地点方言 ; 地點方言 ; dìdiǎn fāngyán ; 'local speech'. Because of
1490-560: A chest of 1.98 m (6 ft 6 in), and a weight of 219 kg (483 lb), shot in Alimbongo , northern Kivu in May 1938. The heaviest gorilla recorded was a 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) silverback shot in Ambam , Cameroon , which weighed 267 kg (589 lb). Males in captivity can be overweight and reach weights up to 310 kg (683 lb). The eastern gorilla
1639-550: A combination of the Pai Zhua's styles of living and the mechanics of these technologies gives benefits that, as the series progresses, also demonstrate valuable lessons that the younger members of the Pai Zhua learn and understand and thus eventually embrace for the rest of their lives. The assembly of all of the Rangers in this series takes place divided as separate stories that arise as the series runs its course. Theo and Lily,
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#17327803879341788-615: A compromise between the pronunciations of different regions. The royal courts of the Ming and early Qing dynasties operated using a koiné language known as Guanhua , based on the Nanjing dialect of Mandarin. Standard Chinese is an official language of both the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China (Taiwan), one of the four official languages of Singapore , and one of
1937-714: A corresponding increase in the number of homophones . As an example, the small Langenscheidt Pocket Chinese Dictionary lists six words that are commonly pronounced as shí in Standard Chinese: In modern spoken Mandarin, however, tremendous ambiguity would result if all of these words could be used as-is. The 20th century Yuen Ren Chao poem Lion-Eating Poet in the Stone Den exploits this, consisting of 92 characters all pronounced shi . As such, most of these words have been replaced in speech, if not in writing, with less ambiguous disyllabic compounds. Only
2086-523: A cub and possessed the spirit of the tiger . His power stems from standing up for what he believes in and for others. He doesn't like other people to get picked on. When Casey stood up one day for a fellow cub who was being verbally abused by Jarrod, Master Mao (the leader of the Pai Zhua Academy) dismissed Jarrod. Master Mao saw the potential that Casey had in him and chose him instead of Jarrod, to guard Dai Shi's imprisonment box. After Master Mao
2235-462: A direct attack on the Wolf Spirit. The attack on R.J.'s Wolf Spirit had a devastating effect on R.J. It somehow turned R.J. into a werewolf causing him to hunger for raw meat, and go into its full form. After three nights of this, and believing that he had attack people in the city, R.J. decided to leave until he could regain his spiritual balance and control his Animal Spirit. However, when he
2384-607: A few species in each habitat, mountain gorillas have flexible diets and can live in a variety of habitats. Eastern lowland gorillas have more diverse diets, which vary seasonally. Leaves and pith are commonly eaten, but fruits can make up as much as 25% of their diets. Since fruit is less available, lowland gorillas must travel farther each day, and their home ranges vary from 2.7 to 6.5 km (1.0 to 2.5 sq mi), with day ranges 154–2,280 m (0.096–1.417 mi). Eastern lowland gorillas will also eat insects, preferably ants. Western lowland gorillas depend on fruits more than
2533-410: A largely supportive relationship with the infants in his troop and shields them from aggression within the group. Infants remain in contact with their mothers for the first five months and mothers stay near the silverback for protection. Infants suckle at least once per hour and sleep with their mothers in the same nest. Infants begin to break contact with their mothers after five months, but only for
2682-507: A leader and lead his team. Casey can be overconfident, especially when he tried to go up against Dai Shi alone, which ended with him being hurt. After Lily and Theo had received new masters, Casey was eager to meet his new master, but R.J. was not because it is his father Master Finn. When Master Finn saved Casey from Rinshi, Casey became good friends with the master and mastered the shark technique. Casey eventually made up with R.J. and determined he will always be his master. When Dai Shi beat up
2831-417: A male while making eye contact. This serves to urge the male to mount her. If the male does not respond, then she will try to attract his attention by reaching towards him or slapping the ground. In multiple-male groups, solicitation indicates female preference, but females can be forced to mate with multiple males. Males incite copulation by approaching a female and displaying at her or touching her and giving
2980-576: A millennium. The Four Commanderies of Han were established in northern Korea in the 1st century BCE but disintegrated in the following centuries. Chinese Buddhism spread over East Asia between the 2nd and 5th centuries CE, and with it the study of scriptures and literature in Literary Chinese. Later, strong central governments modeled on Chinese institutions were established in Korea, Japan, and Vietnam, with Literary Chinese serving as
3129-405: A new nest to sleep on each day; even if remaining in the same place, they do not use the previous one. Usually, they are made an hour before dusk, to be ready to sleep when night falls. Gorillas sleep longer than humans, an average of 12 hours per day. One possible predator of gorillas is the leopard . Gorilla remains have been found in leopard scat, but this may be the result of scavenging. When
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#17327803879343278-857: A part of the Ranger army. Lily Chilman (portrayed by Anna Hutchison ) is a lively young woman who controls the Cheetah Spirit and is eager to be given the powers of the Jungle Fury Yellow Ranger. She soon learns to control the Elephant Spirit and Jungle Mace after training from Master Phant and the Penguin Spirit from Master Guin in the Spirit World. Lily was long time student at Pai Zuha, and after succeeding in her final test, had been chosen to help guard
3427-425: A part-time zookeeper at the local zoo. He trains Emma and Jake in fighting without using weapons in order to battle the magnetic-powered Pacha Chamak. After the battle when the Rangers visit the zoo to thank Casey, they learn from a zookeeper that no one named Casey works at the zoo. Emma and Jake later see Casey in a gazebo before he disappears into thin air. He would later appear-though without removing his helmet as
3576-402: A result, fights do not occur very frequently. The ritualized charge display is unique to gorillas. The entire sequence has nine steps: (1) progressively quickening hooting, (2) symbolic feeding, (3) rising bipedally, (4) throwing vegetation, (5) chest-beating with cupped hands, (6) one leg kick, (7) sideways running, two-legged to four-legged, (8) slapping and tearing vegetation, and (9) thumping
3725-643: A safeguard against the Dai Shi Clan's ways, using this combination of two forms of aggression for good causes. The Pai Zhua's forces are divided into small groups who each exist with different means, methods and other skills but otherwise all live for the same righteous purpose: the defense of Earth against Dai Shi and both his schemes and forces: The Power Rangers in this series combine the partnership of humanity's martial arts and Animal Spirits together with special technologies that serve to provide an essential enhancement to their ways of facing evil forces - such
3874-542: A secure reconstruction of Proto-Sino-Tibetan, the higher-level structure of the family remains unclear. A top-level branching into Chinese and Tibeto-Burman languages is often assumed, but has not been convincingly demonstrated. The first written records appeared over 3,000 years ago during the Shang dynasty . As the language evolved over this period, the various local varieties became mutually unintelligible. In reaction, central governments have repeatedly sought to promulgate
4023-479: A separate nest from their mothers. After their offspring are weaned, females begin to ovulate and soon become pregnant again. The presence of play partners, including the silverback, minimizes conflicts in weaning between mother and offspring. Twenty-five distinct vocalisations are recognised, many of which are used primarily for group communication within dense vegetation. Sounds classified as grunts and barks are heard most frequently while traveling, and indicate
