A parliamentary group , parliamentary caucus or political group is a group consisting of members of different political parties or independent politicians with similar ideologies. Some parliamentary systems allow smaller political parties, who are not numerous enough to form parliamentary groups in their own names, to join with other parties or independent politicians in order to benefit from rights or privileges that are only accorded to formally recognized groups. An electoral alliance , where political parties associate only for elections, is similar to a parliamentary group. A technical group is similar to a parliamentary group but with members of differing ideologies. In contrast, a political faction is a subgroup within a political party and a coalition forms only after elections.
85-502: Juntos por el Cambio (English: Together for Change ) is a political coalition in Argentina . A liberal coalition, it was created in 2015 as Cambiemos (English: Let's Change ), and renamed in 2019. It is composed of Republican Proposal , Radical Civic Union , Civic Coalition ARI and United Republicans . These three parties respectively nominated Mauricio Macri , Ernesto Sanz , and Elisa Carrió as their representatives in
170-522: A ballotage . In lower-level posts, Horacio Rodríguez Larreta was elected as Macri's replacement, keeping the City of Buenos Aires under coalition control. Alfredo Cornejo and Gerardo Morales became governors of Mendoza and Jujuy Provinces, respectively. María Eugenia Vidal defeated Aníbal Fernández and became the governor of the populous Buenos Aires Province , ending 28 years of Peronist control. The 2017 Argentine legislative election renewed
255-476: A legacy of anti-corruption , and increasing Argentina's sovereign marketability . The members of Cambiemos were constituted to "promote economic development , the strengthening of democracy and the republican system , the independence of justice , the quality of education , social solidarity , and the personal happiness of the inhabitants of the Argentine Republic ." Mauricio Macri received
340-965: A Central Bank scheme to sell US$ 10 billion value in future dollar contracts, while the charges indicate that those futures were actually worth US$ 15 billion. Kicillof was acquitted for absence of crime by the Federal Chamber of Criminal Appeals on 13 April 2021. Kicillof has published articles, both alone and in collaboration in a number of general publications, such as Clarín , La Nación , and Le Monde Diplomatique (Bolivian edition). Kicillof has contributed many articles, both alone and in collaboration, to such economic journals as Realidad Económica , II Encontro InterNaciónal da Associação Keynesiana Brasileira, Desarrollo económico - revista de ciencias sociales , I Jornada de Economía Política de la Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento , I Jornadas de Economía Crítica, Capital and Class , and Jornadas de Epistemología de las Ciencias Económicas . Kicillof
425-415: A District Court Judge Thomas Griesa blocked bondholders' payments for New York-issued bonds. The ruling, which granted holdouts above-market demands, had the contractually-stipulated effect of stopping payments to bondholders until holdout demands were met and in turn led to demands from restructured bondholders (the 92%) that their payments be released. On 3 July 2014, Newsweek reported that Argentina
510-539: A book, was titled Génesis y estructura de la Teoría General de Lord Keynes (Genesis and Structure of the General Theory of Lord Keynes). At university, Kicillof was a prominent student leader. He was the head of the student organization Tontos pero No Tanto (TNT, Spanish for Dummies but Not That Much ) and was also a member of the Kirchnerist youth group La Cámpora , now headed by Máximo Kirchner . As
595-639: A conservative. Macri said he would tear up Argentina's memorandum of understanding with Iran , seek Venezuela ’s exclusion from the regional free trade association Mercosur and ease away from a fixed exchange rate with the dollar. This is the "change of an era we need to be in the world", he declared at a press conference. He aligned the country with gradualist neoliberalism and re-opened Argentina to international markets by lifting currency controls , restructuring sovereign debt , and pressing free-market solutions . Macri said he would seek more sweeping reforms for Argentina after his governing coalition scored
680-595: A convention to decide what to do, and Sanz's proposal prevailed. Thus, the UCR left UNEN and joined the PRO-CC. The new coalition was named "Cambiemos", suggesting a change from the 12-year long rule of center-left Kirchnerists . Macri, Sanz, and Carrió ran to be the nominee in the primary elections with Macri winning by a wide margin. He won the presidential election against the Kirchnerite candidate Daniel Scioli in
