Misplaced Pages

#149850

65-767: [REDACTED] Look up Oñate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Oñate may refer to: Oñati , a town in Gipuzkoa, Spain Oñate (surname) , a surname (including a list of people with the name) Juan de Oñate (1550–1626), Spanish conquistador and colonial governor of New Mexico Íñigo Vélez de Guevara, 7th Count of Oñate (1566–1644), Spanish politician Íñigo Vélez de Guevara, 8th Count of Oñate (1597–1658), Spanish politician Íñigo Vélez de Guevara, 10th Count of Oñate (1642–1699), Spanish nobleman Topics referred to by

130-677: A Jewish family surnamed Ha-Levi , they assumed the surname Maluenda after the town where they lived. They had been money lenders to kings, and prominent spice and silk merchants in Europe for hundreds of years. Pedro de Maluenda was commissary for Hernán Cortés; witnessed the destruction of the Aztec Empire , but died of a fever 6 months after the conquest. The Spanish colonial families were inter-related, of Christian, Sephardic (converso), or Jewish descent. The title "Captain General" precedes

195-849: A Sephardic Jewish converso to Catholicism, was royal physician , to the Catholic monarchs, and one of 16 regidores (administrators) of Granada during the struggle to oust the Moors. Gonzalo, his wife Catalina, and her brother Antonio de La Cadena Maluenda (treasurer of New Spain), left Spain in 1524, and arrived in Mexico City in 1525. A powerful member of the ruling class in the New World, Gonzalo, became an encomendero (holder of an encomienda ) of Tajimaroa ( Michoacán ), and held lands, and titles elsewhere. His daughter Catalina de Salazar de la Cadena first married Ruy de Mendoza, of

260-572: A bid by Juan Bautista de Lomas y Colmenares, and subsequently rejected by the King, on September 21, 1595 Philip II 's Viceroy Luís de Velasco selected Oñate from two other candidates to organize the resources of the newly acquired territory. The agreement with Viceroy Velasco tasked Oñate with two goals; the better-known aim was to explore and colonize the unknown lands annexed into the New Kingdom of León y Castilla (present day New Mexico ) and

325-473: A chief named Catarax ( Caddi was a Wichita title for a chief), the description of their granaries, and their location all are in accord with Coronado's earlier description of the Quivirans . However, they were probably not the same people Coronado met. Coronado found Quivira 120 miles north of Oñate's Rayados. The Rayados spoke of large settlements called Tancoa —perhaps the real name of Quivira—in an area to

390-547: A final policy decision has not been made about the Oñate statue other than its removal today to protect it from damage or destruction. The County Commission welcomes a respectful and civil discussion from its residents about the future of the Oñate statue." A memorial for Oñate was created for the New Mexico Cuarto Centenario (the 400th anniversary of Oñate's 1598 settlement). The memorial was meant to be

455-519: A guide and hostage, although " treating him well. " Caratax led Oñate and the Escanjaques across the river to Etzanoa , a settlement on the eastern bank, one or two miles from the river. The settlement was deserted, the inhabitants having fled. It contained " about twelve hundred houses, all established along the bank of another good-sized river which flowed into the large one [the Arkansas]....

520-471: A hill. The Rayados advanced, throwing dirt into the air as a sign that they were ready for war. Oñate quickly indicated that he did not wish to fight and made peace with this group of Rayados, who proved to be friendly and generous. Oñate liked the Rayados more than he did the Escanjaques. They were " united, peaceful, and settled. " They showed deference to their chief , named Caratax, whom Oñate detained as

585-465: A large river a few miles away and he became the first European to describe the tallgrass prairie . He spoke of fertile land, much better than that through which he had previously passed, and pastures " so good that in many places the grass was high enough to conceal a horse. " He found and tasted a fruit of good flavor, possibly the pawpaw . Near the river, Oñate's expedition party and their numerous Escanjaque guides saw three or four hundred Rayados on