4172-508: A similar way to the use of Latin and Ancient Greek roots in European languages. Many new compounds, or new meanings for old phrases, were created in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to name Western concepts and artifacts. These coinages, written in shared Chinese characters, have then been borrowed freely between languages. They have even been accepted into Chinese, a language usually resistant to loanwords, because their foreign origin
4321-678: A single language. However, their lack of mutual intelligibility means they are sometimes considered to be separate languages in a family . Investigation of the historical relationships among the varieties of Chinese is ongoing. Currently, most classifications posit 7 to 13 main regional groups based on phonetic developments from Middle Chinese , of which the most spoken by far is Mandarin with 66%, or around 800 million speakers, followed by Min (75 million, e.g. Southern Min ), Wu (74 million, e.g. Shanghainese ), and Yue (68 million, e.g. Cantonese ). These branches are unintelligible to each other, and many of their subgroups are unintelligible with
4470-579: A situation. Once Lily mastered the Elephant Technique from Master Phant, and the others had Mastered their new techniques, the Rangers all thought they were unbeatable. However, Dai Shi had been training with masters as well. When they battled against the new more powerful Dai Shi, the Rangers lost, and would have been destroyed had RJ not intervened and gave himself. The Rangers realized that their over confidence had been their downfall, but they didn't let that get them down. The team journeyed to
4619-502: A stronger anthropomorphic shark form. Being R.J.'s father, he tried unsuccessfully to teach his style to R.J., causing a rift between them that is not mended until R.J. proves his strength by demonstrating his own control over the Wolf Spirit. Master Finn trains Casey to use his Shark Sabers and teaches him how to channel his Animal Spirit. Later, he is captured by the Phantom Beasts along with the other masters and his animal spirit
List of Power Rangers Jungle Fury characters - Misplaced Pages Continue
4768-719: A teacher or threat, is very skilled in the ways of Pai Zuha. It was through his connections that the Jungle Fury Power Rangers were born. He had the Solar Morphers connected into the Morphin Grid, thus allowing the heroes to become Power Rangers. R.J. has proven to be quite a powerful warrior. Not only did he use his Wolf Spirit and skills to save his father from Dai Shi, but R.J. also sacrificed his freedom to save his Rangers. In battle with Dai Shi, R.J. refused to fight, and in doing so, allowed Dai Shi
4917-475: A tiger's roar in retaliation. The students' teacher, Master Mao, witnesses these events and comes to the decision to relieve Jarrod of his status as one of the three guardians of Dai Shi's chest. Casey becomes the third and final member of Dai Shi's chest's safe-guardians by Master Mao's choice. Casey Rhodes (portrayed by Jason Smith ) was a fairly new member to the Pai Zhua Academy and hence known as
5066-598: A troop tend to be friendly towards each other and associate closely. Otherwise, females have few friendly encounters and commonly act aggressively towards each other. Females may fight for social access to males and a male may intervene. Male gorillas have weak social bonds, particularly in multiple-male groups with apparent dominance hierarchies and strong competition for mates. Males in all-male groups, though, tend to have friendly interactions and socialise through play, grooming, and staying together, and occasionally they even engage in homosexual interactions. Severe aggression
5215-631: A unified standard. The earliest examples of Old Chinese are divinatory inscriptions on oracle bones dated to c. 1250 BCE , during the Late Shang . The next attested stage came from inscriptions on bronze artifacts dating to the Western Zhou period (1046–771 BCE), the Classic of Poetry and portions of the Book of Documents and I Ching . Scholars have attempted to reconstruct
5364-575: A variety of Yue from a small coastal area around Taishan, Guangdong . In parts of South China, the dialect of a major city may be only marginally intelligible to its neighbors. For example, Wuzhou and Taishan are located approximately 260 km (160 mi) and 190 km (120 mi) away from Guangzhou respectively, but the Yue variety spoken in Wuzhou is more similar to the Guangzhou dialect than
5513-602: Is Taishanese. Wuzhou is located directly upstream from Guangzhou on the Pearl River , whereas Taishan is to Guangzhou's southwest, with the two cities separated by several river valleys. In parts of Fujian , the speech of some neighbouring counties or villages is mutually unintelligible. Local varieties of Chinese are conventionally classified into seven dialect groups, largely based on the different evolution of Middle Chinese voiced initials: Proportions of first-language speakers The classification of Li Rong , which
5662-629: Is a Pai Zhua master who possesses the spirit of the Gorilla , able to assume a stronger anthropomorphic gorilla form. He died in the Great Battle and currently resides in the Spirit World. Upon arrival in the Spirit World, Casey was no match for him in combat. When it came to the first test, Master Rilla sends Casey into a dimension to face his fear of the monster in his closet when he was young which he passes. Casey learns how to channel Master Rilla's Gorilla spirit. He returns in physical form to help
5811-674: Is also able to summon his Wolf Zord. When needed, the Wolf Zord can take the place of the Cheetah Zord in the Jungle Pride Megazord. R.J. later watched as his trio of students underwent their mastery exams only to see Theo and Lily pass and Casey fail due to his lack of confidence in himself. He later told Theo and Lily that Casey failed when bringing up the known wisdom "A student follows his master and doesn't ask". Casey approached him for help, but R.J. impressed upon him
5960-490: Is called either 华语 ; 華語 ; Huáyǔ or 汉语 ; 漢語 ; Hànyǔ ). Standard Chinese is based on the Beijing dialect of Mandarin. The governments of both China and Taiwan intend for speakers of all Chinese speech varieties to use it as a common language of communication. Therefore, it is used in government agencies, in the media, and as a language of instruction in schools. Diglossia is common among Chinese speakers. For example,
6109-409: Is comprised of almost half water as well as morning dew", although both mountain and lowland gorillas have been observed drinking. Gorillas construct nests for daytime and night use. Nests tend to be simple aggregations of branches and leaves about 2 to 5 ft (0.61 to 1.52 m) in diameter and are constructed by individuals. Gorillas, unlike chimpanzees or orangutans, tend to sleep in nests on
List of Power Rangers Jungle Fury characters - Misplaced Pages Continue
6258-528: Is divided between rest periods and travel or feeding periods. Diets differ between and within species. Mountain gorillas mostly eat foliage, such as leaves, stems, pith, and shoots, while fruit makes up a very small part of their diets. Mountain gorilla food is widely distributed and neither individuals nor groups have to compete with one another. Their home ranges vary from 3 to 15 km (1.2 to 5.8 sq mi), and their movements range around 500 m (0.31 mi) or less on an average day. Despite eating
6407-472: Is full of haire, but not very thicke, and it is a dunnish colour. . . Hee goeth alwaies vpon his legs, and carrieth his hands clasped on the nape of his necke, when he goeth upon the ground... They goe many together, and kill many Negroes that trauaile in the Woods . . . Those Pongos are neuer taken aliue, because they are so strong, that ten men cannot hold one of them... A century and a half after Battel's story
6556-403: Is further difference in how many copies each gene has. gibbons (family Hylobatidae) orangutans (genus Pongo ) gorillas (genus Gorilla ) humans (genus Homo ) chimpanzees (genus Pan ) Until recently, gorillas were considered to be a single species, with three subspecies: the western lowland gorilla, the eastern lowland gorilla and