765-407: A correlation between the supply of money in the economy with inflation , and favor a trade surplus , which he associates with better economic performance than a trade deficit . All these fringe positions are largely rejected by mainstream economists . Kicillof has been criticized for his alleged unwillingness to negotiate. Di Marco of La Nación stated that Kicillof's "economic team"
850-416: A country with huge economic problems, and sought to reverse things. Quickly, moved from a fixed exchange-rate system to a floating one, removed taxes on exports and reduced subsidies on energy , to reduce the fiscal deficit . Macri avoided the use of shock therapy and introduced the changes in a gradual way. In April 2016, he negotiated with the vulture fund and ended the default to return to
935-468: A decade". According to Burgo, Kicillof "blindly believes in the economic policy that he transmits to the President." Burgo has said that Kicillof's dream dream "is to lead Argentina's economy, plan it, mold it to his liking." As of November 2016, Kicillof had been indicted and charged in federal criminal court for his role in the "Future Dollar" controversy, in which Kicillof allegedly participated in
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#17327826744111020-442: A joint investigation into the 1994 bombing with AMIA , a terrorist attack on a Jewish organization for which Argentina blamed Hezbollah and Iran . Political coalition Parliamentary groups may elect a parliamentary leader ; such leaders are often important political players. Parliamentary groups in some cases use party discipline to control the votes of their members. Parliamentary groups correspond to " caucuses " in
1105-539: A region's group of countries') parliament(s), and, in a broader scope, to foster the bilateral relations between said countries. Parliamentary friendship groups play an important role in New Zealand's engagement in inter-parliamentary relations, with group members often called upon to participate and host meetings for visiting delegations from the other part, as well as often being invited by the other country's parliament to visit it. Friendship Groups do not speak for
1190-462: A resounding victory in 2017 congressional elections. Macri told reporters Argentinians should expect reforms in tax, education and labor, without providing details. The conservative leader had been pushing a free-market reform agenda to try to overhaul Argentina's economy. His presidency has been criticized for failing to materially reform the Argentine economy , while receiving praise for leaving
1275-786: A restoration of democracy in the country. It recognized Juan Guaidó , who was elected President of Venezuela by the National Assembly during the Venezuelan presidential crisis of 2019 . Macri improved the relations with the United States and from Mercosur achieved a free trade agreement with the European Union and closer ties with the Pacific Alliance . Macri and his Foreign Minister Susana Malcorra endorsed Democrat Hillary Clinton in
1360-638: A student leader, he was "acclaimed by students like a rock star." From 1989 to 2001, he was an outspoken critic of neoliberalism in Argentina. Kicillof was an adjunct professor in the Faculty of Economic Sciences at UBA from 1998 to 2010. While he was a professor, Kicillof was noted for his anti-Kirchner, Keynesian writings on the website of CENDA (the Center for Argentine Development, a think tank that he headed). Some of these writings were later removed from
1445-602: A third of the seats in the Senate and half in the Chamber of Deputies. The result was a victory for the ruling Cambiemos alliance, being the most voted force in 13 of the 24 districts. In June 2019, an extension of the Cambiemos alliance was made: it is renamed Together for Change, by adding to Federal Peronism led by Miguel Ángel Pichetto , who would share the presidential formula of space together with Mauricio Macri . In
1530-656: Is a psychologist and translator. His older brother, Nicolás, is a software engineer living in New York City. Laura Di Marco wrote in La Nación in November 2013 that Kicillof "is the son Cristina [Fernández de Kirchner] would have liked". Newsweek reported in July 2014 that Kicillof enjoyed "the full backing of Argentina's President Cristina Kirchner". According to his biographer, Kicillof "believes Cristina Kirchner
1615-406: Is known for his unorthodox haircut and dress code, signifying his anti-establishment views. Kicillof is the second child of three siblings born to psychologist Nora Barenstein and psychoanalyst Daniel Kicillof, both non-practicing Ashkenazi Jews ; Kicillof was raised in the neighborhood of Recoleta . His father committed suicide when Kicillof was 22. From 1984 to 1989, Kicillof attended
1700-632: Is married to Soledad Quereilhac, a professor of literature at the University of Buenos Aires and the author of a 2014 book, La imaginación científica. Ciencias ocultas y literatura fantástica en el Buenos Aires de entre-siglos (1875-1910) (The Scientific Imagination: occult sciences and fantasy literature in turn-of-the-century Buenos Aires (1875-1910)) . They live in the Buenos Aires neighborhood of Parque Chas and have two children. He speaks English and French fluently. His younger sister, Irene,