650-517: A scandal, and on February 17, 1525, Estrada and Albornoz were admitted to the government, which now included all five men mentioned by Cortés. In order of importance, these were Salazar (tax collector), Almíndez (inspector), Estrada (treasurer), Albornoz (accountant) and Zuazo ( justicia mayor ). The expanded governing council was the work of Zuazo, acting as an arbitrator based on the first decree received from Cortés. The two factions, however, were not really reconciled. Estrada and Albornoz objected to

715-552: A skirmish erupted when a squad of Oñate's men stopped to trade for food supplies at the Acoma Pueblo . The Ácoma themselves needed their stored food to survive the coming winter. The Ácoma resisted and 11 Spaniards were ambushed and killed, including Oñate's nephew, Juan de Zaldívar . In January 1599, Oñate condemned the conflict as an insurrection and ordered the pueblo destroyed, a mandate carried out by Juan de Zaldívar's brother, Vicente de Zaldívar , in an offensive known as

SECTION 10

#1732773162150

780-412: A symbolic reminder of the foot-amputating Acoma Massacre . A local filmmaker, Chris Eyre , was contacted by one of the two perpetrators, saying "I'm back on the scene to show people that Oñate and his supporters must be shamed." The sculptor responded that chopping feet "was the nature of discipline of 400 years ago." In 2017, the statue's left foot was painted red and the words "Remember 1680" (year of

845-444: A tri-cultural collaboration (Hispanic, Anglo, and Tewa Pueblo Native American), with Reynaldo "Sonny" Rivera, Betty Sabo , and Nora Naranjo Morse . Because of the controversy surrounding Oñate, two separate memorials and perspectives were created. Rivera and Sabo did a series of bronze statues of Oñate leading the first group of Spanish settlers into New Mexico titled "La Jornada," while Naranjo-Morse created an abstract land art from

910-525: A whole foot left the prisoners useful as servants. In Onate's personal journal, he specifically refers to the punishment of the Acoma warriors as cutting off "las puntas del pie" (the points of the foot, the toes). In 1601, Oñate undertook a large expedition east to the Great Plains region of central North America. The expedition party included 130 Spanish soldiers and 12 Franciscan priests—similar to

975-412: Is a 1991 bronze statue dedicated to Oñate. In 1998, New Mexico celebrated the 400th anniversary of his arrival. Shortly before (December 29, 1997), and the close dates are no coincidence, unknown perpetrator(s) cut off the statue's right foot and left a note saying, "Fair is fair." Sculptor Reynaldo Rivera recast the foot, but a seam is still visible. Some commentators suggested leaving the statue maimed as

1040-400: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Juan de O%C3%B1ate Oñate is notorious for the 1599 Ácoma Massacre . Following a dispute that led to the ambush and death of thirteen Spaniards at the hands of the Ácoma , including Oñate's nephew, Juan de Zaldívar , Oñate ordered a brutal retaliation against Acoma Pueblo . The pueblo

1105-735: Is sometimes referred to as "the Last Conquistador ." Oñate is honored by some as an explorer but vilified by others for his cruelty to the Keres people of Acoma Pueblo . Oñate Elementary School in Albuquerque, New Mexico was named after Juan de Oñate and is currently the only public school in New Mexico carrying Oñate's namesake. Oñate High School in Las Cruces, New Mexico was also named after Juan de Oñate, but in 2021,

1170-594: The Canadian River into the modern state of Oklahoma . Leaving the river behind in a sandy area where his ox carts could not pass, he went across country, and the land became greener, with more water and groves of Black walnut ( Juglans nigra ) and bur oak ( Quercus macrocarpa ) trees. Jusepe probably led the Oñate party on the same route he had taken on the Umana and Leyba expedition six years earlier. They found an encampment of native people that Oñate called

1235-736: The Castilian War of the Communities , opposing the rebels against Emperor Charles V . For this, Charles rewarded him with the position of factor (tax collector), and Captain General (see below) of New Spain from 29 December 1524, until 29 January 1526. Prior to the appointment of a Viceroy in New Spain, Gonzalo had worked, alongside Pedro Almíndez Chirino , Alonso de Estrada (who preceded him, and succeeded him—they were on bad terms), and others, and endured power struggles and controversy. Gonzalo's father, Doctor Guadalupe de Salazar,