6705-416: Is likely to be a tactic against this. However, while gorilla troops usually disband after the silverback dies, female eastern lowlands gorillas and their offspring have been recorded staying together until a new silverback transfers into the group. This likely serves as protection from leopards. The silverback is the centre of the troop's attention, making all the decisions, mediating conflicts, determining
6854-409: Is more darkly coloured than the western gorilla, with the mountain gorilla being the darkest of all. The mountain gorilla also has the thickest hair. The western lowland gorilla can be brown or greyish with a reddish forehead. In addition, gorillas that live in lowland forest are more slender and agile than the more bulky mountain gorillas. The eastern gorilla also has a longer face and broader chest than
7003-603: Is often described as a 'monosyllabic' language. However, this is only partially correct. It is largely accurate when describing Old and Middle Chinese; in Classical Chinese, around 90% of words consist of a single character that corresponds one-to-one with a morpheme , the smallest unit of meaning in a language. In modern varieties, it usually remains the case that morphemes are monosyllabic—in contrast, English has many multi-syllable morphemes, both bound and free , such as 'seven', 'elephant', 'para-' and '-able'. Some of
7152-445: Is only about an eighth as many as English. All varieties of spoken Chinese use tones to distinguish words. A few dialects of north China may have as few as three tones, while some dialects in south China have up to 6 or 12 tones, depending on how one counts. One exception from this is Shanghainese which has reduced the set of tones to a two-toned pitch accent system much like modern Japanese. A very common example used to illustrate
7301-778: Is rare in stable groups, but when two mountain gorilla groups meet the two silverbacks can sometimes engage in a fight to the death, using their canines to cause deep, gaping injuries. Females mature at 10–12 years (earlier in captivity), and males at 11–13 years. A female's first ovulatory cycle occurs when she is six years of age, and is followed by a two-year period of adolescent infertility. The estrous cycle lasts 30–33 days, with outward ovulation signs subtle compared to those of chimpanzees. The gestation period lasts 8.5 months. Female mountain gorillas first give birth at 10 years of age and have four-year interbirth intervals. Males can be fertile before reaching adulthood. Gorillas mate year round. Females will purse their lips and slowly approach
7450-668: Is specifically meant. However, when one of the above words forms part of a compound, the disambiguating syllable is generally dropped and the resulting word is still disyllabic. For example, 石 ; shí alone, and not 石头 ; 石頭 ; shítou , appears in compounds as meaning 'stone' such as 石膏 ; shígāo ; 'plaster', 石灰 ; shíhuī ; 'lime', 石窟 ; shíkū ; 'grotto', 石英 ; 'quartz', and 石油 ; shíyóu ; 'petroleum'. Although many single-syllable morphemes ( 字 ; zì ) can stand alone as individual words, they more often than not form multi-syllable compounds known as 词 ; 詞 ; cí , which more closely resembles
7599-486: Is the Rangers' previous master at the Pai Zhua academy who possesses a caracal spirit, able to assume a stronger anthropomorphic caracal form. Though he died fighting off Dai Shi while protecting the Rangers, Mao continues to help the Rangers in spirit form while attempting to give Jarrod the strength to resist Dai Shi. He returns in physical form to help the Rangers during the Final Beast War when Dai Shi opens
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#17327803879347748-489: Is the largest reference work based purely on character and its literary variants. The CC-CEDICT project (2010) contains 97,404 contemporary entries including idioms, technology terms, and names of political figures, businesses, and products. The 2009 version of the Webster's Digital Chinese Dictionary (WDCD), based on CC-CEDICT, contains over 84,000 entries. The most comprehensive pure linguistic Chinese-language dictionary,
7897-523: Is the oldest gorilla ever; oldest female gorilla ever; oldest living gorilla and oldest living female gorilla. The oldest male gorilla ever was Ozoum , who reached to the final age of 61 years, 24 days. The oldest living male gorilla is Guhonda, aged 53 years, 332 days. Gorillas have a patchy distribution. The range of the two species is separated by the Congo River and its tributaries . The western gorilla lives in west central Africa, while
8046-537: Is the owner of the Jungle Karma Pizza restaurant and master of the Jungle Fury Power Rangers after Master Mao's loss of his physical body. Years ago, when R.J. was young, his father Master Finn tried constantly to force R.J. to learn the Shark Technique & become a Shark Master. However, R.J. decided to set out on his own. R.J. left home and found his own master, who instructed him in the ways of
8195-584: Is transformed into the Shark Ranger. He becomes trapped in one of the Crystal Eyes when his Spirit Ranger is destroyed in battle with the Rangers. Flit saves the Crystal Eye from being thrown in the sea and gives it to R.J., who frees his father. The Shark Ranger now fights along with the other Rangers when summoned by either Casey or Master Finn. He is portrayed by Paul Gittins . Master Rilla
8344-647: Is typically more than 12 years of age, and is named for the distinctive patch of silver hair on his back, which comes with maturity. Silverbacks have large canine teeth that also come with maturity. Both males and females tend to emigrate from their natal groups. For mountain gorillas, females disperse from their natal troops more than males. Mountain gorillas and western lowland gorillas also commonly transfer to second new groups. Mature males also tend to leave their groups and establish their own troops by attracting emigrating females. However, male mountain gorillas sometimes stay in their natal troops and become subordinate to
8493-501: Is used as an everyday language in Hong Kong and Macau . The designation of various Chinese branches remains controversial. Some linguists and most ordinary Chinese people consider all the spoken varieties as one single language, as speakers share a common national identity and a common written form. Others instead argue that it is inappropriate to refer to major branches of Chinese such as Mandarin, Wu, and so on as "dialects" because
8642-500: Is used in education, media, formal speech, and everyday life—though Mandarin is increasingly taught in schools due to the mainland's growing influence. Historically, the Chinese language has spread to its neighbors through a variety of means. Northern Vietnam was incorporated into the Han dynasty (202 BCE – 220 CE) in 111 BCE, marking the beginning of a period of Chinese control that ran almost continuously for
8791-552: Is used in the Language Atlas of China (1987), distinguishes three further groups: Some varieties remain unclassified, including the Danzhou dialect on Hainan , Waxianghua spoken in western Hunan , and Shaozhou Tuhua spoken in northern Guangdong . Standard Chinese is the standard language of China (where it is called 普通话 ; pǔtōnghuà ) and Taiwan, and one of the four official languages of Singapore (where it
8940-428: Is very complex, with a large number of consonants and vowels, but they are probably not all distinguished in any single dialect. Most linguists now believe it represents a diasystem encompassing 6th-century northern and southern standards for reading the classics. The complex relationship between spoken and written Chinese is an example of diglossia : as spoken, Chinese varieties have evolved at different rates, while
9089-753: The Qieyun rime dictionary (601 CE), and a late period in the 10th century, reflected by rhyme tables such as the Yunjing constructed by ancient Chinese philologists as a guide to the Qieyun system. These works define phonological categories but with little hint of what sounds they represent. Linguists have identified these sounds by comparing the categories with pronunciations in modern varieties of Chinese , borrowed Chinese words in Japanese, Vietnamese, and Korean, and transcription evidence. The resulting system