1785-657: Is much better than Kirchner." He is also a close friend of her son Máximo . A profile of Kicillof in The New York Times of 26 January 2014 was headlined "The Influential Minister Behind Argentina's Economic Shift". According to The New York Times , Kicillof was leading "a shift in the government's policies" as Argentina sought "to regain access to global financial markets, following the country's default on its foreign debt in 2002." The profile described Kicillof as "mercurial...a scholar with rockabilly-style sideburns and an aversion to business suits", and said that he
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#17327826744111870-448: Is to support the leadership by enforcing party discipline . In Armenia , political parties often form parliamentary groups before running in elections. Prior to the 2021 Armenian parliamentary elections , four different parliamentary groups were formed. A parliamentary group must pass the 7% electoral threshold in order to gain representation in the National Assembly . Higher electoral thresholds for parliamentary groups discourages
1955-407: Is typically led by a parliamentary group leader or chairperson , though some parliamentary groups have two or more co-leaders . If the parliamentary group is represented in the legislature, the leader is almost always chosen from among the sitting members; if the leader does not yet have a seat in the legislature, a sitting member of the group may be expected to resign to make way for him or her. If
2040-612: The 2016 US presidential election , which was won by Republican Donald Trump . Mauricio Macri said he wanted to start a "new kind of relationship" with the United Kingdom over the Falkland Islands as he tried to move his country towards a centrist position in world affairs. During the first week in office, Macri annulled the Memorandum of understanding between Argentina and Iran , which would have established
2125-665: The Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires . From 1990 to 1995, he studied at the Faculty of Economic Sciences of the University of Buenos Aires (UBA). He graduated magna cum laude , receiving a Degree in Economics with a focus on the public sector. He was the top student in his class of 122. From 1997 to 2005, he pursued graduate studies at UBA, receiving a Doctorate in Economics. His doctoral dissertation, later published as
2210-488: The D'Hondt cut and be elected. As a national deputy, Kicillof formed part of the parliamentary commissions on commerce, finance, budgets, industry, Mercosur , regional economies, small and medium-sized enterprises, and tax norms; he also presided over the commission on economic affairs and served as secretary of the Permanent Bicameral Commission on Foreign Debt. In 2018, he voted in favour of
2295-502: The Netherlands ( fractie ); Poland ( klub ), Switzerland ( fraction / Fraktion / frazione ); Romania ( grup parlamentar ); and Russia ( фракция/fraktsiya ), Spain ('grupo parlamentario'), and Ukraine ( фракція/fraktsiya ). Generally, parliamentary groups have some independence from the wider party organisations. It is often thought improper for elected MPs to take instructions solely from non-elected party officials or from
2380-499: The Parliamentary Friendship Groups , also called Inter-Parliamentary Friendship Groups , Friendship Parliamentary Groups , or Parliamentary Group of Friendship [and Cooperation] . "Parliamentary Friendship" groups are groups of congresspeople/members of parliament who voluntarily organise themselves to promote parliamentary relations between their own Parliament and another country's (or even
2465-869: The Radical Civic Union and the Socialist Party to the district alliance and is reelected as Chief of Government with 56% of the votes in the first round. On 10 December 2019 , the Centre-Left Alberto Fernández of the Justicialist Party was inaugurated President, after defeating the incumbent Mauricio Macri in the 2019 Argentine general election . On 14 November 2021, the center-left coalition of Argentina's ruling Peronist party, Frente de Todos (Front for Everyone), lost its majority in Congress for
2550-515: The United Kingdom Parliament there exist associations of MPs called "all-party parliamentary groups", which bring together members of different parliamentary groups who wish to involve themselves with a particular subject. This term is in a sense the opposite of the term 'parliamentary group', which designates a group that includes only members of the same party or electoral fusion. One special kind of parliamentary groups are
2635-672: The United States Congress and the Parliament of Canada . A parliamentary group is sometimes called the parliamentary wing of a party, as distinct from its organizational wing . Equivalent terms are used in different countries, including: Argentina ( bloque and interbloque ), Australia (party room); Austria ( Klub ); Belgium ( fractie / fraction / Fraktion ); Brazil and Portugal ("grupo parlamentar" or, informally, "bancadas"); Germany ( Fraktion ); Italy ( gruppo ), Finland (eduskuntaryhmä/ riksdagsgrupp );