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#17327803879349238-808: The Albertine Rift montane cloud forests of the Virunga Volcanoes , ranging in altitude from 2,200 to 4,300 metres (7,200 to 14,100 ft). Lowland gorillas live in dense forests and lowland swamps and marshes as low as sea level , with western lowland gorillas living in Central West African countries and eastern lowland gorillas living in the Democratic Republic of the Congo near its border with Rwanda . There are thought to be around 316,000 western gorillas in
9387-698: The Bat Spirit and Jungle Fans after training from Master Swoop and then the Antelope Spirit after training from Master Lope in the Spirit World. He also has an identical twin brother named Lewin. Theo has a crush on Lily, and he asks her for a date later in the last episode. He would later appear in Super Megaforce where he would join in the final battle with the Warstar Armada. Robert "R.J." James (portrayed by David de Lautour )
9536-533: The Korean , Japanese and Vietnamese languages, and today comprise over half of their vocabularies. This massive influx led to changes in the phonological structure of the languages, contributing to the development of moraic structure in Japanese and the disruption of vowel harmony in Korean. Borrowed Chinese morphemes have been used extensively in all these languages to coin compound words for new concepts, in
9685-710: The May Fourth Movement beginning in 1919. After the fall of the Northern Song dynasty and subsequent reign of the Jurchen Jin and Mongol Yuan dynasties in northern China, a common speech (now called Old Mandarin ) developed based on the dialects of the North China Plain around the capital. The 1324 Zhongyuan Yinyun was a dictionary that codified the rhyming conventions of new sanqu verse form in this language. Together with
9834-595: The National Language Unification Commission finally settled on the Beijing dialect in 1932. The People's Republic founded in 1949 retained this standard but renamed it 普通话 ; 普通話 ; pǔtōnghuà ; 'common speech'. The national language is now used in education, the media, and formal situations in both mainland China and Taiwan. In Hong Kong and Macau , Cantonese is the dominant spoken language due to cultural influence from Guangdong immigrants and colonial-era policies, and
9983-698: The Rhinoceros Spirit, Dominic transforms into the Jungle Fury Rhino Ranger and uses the Control Dagger to summon the Rhino Steel Zord, unable to form his Spirit into a Zord. During the last episode he was seen going traveling, asking Fran to come along. He would later join in the final battle of Super Megaforce as part of the veteran Ranger army. The Spirit Rangers were created by the Phantom Beasts to battle
10132-490: The Shark Spirit Ranger whenever needed. Casey's tiger spirit was stolen by Whiger and he was unable to morph, because if he did, his life would be in danger. Casey was teaching a class of young students at the time and one of his students that was always being picked on, helped in giving more power against a foe. Whiger's Rinzin was taken by Dai Shi and banished for not defeating Casey. Casey helped and befriended
10281-474: The Wolf . Upon mastering his Wolf Spirit, R.J. became the new Wolf Master. Sometime later, R.J. opened Jungle Karma Pizza. After Dai Shi escaped, and Master Mao was destroyed, Casey, Theo & Lily went to Ocean Bluff to find their new master R.J. Though the group didn't not expect the owner of Jungle Karma Pizza to be their master. R.J. is the laid back Zen type, who while on the outside may not look like much of
10430-478: The oracle bone inscriptions created during the Shang dynasty c. 1250 BCE . The phonetic categories of Old Chinese can be reconstructed from the rhymes of ancient poetry. During the Northern and Southern period , Middle Chinese went through several sound changes and split into several varieties following prolonged geographic and political separation. The Qieyun , a rime dictionary , recorded
10579-596: The phonology of Old Chinese by comparing later varieties of Chinese with the rhyming practice of the Classic of Poetry and the phonetic elements found in the majority of Chinese characters. Although many of the finer details remain unclear, most scholars agree that Old Chinese differs from Middle Chinese in lacking retroflex and palatal obstruents but having initial consonant clusters of some sort, and in having voiceless nasals and liquids. Most recent reconstructions also describe an atonal language with consonant clusters at
10728-752: The 12-volume Hanyu Da Cidian , records more than 23,000 head Chinese characters and gives over 370,000 definitions. The 1999 revised Cihai , a multi-volume encyclopedic dictionary reference work, gives 122,836 vocabulary entry definitions under 19,485 Chinese characters, including proper names, phrases, and common zoological, geographical, sociological, scientific, and technical terms. The 2016 edition of Xiandai Hanyu Cidian , an authoritative one-volume dictionary on modern standard Chinese language as used in mainland China, has 13,000 head characters and defines 70,000 words. Gorilla Gorilla gorilla Gorilla beringei Gorillas are herbivorous , predominantly ground-dwelling great apes that inhabit
10877-475: The Blue and Yellow Rangers, are introduced as two of the Pai Zhua's six 'finalist' senior students who each must fight a fellow finalist student they are paired with as part of a special event of three simultaneous finalist battles that will decide three winners who shall be assigned the duty of safeguarding the chest-sealed spirit of the evil Dai Shi from escaping and starting his ways once again - they must use all of
11026-589: The Jungle Fan and to channel his Bat Animal Spirit. He was later the first to be captured by the Phantom Beasts and his animal spirit transformed into the Bat Ranger. He was freed by R.J. and the Bat Ranger now fights with the other Rangers when summoned by either Theo or Master Swoop. He is portrayed by Oliver Driver . Master Finn is a Pai Zhua master and who possesses the spirit of the Shark , able to assume
11175-535: The Jungle Fury Power Rangers. Similar to the Titanium Ranger and the S.P.D. A-Squad Rangers, they are exclusive to the series. Fran is a book-loving, clumsy, loyal customer of Jungle Karma Pizza who is hired to work there by R.J. She discovers that her co-workers are the Power Rangers when she enters R.J.'s loft and sees them fighting on the monitors. She now serves the Ranger squad by either watching
11324-565: The Latin-based Vietnamese alphabet . English words of Chinese origin include tea from Hokkien 茶 ( tê ), dim sum from Cantonese 點心 ( dim2 sam1 ), and kumquat from Cantonese 金橘 ( gam1 gwat1 ). The sinologist Jerry Norman has estimated that there are hundreds of mutually unintelligible varieties of Chinese. These varieties form a dialect continuum , in which differences in speech generally become more pronounced as distances increase, though
11473-524: The Power Rangers by using the Crystal Eyes and controlling the Masters. Once the Masters were freed from the Crystal Eyes, they fought alongside the Rangers by controlling the bodies. They later on gave the Rangers control of the Spirit Rangers by way of summoning their Animal Spirits to fight alongside them. In the Final Beast War, the Spirit Rangers fight alongside the masters that inspired them and
11622-411: The Rangers during the Final Beast War when Dai Shi opens the gate to the spirit world to resurrect his beasts. He is portrayed by Stig Eldred. Chinese language Chinese ( simplified Chinese : 汉语 ; traditional Chinese : 漢語 ; pinyin : Hànyǔ ; lit. ' Han language' or 中文 ; Zhōngwén ; 'Chinese writing') is a group of languages spoken natively by
11771-460: The Rangers profusely in a big showdown and sequestered R.J., the Rangers were left Master-less. R.J. told them they knew what to do, which was to go back to basics, which led them back to the Pai Zhua Academy room where Dai Shi was kept. The Rangers noticed the masters' animal spirits etched in the wall and wondered where Master Rilla, Master Guin, and Master Lope are located. They were greeted once more by their fallen teacher Master Mao. He sent them to