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2720-588: The Voluntary Interruption of Pregnancy Bill , which would have legalised abortion in Argentina. The bill passed the Chamber, but was later struck down by the Senate . He also authored bills to declare the access to water, gas and electricity services a human right; to promote formal employment to the Argentine transgender population; to guarantee gender equality in employment; and to formalise
2805-614: The international capital markets . Until January 2018, the gradualist system was working well, although at a slower pace than needed. Since May 2018, as part of an agreement with the International Monetary Fund , the government accelerated the austerity plans, aiming to completely remove the fiscal deficit . Domestically, he pursued moderate socially liberal policies, liberalized the energy sector , and combatted public corruption . Macri named two Supreme Court justices. President Mauricio Macri encouraged
2890-442: The " Kicimóvil "), Kicillof visited all 135 partidos in the province meeting local activists, supporters, and members of the general public. Ahead of the 2019 provincial elections , Kicillof was nominated by the newly formed Frente de Todos coalition (formed by a majoritarian sector of the Justicialist Party and other peronist and progressive parties) as candidate to the governorship of Buenos Aires. The gubernatorial ticket
2975-525: The 2014 ruling. Kicillof has been a firm believer in Keynesian economics , and an avid admirer of the Kirchners since his student days when he was a member of the pro-Kirchner youth group La Cámpora and head of the radical student group TNT. A longtime professor of Economic Sciences at the University of Buenos Aires and outspoken critic of the neoliberal policies of the Kirchners' predecessors, he
3060-538: The 2019 presidential elections, JxC was in second place, with 40% of the votes, behind Alberto Fernández , who won first round with 48% of the votes. In the province of Buenos Aires , Governor María Eugenia Vidal sought re-election but was defeated by the candidate of the Frente de Todos , Axel Kicillof , who won 52% of the votes against 38% obtained by JxC. In the City of Buenos Aires , Horacio Rodríguez Larreta joins
3145-653: The Argentinian Economy, specializing in two subjects, the History of Economic Thought and Microeconomics and Macroeconomics, Fundamental Concepts of the Political Economy. Kicillof also taught a course entitled "Differentiation of Capital in the Field of Health" in the faculty of economics at the University of Buenos Aires. Since November 2010, Kicillof has been an assistant researcher for CONICET . At
3230-463: The August 2015 primary elections , which were held to choose which candidate would run in the 2015 presidential election on 25 October. On 9 August, Macri was elected as the candidate who would represent Cambiemos in the presidential election ; on 22 November, where he won in second round by 51%. Initially, the pre-candidates Mauricio Macri , Daniel Scioli , and Sergio Massa had a triple tie in
3315-521: The British economist John Maynard Keynes ", The New York Times indicated that Kicillof was seeking to "assert greater state control over Argentina's economy at a time when growth is slowing significantly and inflation is soaring." When Argentina devalued the peso in January 2014, Kicillof placed blame on the exchange-market speculation by Juan José Aranguren , head of Shell ; later in the year, when
3400-893: The Center of Studies for the Planning of Development (CEPLAD) at the Institute of Economics Research (University of Buenos Aires), he was appointed the deputy director and served from 2006 to 2010. Between 1990 and 1995, Kicillof worked in various advisory capacities for National Motor Vehicle Transport Commission (CONTA), Tintorerías Ecológicas Dolphin System, the Eduardo Sívori Museum (pro bono), Transportes Vidal S.A., SARTOR S.A., CALED S.A., Molinari S.A., Clínica Cirugía Plástica, Centro Médico Bacigaluppi, Center for Education on Sexuality Research and Therapy (CETIS), Center for Urology and Male Health (CEUSA), among other clients. He
3485-624: The Fernández de Kirchner government and that he now not only ran the Ministry of Economy but also wielded considerable influence over other ministries and executive agencies. Kicillof told the Senate in 2014: "There is a global consensus that there is no default in Argentina." He added: "There is no economic or financial reasons why the dollar is at 15 pesos." Nevertheless, international debt-rating agencies, such as Standard and Poor's , published indications of Argentina's default status. Kicillof