11920-480: The Spirit World at Casey's urging to be trained by three fallen masters. They put them through tests, Master Rilla sent Casey to a dimension that resembled his old bedroom and had to face his childhood fear of a monster in his closet. Once he got it over it, he opened the door to find he had passed the test and granted the Claw Boosters, Jungle Master mode, and Gorilla Spirit Zord. He was later able to summon
12069-610: The Spirit World, with the help of Master Mao. Once there, they met their new Masters. Master Guin sent Lily on her journey to conquer her fear of spiders. Upon completing her journey, Lily not only gained the power to summon the Penguin Zord, but she also gained the power to morph into her Jungle Master Mode. After much of the year had passed, the time finally came to Casey, Theo & Lily to go through their Pai Zuha Masters Test. For her test, Lily had to battle against Master Phant. The two combatants squared off and fought hard. But in
12218-419: The abusive use of Animal Spirits by the series' antagonists, the Dai Shi Clan led by and named after the heartless spirit Dai Shi, for the extinction of humanity and the replacement by and ruling of evil beasts. The Pai Zhua fight against evil by calling on the spiritual powers of beasts and combining such a power source with the martial arts of humanity to use a human and beast spirit dual offense collaboration as
12367-428: The average weight of 42 wild adult male gorillas at 144 kg, while Smith and Jungers (1997) found the average weight of 19 wild adult male gorillas to be 169 kg. Adult male gorillas are known as silverbacks due to the characteristic silver hair on their backs reaching to the hips. The tallest gorilla recorded was a 1.95 m (6 ft 5 in) silverback with an arm span of 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in),
12516-404: The beginning of the series to find his path in life. After six years, he returns to Jungle Karma Pizza posing as Inspector Fuller of the health department until R.J. came down and recognized him. He is initially rejected by the other Rangers because of his irresponsible acts during the fight with Crocovile, until he saves Fran with the refined techniques he developed in his travels. With control over
12665-451: The chimpanzee genus. The species name was derived from Ancient Greek Γόριλλαι (gorillai) 'tribe of hairy women', as described by Hanno. The closest relatives of gorillas are the other two Homininae genera, chimpanzees and humans, all of them having diverged from a common ancestor about 7 million years ago. Human gene sequences differ only 1.6% on average from the sequences of corresponding gorilla genes, but there
12814-470: The city 350 years later at the end of the Punic Wars , 146 BC. In 1625 Andrew Battel mentioned the existence of the animal, under the name pongo. This Pongo is in all proportion like a man, but... he is more like a Giant in stature, than a man: for he is very tall, [and] hath a man's face, hollow-eyed, with long haire vpon his browes. His face and eares are without haire, and his hands also. His bodie
12963-491: The cost of losing three of their members in the fight. After Mao's death by the released Dai Shi, the Rangers learn under the three surviving Pai Zhua Masters, before the Masters were later brainwashed by the Phantom Beasts to become slave-like mediums for the Spirit Rangers. In the series finale, the four deceased Pai Zhua masters briefly return to even the Rangers' odds against the resurrected army of Dai Shi, finishing them off in their stronger anthropomorphic forms. Master Mao
13112-692: The courage to ask Lily out on a date, and she said yes. Lily would later appear in Super Megaforce as part of the veteran Ranger army who came to the aid of the Megaforce Rangers. Theo Martin (portrayed by Aljin Abella ) is a smart and well versed fighter in Pai Zhua who controls the Jaguar Spirit when he is given the powers of the Jungle Fury Blue Ranger. He learns to become a team player, eventually gaining control of
13261-399: The different spoken dialects varies, but in general, there has been a tendency to a reduction in sounds from Middle Chinese. The Mandarin dialects in particular have experienced a dramatic decrease in sounds and so have far more polysyllabic words than most other spoken varieties. The total number of syllables in some varieties is therefore only about a thousand, including tonal variation, which
13410-484: The difficulties involved in determining the difference between language and dialect, other terms have been proposed. These include topolect , lect , vernacular , regional , and variety . Syllables in the Chinese languages have some unique characteristics. They are tightly related to the morphology and also to the characters of the writing system, and phonologically they are structured according to fixed rules. The structure of each syllable consists of
13559-408: The eastern gorilla lives in east central Africa. Between the species, and even within the species, gorillas live in a variety of habitats and elevations. Gorilla habitat ranges from montane forest to swampland. Eastern gorillas inhabit montane and submontane forests between 650 and 4,000 m (2,130 and 13,120 ft) above sea level. Mountain gorillas live in montane forests at the higher end of
13708-643: The elevation range, while eastern lowland gorillas live in submontane forests at the lower end. In addition, eastern lowland gorillas live in montane bamboo forests, as well as lowland forests ranging from 600–3,308 m (1,969–10,853 ft) in elevation. Western gorillas live in both lowland swamp forests and montane forests, at elevations ranging from sea level to 1,600 m (5,200 ft). Western lowland gorillas live in swamp and lowland forests ranging up to 1,600 m (5,200 ft), and Cross River gorillas live in low-lying and submontane forests ranging from 150–1,600 m (490–5,250 ft). A gorilla's day
13857-576: The end of the syllable, developing into tone distinctions in Middle Chinese. Several derivational affixes have also been identified, but the language lacks inflection , and indicated grammatical relationships using word order and grammatical particles . Middle Chinese was the language used during Northern and Southern dynasties and the Sui , Tang , and Song dynasties (6th–10th centuries CE). It can be divided into an early period, reflected by
14006-520: The end, Lily won the fight and earned her title of Pai Zuha Cheetah Master. In the final battle against Dai Shi, it took help from Camille & Jarrod to help weaken Dai Shi. But only the chosen three could destroy Dai Shi. Together Casey, Theo & Lily reached a level of power no one had ever achieved before. This powerful attack was able to destroy Dai Shi for good. After the battle was over and won, both Lily & Theo remained at Jungle Karma Pizza working, alongside RJ & Flit. Theo finally managed
14155-663: The ethnic Han Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in China , as well as by various communities of the Chinese diaspora . Approximately 1.35 billion people, or 17% of the global population, speak a variety of Chinese as their first language . Chinese languages form the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. The spoken varieties of Chinese are usually considered by native speakers to be dialects of
14304-445: The fact that he could only become a master when he was sure of his own course. Upon Casey successfully freeing Jarrod from Dai Shi, R.J. is the one who gives him his Master Stripes. In the final battle against Dai Shi, it took help from Camille & Jarrod to help weaken Dai Shi. But only the chosen three could destroy Dai Shi, so together Casey, Theo & Lily reached a level of power no one had ever achieved before. This powerful attack
14453-413: The first one, 十 , normally appears in monosyllabic form in spoken Mandarin; the rest are normally used in the polysyllabic forms of respectively. In each, the homophone was disambiguated by the addition of another morpheme, typically either a near-synonym or some sort of generic word (e.g. 'head', 'thing'), the purpose of which is to indicate which of the possible meanings of the other, homophonic syllable