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3570-561: The Government of their own country, or even for the whole of the Parliament/Congress to which they belong, as they are usually self-regulating and self-fulfilling. Parliamentary Friendship Groups are active in the national congresses/parliaments of countries such as Armenia, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Germany, Israel, Laos, New Zealand, Pakistan, Peru, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, South Korea, Switzerland, and
3655-630: The Institute of Economic and Social Development at the Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS-IDES). In the Latin American Social Sciences Institute (FLACSO), he was the Professor of History of Economic Thought in the masters program for Public Policy for Development with Social Inclusion. Earlier, Kicillof taught economics in the masters and doctoral programs for Political Economics with
3740-460: The Ministry of Economy and who were being paid through their university had published a petition online accusing Kicillof of giving them “precarious” positions and said that within a few days they would issue a court injunction against him. Kicillof is the subject of a 2012 book, El Creyente: ¿Quién es Axel Kicillof? (The Believer: Who Is Axel Kicillof?) , by Ezequiel Burgo, who has described him as "the strongest Economy Minister Argentina has had in
3825-530: The Nation, which was headed by Hernán Lorenzino. After that, on 18 November 2013, Kicillof officially became Minister of Economy. Kicillof was instrumental in the renationalization of YPF . Fernández de Kirchner named Kicillof to the post of Secretary, or Deputy Minister, for Economic Policy and Development Planning in December 2011. He took academic leave to assume this post. In this position, Kicillof oversaw
3910-630: The November 2014 G-20 Summit in Brisbane , Australia , where he called on member nations to adopt measures against vulture funds. The importance of “having sovereign debt process that is orderly and foreseeable” was ultimately adopted as Point 12 in the Brisbane G-20 Summit's 21-point declaration. In a March 2015 statement, Kicillof contrasted the holdout creditors with "normal creditors" and predicted that other "vulture funds" would materialize and cause further problems for Argentina in
3995-461: The Renovate, Ahora 12, PROCREAR and PROGRESAR programmes, flagship policies of his tenure as finance minister, among others. Following the end of Fernández de Kirchner's presidential mandate, Kicillof and a close group of aides began a grassroots campaign across Buenos Aires Province , the largest and most populous of Argentina's 23 provinces. Onboard a 2011 Renault Clio (dubbed by the media as
4080-445: The U.N. lambasting the U.S. courts for driving Argentina's economy to the brink." Meanwhile, Kicillof kept the holdout creditors "dangling". Newsweek stated: "Even if it was not a deliberate move to tweak Argentina's inflamed creditors, [Kicillof's trip to New York and speech at the U.N.] worked: for the past 30 days, hedge funds such as Elliott have stepped up the urgency of their rhetoric, exhorting Argentina in editorials and emails to
4165-606: The U.S. had been improperly ordered by Griesa not to pay bondholders, and ultimately had the orders suspended or reversed by Griesa himself. Ahead of the 2015 general election , Kicillof was announced as the first candidate in the Front for Victory list to the Argentine Chamber of Deputies in the City of Buenos Aires . With 437,380 votes (22.37%), the FPV list came second, but with enough votes for Kicillof to make it past
4250-746: The Undersecretariat of Technical Administrative Coordination in the Secretariat of Social Development. In 1997, he acted as technical consultant to the Minister Secretary General of the Executive Branch in connection with the development of the government's social plan for 1998–2000. In 1997–1998, he was a consultant to the consulting firm M-Unit. In 1998 he was a Project Manager for AperNet. In 2009–2010, he served as CFO for Aerolíneas Argentinas in connection with
4335-488: The United States, among many others. Axel Kicillof Axel Kicillof ( Spanish: [ˈaksel kisiˈlof] , born 25 September 1971) is an Argentine economist and politician who has been Governor of Buenos Aires Province since 2019. Kicillof also served as Argentina's Minister of Economy from 2013 to 2015 under the presidency of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner . Described by his biographer as "the economic guru who captivated Cristina Kirchner ", Kicillof
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#17327826744114420-513: The bill was brought up again in late 2020, the coalition split, with 69 voting against and 42 in favour. In the PRO 40 members voted against while only 11 voted in favour, while in the Civic Coalition 4 supported the bill and 9 voted against. In contrast the radicals saw a greater endorsement of the bill, having 27 of its members in support and only 18 against. In the senate, the coalition