14602-491: The form of a word), to indicate a word's function within a sentence. In other words, Chinese has very few grammatical inflections —it possesses no tenses , no voices , no grammatical number , and only a few articles . They make heavy use of grammatical particles to indicate aspect and mood . In Mandarin, this involves the use of particles such as 了 ; le ; ' PFV ', 还 ; 還 ; hái ; 'still', and 已经 ; 已經 ; yǐjīng ; 'already'. Chinese has
14751-497: The gate to the spirit world to resurrect his beasts. As his students, Casey, Lily and Theo all derive their fighting styles and their animal spirits from Master Mao, thus why their animal spirits are all based on different species of cats. He is portrayed by Nathaniel Lees . Master Phant is a Pai Zhua master, known for the Jungle Mace and his Elephant Animal Spirit, able to assume a stronger elephant form. He retired prior to
14900-496: The general population. Studies have shown gorilla blood is not reactive to anti-A and anti-B monoclonal antibodies , which would, in humans, indicate type O blood . Due to novel sequences, though, it is different enough to not conform with the human ABO blood group system , into which the other great apes fit. A gorilla's lifespan is normally between 35 and 40 years, although zoo gorillas may live for 50 years or more in rare circumstances . At 67 years, 332 days, Fatou
15049-618: The government of the People's Republic of China, with Singapore officially adopting them in 1976. Traditional characters are used in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, and among Chinese-speaking communities overseas . Linguists classify all varieties of Chinese as part of the Sino-Tibetan language family , together with Burmese , Tibetan and many other languages spoken in the Himalayas and the Southeast Asian Massif . Although
15198-539: The ground with palms to end display. A gorilla's chest-beat may vary in frequency depending on its size. Smaller ones tend to have higher frequencies, while larger ones tend to be lower. They also do it the most when females are ready to mate. Gorillas are considered highly intelligent. A few individuals in captivity, such as Koko , have been taught a subset of sign language . Like the other great apes , gorillas can laugh, grieve, have "rich emotional lives", develop strong family bonds, make and use tools, and think about
15347-403: The ground. The young nest with their mothers, but construct nests after three years of age, initially close to those of their mothers. Gorilla nests are distributed arbitrarily and use of tree species for site and construction appears to be opportunistic. Nest-building by great apes is now considered to be not just animal architecture , but as an important instance of tool use . Gorillas make
15496-506: The group is attacked by humans, leopards, or other gorillas, an individual silverback will protect the group, even at the cost of his own life. Gorillas do not appear to directly compete with chimpanzees in areas where they overlap. When fruit is abundant, gorilla and chimpanzee diets converge, but when fruit is scarce gorillas resort to vegetation. The two apes may also feed on different species, whether fruit or insects. Gorillas and chimpanzees may ignore or avoid each other when feeding on
15645-538: The hand posture of 77 mountain gorillas at Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (8% of the population) found that knuckle walking was done only 60% of the time, and they also supported their weight on their fists, the backs of their hands/feet, and on their palms/soles (with the digits flexed). Such a range of hand postures was previously thought to have been used by only orangutans. Studies of gorilla handedness have yielded varying results, with some arguing for no preference for either hand, and others right-hand dominance for
15794-635: The history of Hanno the Navigator ( c. 500 BC), a Carthaginian explorer on an expedition to the west African coast to the area that later became Sierra Leone . Members of the expedition encountered "savage people, the greater part of whom were women, whose bodies were hairy, and whom our interpreters called Gorillae". It is unknown whether what the explorers encountered were what we now call gorillas, another species of ape or monkeys, or humans. Skins of gorillai women, brought back by Hanno, are reputed to have been kept at Carthage until Rome destroyed
15943-586: The language of administration and scholarship, a position it would retain until the late 19th century in Korea and (to a lesser extent) Japan, and the early 20th century in Vietnam. Scholars from different lands could communicate, albeit only in writing, using Literary Chinese. Although they used Chinese solely for written communication, each country had its own tradition of reading texts aloud using what are known as Sino-Xenic pronunciations . Chinese words with these pronunciations were also extensively imported into
16092-528: The late 19th century. Today Japanese is written with a composite script using both Chinese characters called kanji , and kana. Korean is written exclusively with hangul in North Korea, although knowledge of the supplementary Chinese characters called hanja is still required, and hanja are increasingly rarely used in South Korea. As a result of its historical colonization by France, Vietnamese now uses
16241-514: The leader being called a silverback. The eastern gorilla is distinguished from the western by darker fur colour and some other minor morphological differences. Gorillas tend to live 35–40 years in the wild. Gorillas' natural habitats cover tropical or subtropical forest in Sub-Saharan Africa . Although their range covers a small percentage of Sub-Saharan Africa, gorillas cover a wide range of elevations. The mountain gorilla inhabits
16390-471: The lessons, training and discipline they have gained so far try to defeat the finalist senior students they are assigned with for their battles. Eventually Theo and Lily win, and become two of the three who will ensure Dai Shi stays sealed. Casey, the Red Ranger, is introduced as being a part of a group of assistants for the Pai Zhua's students before his life in the Pai Zhua is redefined prior to becoming
16539-646: The lowland gorillas suggest that the western and eastern lowland populations diverged around 261 thousand years ago. Wild male gorillas weigh 136 to 227 kg (300 to 500 lb), while adult females weigh 68–113 kg (150–250 lb). Adult males are 1.4 to 1.8 m (4 ft 7 in to 5 ft 11 in) tall, with an arm span that stretches from 2.3 to 2.6 m (7 ft 7 in to 8 ft 6 in). Female gorillas are shorter at 1.25 to 1.5 m (4 ft 1 in to 4 ft 11 in), with smaller arm spans. Colin Groves (1970) calculated
16688-449: The monitors (a task performed by R.J. until he became a Ranger) or taking over the pizza shop when the Rangers have to go to battle. She has a big crush on Dominic after he saved her life when they first met. After Dai Shi's defeat, Dominic invited her to go on a European backpacking trip with him. Hyperventilating, she accepted. She is portrayed by Sarah Thomson . The founding members of the Pai Zhua battled Dai Shi and sealed his soul at
16837-455: The more conservative modern varieties, usually found in the south, have largely monosyllabic words , especially with basic vocabulary. However, most nouns, adjectives, and verbs in modern Mandarin are disyllabic. A significant cause of this is phonetic erosion : sound changes over time have steadily reduced the number of possible syllables in the language's inventory. In modern Mandarin, there are only around 1,200 possible syllables, including
16986-545: The mountain gorilla. There is now agreement that there are two species, each with two subspecies. More recently, a third subspecies has been claimed to exist in one of the species. The separate species and subspecies developed from a single type of gorilla during the Ice Age , when their forest habitats shrank and became isolated from each other. Primatologists continue to explore the relationships between various gorilla populations. The species and subspecies listed here are
17135-778: The movements of the group, leading the others to feeding sites, and taking responsibility for the safety and well-being of the troop. Younger males subordinate to the silverback, known as blackbacks, may serve as backup protection. Blackbacks are aged between 8 and 12 years and lack the silver back hair. The bond that a silverback has with his females forms the core of gorilla social life. Bonds between them are maintained by grooming and staying close together. Females form strong relationships with males to gain mating opportunities and protection from predators and infanticidal outside males. However, aggressive behaviours between males and females do occur, but rarely lead to serious injury. Relationships between females may vary. Maternally related females in
17284-425: The mutual unintelligibility between them is too great. However, calling major Chinese branches "languages" would also be wrong under the same criterion, since a branch such as Wu, itself contains many mutually unintelligible varieties, and could not be properly called a single language. There are also viewpoints pointing out that linguists often ignore mutual intelligibility when varieties share intelligibility with
17433-583: The nasal sonorant consonants /m/ and /ŋ/ can stand alone as their own syllable. In Mandarin much more than in other spoken varieties, most syllables tend to be open syllables, meaning they have no coda (assuming that a final glide is not analyzed as a coda), but syllables that do have codas are restricted to nasals /m/ , /n/ , /ŋ/ , the retroflex approximant /ɻ/ , and voiceless stops /p/ , /t/ , /k/ , or /ʔ/ . Some varieties allow most of these codas, whereas others, such as Standard Chinese, are limited to only /n/ , /ŋ/ , and /ɻ/ . The number of sounds in
17582-598: The ones upon which most scientists agree. [REDACTED] 2,600 [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Unknown [REDACTED] The proposed third subspecies of Gorilla beringei , which has not yet received a trinomen , is the Bwindi population of the mountain gorilla, sometimes called the Bwindi gorilla . Some variations that distinguish the classifications of gorilla include varying density, size, hair colour, length, culture, and facial widths. Population genetics of
17731-606: The other Rangers when summoned by either Lily or Master Phant. By the end of the series, he took part in the final battle and was present when the Rangers destroyed Dai Shi. He is portrayed by Bruce Allpress Master Swoop is a Pai Zhua master who possesses the spirit of the Bat , able to assume a stronger anthropomorphic bat form. He was R.J.'s mentor and taught him to fight without the aid of sight. Though blind and wearing sunglasses, Swoop manages to see things further than they really are and teaches Theo how to focus and trains him to use
17880-538: The other varieties within the same branch (e.g. Southern Min). There are, however, transitional areas where varieties from different branches share enough features for some limited intelligibility, including New Xiang with Southwestern Mandarin , Xuanzhou Wu Chinese with Lower Yangtze Mandarin , Jin with Central Plains Mandarin and certain divergent dialects of Hakka with Gan . All varieties of Chinese are tonal at least to some degree, and are largely analytic . The earliest attested written Chinese consists of
18029-474: The others and they are more dispersed across their range. They travel even farther than the other gorilla subspecies, at 1,105 m (0.687 mi) per day on average, and have larger home ranges of 7–14 km (2.7–5.4 sq mi). Western lowland gorillas have less access to terrestrial herbs, although they can access aquatic herbs in some areas. Termites and ants are also eaten. Gorillas rarely drink water "because they consume succulent vegetation that
18178-573: The past and future. Some researchers believe gorillas have spiritual feelings or religious sentiments. They have been shown to have cultures in different areas revolving around different methods of food preparation, and will show individual colour preferences . The following observations were made by a team led by Thomas Breuer of the Wildlife Conservation Society in September 2005. Gorillas are now known to use tools in
18327-404: The rate of change varies immensely. Generally, mountainous South China exhibits more linguistic diversity than the North China Plain . Until the late 20th century, Chinese emigrants to Southeast Asia and North America came from southeast coastal areas, where Min, Hakka, and Yue dialects were spoken. Specifically, most Chinese immigrants to North America until the mid-20th century spoke Taishanese ,
18476-552: The related subject dropping . Although the grammars of the spoken varieties share many traits, they do possess differences. The entire Chinese character corpus since antiquity comprises well over 50,000 characters, of which only roughly 10,000 are in use and only about 3,000 are frequently used in Chinese media and newspapers. However, Chinese characters should not be confused with Chinese words. Because most Chinese words are made up of two or more characters, there are many more Chinese words than characters. A more accurate equivalent for
18625-509: The relationship was first proposed in the early 19th century and is now broadly accepted, reconstruction of Sino-Tibetan is much less developed than that of families such as Indo-European or Austroasiatic . Difficulties have included the great diversity of the languages, the lack of inflection in many of them, and the effects of language contact. In addition, many of the smaller languages are spoken in mountainous areas that are difficult to reach and are often also sensitive border zones. Without
18774-422: The same tree, but they have also been documented to form social bonds. Conversely, coalitions of chimpanzees have been observed attacking families of gorillas including silverbacks and killing infants. Gorillas live in groups called troops. Troops tend to be made of one adult male or silverback, with a harem of multiple adult females and their offspring. However, multiple-male troops also exist. A silverback
18923-613: The series' beginning, but Lily's persistence caused him to become her master, he decided to help and taught Lily the techniques of the elephant he also teaches Lily how to use the Jungle Mace to defeat the Pangolin. He was later captured by the Phantom Beasts along with the other masters and his animal spirit transformed into the Elephant Ranger. He was freed by R.J. and the Elephant Spirit Ranger now fights with
19072-401: The silverback. If the silverback dies, these males may be able to become dominant or mate with the females. This behaviour has not been observed in eastern lowland gorillas. In a single male group, when the silverback dies, the females and their offspring disperse and find a new troop. Without a silverback to protect them, the infants will likely fall victim to infanticide . Joining a new group
19221-517: The six official languages of the United Nations . Standard Chinese is based on the Beijing dialect of Mandarin and was first officially adopted in the 1930s. The language is written primarily using a logography of Chinese characters , largely shared by readers who may otherwise speak mutually unintelligible varieties. Since the 1950s, the use of simplified characters has been promoted by
19370-561: The slightly later Menggu Ziyun , this dictionary describes a language with many of the features characteristic of modern Mandarin dialects. Up to the early 20th century, most Chinese people only spoke their local variety. Thus, as a practical measure, officials of the Ming and Qing dynasties carried out the administration of the empire using a common language based on Mandarin varieties , known as 官话 ; 官話 ; Guānhuà ; 'language of officials'. For most of this period, this language
19519-475: The spirit of Dai Shi, along with Casey & Theo. After Dai Shi escaped, and Master Mao was destroyed, Casey, Theo & Lily went to Ocean Bluff to find their new master, RJ. Now with the powers of the Yellow Ranger at her command, Lily needs to learn that sometimes things need to be taken a bit more seriously. While she is a greatly skilled fighter, Lily can sometimes not comprehend the full severity of