4505-581: The candidate of Juntos por el Cambio, was defeated in the first round. After the election, Patricia Bullrich returned to government as security minister in president Javier Milei's Cabinet in December 2023. Bullrich also stated that she will step down both as the leader of Juntos por el Cambio and her own Republican proposal (PRO) party. Cambiemos is a big tent coalition, variously described as centrist , to centre-right . The coalition describes itself as anti- populist and liberal . Former President and coalition leader Mauricio Macri has been described as
4590-523: The controversial 2012 nationalization of YPF, the Argentine oil company then controlled by the Spanish energy firm Repsol. It was the largest expropriation in Argentina's history. He justified this action as part of a needed reversal of the Argentinian economic policies of the 1990s, when the peso had been pegged to the dollar and government assets had been sold off. In connection with his oversight of
4675-444: The deteriorating purchasing power of wages", was now seemingly unaware that inflation had eroded Argentinians' purchasing power. Argentina has had extremely high levels of inflation during Kicillof's tenure as Economic minister. In June 2014, federal prosecutor Eduardo Taiano charged Kicillof with irregularities in the management of funds for the airport regulatory agency (ORSNA) while he was director of Aerolíneas Argentinas . Taiano
4760-805: The discussion of an abortion law during the 2018 opening of regular sessions of the National Congress of Argentina . The bill, called " Voluntary termination of pregnancy ", divided the coalition, that had no official position and the legislators voted according their beliefs. Mauricio Macri , Maria Eugenia Vidal , Horacio Rodríguez Larreta , Elisa Carrió , and ministers Marcos Peña , Rogelio Frigerio , Esteban Bullrich , etc., are anti-abortion ; Martin Lousteau , Mario Negri , Luis Petcoff Naidenoff and ministers Sergio Rubinstein, Patricia Bullrich , Sergio Bergman , Juan José Aranguren , etc.; are pro-abortion . In this coalition of 108 members,
4845-461: The firm's payment of $ 1.5 billion in dividends (the Argentine government is a substantial minority shareholder in Siderar). With the start of the second term of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner as president of Argentina , Kicillof was appointed Secretary for Economic Policy and Developmental Planning, integrating the organizational chart of officials of the Ministry of Economy and Public Finance of
4930-456: The first time in almost 40 years in midterm legislative elections . The election victory of Juntos por el Cambio meant a tough final two years in office for President Alberto Fernández. Losing control of the Senate made it difficult for him to make key appointments, including to the judiciary. It also forced him to negotiate with the opposition every initiative he sends to the legislature. In 2023 Argentine general election , Patricia Bullrich ,
5015-564: The formation of parliamentary groups like Centre-right coalition and Centre-left coalition . In the Swiss Federal Assembly , at least five members are required to form a parliamentary group. The most important task is to delegate members to the commissions. The parliamentary groups are decisive in Swiss Federal Assembly and not the political parties, which are not mentioned in the parliamentary law. In
5100-541: The formation of parliamentary groups running in elections. The parliamentary groups of the European Parliament must consist of no less than 25 MEPs from seven different EU member states . No party discipline is required. Parliamentary groups gain financial support and can join committees. Hungarian mixed-member majoritarian representation rewards the formation of parliamentary groups, like United for Hungary . Italian parallel voting system rewards
5185-427: The formulation of its business plan for 2011–2014. According to El País , he was one of several former TNT members who joined the management team of the newly nationalized airline. Kicillof was appointed deputy general manager of Aerolíneas Argentinas in 2011. That same year he was appointed to the board of directors of Siderar, a steel company, on behalf of the Argentine state in return for government approval of
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#17327826744115270-406: The future. Kicillof accused Judge Thomas Griesa, who had ordered Argentina to pay the holdout creditors on their terms, of making "a legal stew" that prevented Argentina from paying other creditors. Griesa's numerous rulings attempting to block bondholder payments were described by Kicillof as "absurd rulings with limited effects". Citibank Argentina and numerous other banks both within and outside
5355-422: The holdout creditors while Kicillof argued against it. It was Kicillof, reported Business Insider , who persuaded Fernández de Kirchner to ignore the group of private bankers trying to strike a deal. Kicillof had asked Fernández de Kirchner to reject a "deal between NML and private bankers — who may have purchased NML's bonds." He called the deal "a scam with depositors' savings". Kicillof represented Argentina at
5440-462: The latter would be compensated for a 51% stake in YPF with approximately US$ 5 billion in 10-year corporate bonds. On 18 November 2013, Fernández de Kirchner named Kicillof to the post of Minister of Economy. Newsweek reported in July 2014 that Kicillof enjoyed "the full backing of Argentina's President Cristina Kirchner." Kicillof, for his part, according to his biographer, "believes Cristina Kirchner
5525-424: The parliamentary and organisational leadership will be held by the same person or people, whether ex officio or not; other parties maintain a sharp distinction between the two offices. Nevertheless, in almost all cases, the parliamentary leader is the public face of the party, and wields considerable influence within the organisational wing, whether or not they hold any official position there. A parliamentary group
5610-415: The party is not represented in the legislature for the time being, the leader will often be put forward at a general election as the party's candidate for their most winnable seat. In some parties, the leader is elected solely by the members of the parliamentary group; in others, some or all members of the wider party participate in the election. Parliamentary groups often have one or more whips , whose role
5695-539: The peso was at its lowest ever position in relation to the dollar, he blamed " vulture funds " from the United States . El País reported in August 2014 that Kicillof had recently prevailed over the president of the Central Bank, Juan Carlos Fábrega , in two debates, including the question of whether to pay holdout creditors. El País stated that Kicillof had become "one of the most powerful officials" in
5780-743: The polls for the 2015 presidential election . Scioli was the candidate of the Front for Victory , the ruling party at the time. The other parties created a political coalition, the Broad Front UNEN . Elisa Carrió , leader of the Civic Coalition, left UNEN and joined a coalition with Macri's PRO instead. Both of them would run in the primary elections. The Radical Civic Union was divided: Ernesto Sanz proposed to join Macri as well, and Julio Cobos proposed to stay in UNEN. The party held
5865-506: The press to come to the negotiating table." Later in July, Kicillof led a negotiating team that met with Pollack in New York to try to resolve the dispute with Argentina's holdout creditors. Despite hopes that government representatives would deal directly with the creditors, reported The Wall Street Journal , Kicillof said before the meeting that his delegation would not meet with them, but only with Pollack. The president of Argentina's Central Bank, Juan Carlos Fábrega , advocated paying off
5950-456: The rejection of the project was imposed, with 65 negative votes compared to 42 positive. Within the ruling alliance, the PRO prevailed with the negative vote (37) - it should be remembered that President Mauricio Macri had expressed himself "in favor of life" - while 17 voted for the positive. In radicalism , 24 supported the initiative, 16 rejected it. In the Civic Coalition , of its 10 members, only Juan Manuel López voted in favor. When
6035-421: The seizure of YPF, Kicillof served as a Director of YPF SA starting in June 2012. His power at YPF was equivalent to that of a CFO. He has been called "the ideologue of the expropriation of YPF". In April 2012, Kicillof told the Argentine Congress that the country would not pay $ 10 billion in compensation for YPF, as demanded by Repsol. An agreement was ultimately reached with Repsol in November 2013, whereby
6120-581: The site. In 2003, Kicillof became the first head teaching assistant and later regular adjunct professor of economics II in the sociology track. He also taught economics at the Escuela Superior de Comercio Carlos Pellegrini , the Universidad Nacional de Quilmes , and the Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento . At the postgraduate level, Kicillof was professor of economics in the masters and doctoral programs for social sciences at
6205-449: The small subset of the electorate represented by party members. In any case, the exigencies of government, the need to cooperate with other members of the legislature and the desire to retain the support of the electorate as a whole often preclude strict adherence to the wider party's wishes. The exact relationship between the parliamentary party and the party varies between countries, and also from party to party. For example, in some parties,
6290-413: Was "anchored in the ideology of TNT economists who believed and believe that the state" should aim to establish a post-capitalist "revolutionary utopia". In response to statements by Kicillof that vulture funds were at fault for the devalued peso, Jorge Lanata observed that Keynes himself, Kicillof's hero, had mocked such analyses in 1923. Lanata wrote that Kicillof, who in 2006 had been "concerned about