19668-623: The tonal distinctions, compared with about 5,000 in Vietnamese (still a largely monosyllabic language), and over 8,000 in English. Most modern varieties tend to form new words through polysyllabic compounds . In some cases, monosyllabic words have become disyllabic formed from different characters without the use of compounding, as in 窟窿 ; kūlong from 孔 ; kǒng ; this is especially common in Jin varieties. This phonological collapse has led to
19817-547: The traditional Western notion of a word. A Chinese cí can consist of more than one character–morpheme, usually two, but there can be three or more. Examples of Chinese words of more than two syllables include 汉堡包 ; 漢堡包 ; hànbǎobāo ; 'hamburger', 守门员 ; 守門員 ; shǒuményuán ; 'goalkeeper', and 电子邮件 ; 電子郵件 ; diànzǐyóujiàn ; 'e-mail'. All varieties of modern Chinese are analytic languages : they depend on syntax (word order and sentence structure), rather than inflectional morphology (changes in
19966-594: The tropical forests of equatorial Africa . The genus Gorilla is divided into two species: the eastern gorilla and the western gorilla , and either four or five subspecies . The DNA of gorillas is highly similar to that of humans , from 95 to 99% depending on what is included, and they are the next closest living relatives to humans after chimpanzees . Gorillas are the largest living primates , reaching heights between 1.25 and 1.8 metres, weights between 100 and 270kg, and arm spans up to 2.6 metres, depending on species and sex. They tend to live in troops, with
20115-512: The use of tones in Chinese is the application of the four tones of Standard Chinese, along with the neutral tone, to the syllable ma . The tones are exemplified by the following five Chinese words: In contrast, Standard Cantonese has six tones. Historically, finals that end in a stop consonant were considered to be " checked tones " and thus counted separately for a total of nine tones. However, they are considered to be duplicates in modern linguistics and are no longer counted as such: Chinese
20264-454: The weakened Whiger and Whiger assisted him in saving his friends. Whiger then faded away because his power was running out, but he didn't leave Casey's mind. When Casey battled Master Finn in a test for his Master Stripes, he didn't know what to do and followed what the others did and failed. R.J. later commented to Theo and Lily about this stating that a "student follows his master and doesn't ask." He then saw Jarrod save Camille from danger and
20413-485: The werewolf state, he was ready to attack Fran, but his friend stood up to him and showed compassion for her boss. Though this friendship, R.J. was able to return to normal. After doing so, R.J. joined the Rangers in battle, but this time he brought along his Wolf Morpher, which he had kept hidden for some time. Now as the Wolf Ranger, R.J. was able to fight alongside his team. He uses his Wolf Morpher as his weapon, and
20562-520: The western gorilla. Like humans, gorillas have individual fingerprints. Their eye colour is dark brown, framed by a black ring around the iris. Gorilla facial structure is described as mandibular prognathism , that is, the mandible protrudes farther out than the maxilla . Adult males also have a prominent sagittal crest . Gorillas move around by knuckle-walking , although they sometimes walk upright for short distances, typically while carrying food or in defensive situations. A 2018 study investigating
20711-531: The whereabouts of individual group members. They may also be used during social interactions when discipline is required. Screams and roars signal alarm or warning, and are produced most often by silverbacks. Deep, rumbling belches suggest contentment and are heard frequently during feeding and resting periods. They are the most common form of intragroup communication. For this reason, conflicts are most often resolved by displays and other threat behaviours that are intended to intimidate without becoming physical. As
20860-535: The wild, and 5,000 eastern gorillas. Both species are classified as Critically Endangered by the IUCN; all subspecies are classified as Critically Endangered with the exception of the mountain gorilla, which is classified as y . There are many threats to their survival, such as poaching, habitat destruction, and disease, which threaten the survival of the species. However, conservation efforts have been successful in some areas where they live. The word gorilla comes from
21009-452: The words in newspapers, and 60% of the words in science magazines. Vietnam, Korea, and Japan each developed writing systems for their own languages, initially based on Chinese characters , but later replaced with the hangul alphabet for Korean and supplemented with kana syllabaries for Japanese, while Vietnamese continued to be written with the complex chữ Nôm script. However, these were limited to popular literature until
21158-517: The written language used throughout China changed comparatively little, crystallizing into a prestige form known as Classical or Literary Chinese . Literature written distinctly in the Classical form began to emerge during the Spring and Autumn period . Its use in writing remained nearly universal until the late 19th century, culminating with the widespread adoption of written vernacular Chinese with
21307-453: Was a koiné based on dialects spoken in the Nanjing area, though not identical to any single dialect. By the middle of the 19th century, the Beijing dialect had become dominant and was essential for any business with the imperial court. In the 1930s, a standard national language ( 国语 ; 國語 ; Guóyǔ ), was adopted. After much dispute between proponents of northern and southern dialects and an abortive attempt at an artificial pronunciation,
21456-468: Was able to destroy Dai Shi for good. After the battle was over and won, R.J. remained in Ocean Bluff, continuing to run his Jungle Karma Pizza Parlor, with the help of Theo, Lily & Flit. He would later join the other Jungle Fury Rangers in battling the Warstar Armada forces in Super Megaforce . Dominic "Dom" Hargan (portrayed by Nikolai Nikolaeff ) was a student of Master Mao's sent away before
21605-612: Was convinced that Jarrod was still in Dai Shi, but no one else believed him. Casey fought Dai Shi in his palace and came back with Jarrod and Camille to join in battle. For this, he earned his Master Stripes from R.J. After the final battle against Dai Shi, Casey was teaching a class in Phi Zhua with Jarrod and Camille as students. He even repeated the "student follows his master and doesn't ask" wisdom to his students. In Super Megaforce besides teaching children his Kung Fu, Casey works as
21754-511: Was destroyed and Dai Shi escaped, the trio went to Ocean Bluff where they met their new master - RJ - and gave him the powers of the Jungle Fury Red Ranger. Casey still had doubts about himself because his teammates were much more experienced than him and he felt like he had to train twice as hard. At the pizza pallor Jungle Karma Pizza, he was a pro when it came to making pizza. Casey now needed to find out what it takes to become
21903-420: Was engaged in battle with one of Grizzaka's monsters, R.J.'s werewolf form came out again, in front of the Rangers. The team had to them battle their own friend for a short time. Once R.J. returned to normal, the team went back to the loft. R.J. explained that if he couldn't regain control, he'd be stuck in his Animal Form forever. It is thanks to Fran that R.J. was able to regain his balance. When he went back into
22052-485: Was hidden by their written form. Often different compounds for the same concept were in circulation for some time before a winner emerged, and sometimes the final choice differed between countries. The proportion of vocabulary of Chinese origin thus tends to be greater in technical, abstract, or formal language. For example, in Japan, Sino-Japanese words account for about 35% of the words in entertainment magazines, over half
22201-466: Was published, one writer claimed that "the large species, described by Buffon and other authors as of the size of a man, is held by many to be a Chimera ." The American physician and missionary Thomas Staughton Savage and naturalist Jeffries Wyman first described the western gorilla in 1847 from specimens obtained in Liberia . They called it Troglodytes gorilla , using the then-current name of
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