6375-402: Was "emerging as the face of policy shifts that are sending tremors through financial markets around the developing world", as well as "wielding greater influence over an array of areas, from Argentina's oil industry to the government's attempts to slow capital flight and improve relations with international creditors." Noting that Kicillof's writings "use Marxist concepts to interpret the work of
6460-528: Was "pinning its hopes on the star power and persuasive skills of its young economy minister, Axel Kicillof, to broker an 11th-hour deal." Noting his refusal to meet with the holdout creditors, who were based in New York, Newsweek stated that "even after a U.S. judge appointed mediator Daniel Pollack to assist Argentina in forging a long-awaited settlement with its unpaid creditors, Kicillof traveled to New York in late June – but only to give an explosive speech at
6545-490: Was a central figure in the 2014 dispute with holdout bondholders , particularly with NML Capital Limited , the Cayman Islands -based hedge fund demanding US$ 832 million for Argentine bonds purchased for US$ 49 million in the secondary market in 2008. Argentine debt restructuring initiated in 2005 had been accepted by over 92% of bondholders, and these bonds had been serviced on schedule since then. A 2014 ruling by
6630-555: Was a part-time financial and information systems manager at the Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergies in 1990–95. He served as research assistant (1993) and junior economist at the Inter-American Center for Macroeconomic Studies from 1994 to 1995 and concurrently served as adviser on the National Commission for Promotion and Development of Patagonia in 1994. In 1995–96, he served as adviser to
6715-561: Was able to purchase 200-300 million dollars in bonds directly from the Central Bank. Bonelli noted that Kicillof had close ties to Diego Marynberg of Latam, and that Álvarez Agis had close ties to UBS Investment Bank official Jorge Pepa, who handled the Latam transaction while at UBS and who, some months later, was hired by Marynberg at Latam. On 10 March 2015, La Nación reported that Kicillof had been "accused of 'occupational fraud' in his own ministry". Some 200 students who had IT jobs in
6800-565: Was also investigating the airline's president, Mariano Recalde, saying that the two men had practiced systematic misappropriation. The charges were not admitted in court. In October 2014, Kicillof was denounced for his purported links with the Latam Securities Investment Fund (Latam). According to journalist Marcelo Bonelli, Kicillof, through his deputy, Emanuel Álvarez Agis, had ordered the Central Bank to give Latam special treatment. Because of this directive, Latam
6885-461: Was completed with La Matanza mayor Verónica Magario . Kicillof continued his travels onboard the 2011 Clio focusing his campaign on attacking the administration of incumbent governor María Eugenia Vidal , of the Cambiemos alliance, a close ally to president Mauricio Macri . Come election day, the Kicillof–Magario ticket received 52.15% of the votes, winning in a landslide against Vidal. He
6970-538: Was divided more evenly, with 11 members voting in favour and 14 against. It also resulted in an inversion of party support, with a majority of PRO voting favourably (5 yes and 3 no), while the radicals voted 9 against and 5 in favour. Other minor parties in JxC on both chambers also voted in different positions. Cambiemos opposes strongly the regime of Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela for human rights abuses and calls for
7055-777: Was instrumental in the 2012 renationalization of the energy firm YPF . It was on his advice that Fernández de Kirchner decided not to meet holdout bondholder demands to be repaid what they were owed in 2014. The decision was supported by among others the United Nations , the Organization of American States , the G-77 (133 nations), the Council on Foreign Relations , the American Bankers Association , and bondholders whose payments were stopped by
7140-525: Was sworn in as governor on 11 December 2019. As part of the Union for the Homeland (UP) coalition, Kicillof and Magario were re-elected to a second term on 22 October 2023 with 44.8% of the vote. Analysts pointed to Kicillof's successful re-election bid as a major factor in bolstering the shock victory of UP presidential hopeful Sergio Massa in the first round of that year's presidential elections . He
7225-477: Was sworn-in for his second term on 11 December 2023. According to Clarín , Kicillof completed an ideological turn, from teaching Marxist economics to the doctrine of Juan Perón , joined the Justicialist Party and is vice president of the party. The governor was described by one journalist as combining academic scholarship with overwhelming charisma. A heterodox economist , Kicillof favors an import substitution model against free trade . He also denies
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