1300-458: The Escanjaques . He estimated the population at more than 5,000 living in 600 houses. The Escanjaques lived in round houses as large as 90 feet (27 m) in diameter and covered with tanned buffalo robes . They were hunters, according to Oñate, depending upon the buffalo for their subsistence and planting no crops. The Escanjaques told Oñate that Etzanoa , a large city of their enemies,

1365-551: The Pueblo Revolt ) were written with paint on the monument's base. The county of Rio Arriba temporarily removed the statue on June 15, 2020, which followed wider efforts to remove controversial statues across the United States . It is unknown whether the statue will be returned to its place in the future, with a statement from Rio Arriba County Commission stating: "Rio Arriba County residents need to understand that

SECTION 20

#1732773162150

1430-536: The Rayado Indians , was located only about twenty miles away. It seems possible that the Escanjaques had gathered together in large numbers either out of fear of the Rayados or to undertake a war against them. They attempted to enlist the assistance of the Spanish and their firearms, alleging that the Rayados were responsible for the deaths of Humana and Leyva a few years before. The Escanjaques guided Oñate to

1495-648: The Salton Sink . They mistakenly thought that the Gulf of California continued indefinitely to the northwest, giving rise to a belief that was common in the 17th century that the western coasts of an Island of California were what was seen by sailing expeditions in the Pacific. Native groups observed living on the lower Colorado River, were, from north to south, the Amacava (Mohave) , Bahacecha , Osera (Pima) , at

1560-698: The Viceroyalty of New Spain . His second goal was to capture Capt. Francisco Leyva de Bonilla (a traitor to the crown known to be in the region) as he already was transporting other criminals. His stated objective otherwise was to spread Catholicism by establishing new missions in Nuevo México . Oñate is credited with founding the Province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México , and was the province's first colonial governor, acting from 1598 to 1610. He held his colonial government at Ohkay Owingeh , and renamed

1625-845: The confluence of the Gila River with the Colorado, in a location later occupied by the Quechan , Alebdoma . Seen by Oñate below the Gila junction but subsequently reported upstream from there, in the area where Oñate had encountered the Coguana , or Kahwans, Agalle, and Agalecquamaya, or Halyikwamai , and the Cocopah . Concerning areas that the explorers had not observed directly, they gave fantastic reports about races of human and areas said to be rich in gold, silver, and pearls. In 1606, Oñate

1690-473: The Ácoma Massacre . An estimated 800–1,000 Ácoma died in the siege of the pueblo. Much later, when King Philip III of Spain heard the news of the massacre, and the punishments, Oñate was banished from New Mexico for his cruelty to the natives, and exiled from Mexico for five years, convicted by the Spanish government of using "excessive force" against the Acoma people . Oñate later returned to Spain to live out

1755-539: The Catholic calendar day of Ascension , April 30, 1598, the exploration party assembled on the south bank of the Rio Grande. In an Ascension Day ceremony, Oñate led the party in prayer, as he claimed all of the territory across the river for the Spanish Empire . Oñate's original terms would have made this land a separate viceroyalty to the crown in New Spain; this move failed to stand after de Zúñiga reviewed

1820-487: The Oñate expedition proceeded onward for another eight miles through heavily populated territory, although without seeing many Rayados. At this point, the Spaniards' courage deserted them. There were obviously many Rayados nearby and soon Oñate's men were warned that the Rayados were assembling an army. Discretion seemed the better part of valor. Oñate estimated that three hundred Spanish soldiers would be needed to confront

1885-445: The Rayados, and he turned his soldiers around to return to New Mexico. Oñate had worried about the Rayados hurting or attacking his expedition party, but it was instead the Escanjaques who repelled his men on their return to New Mexico. Oñate described a pitched battle with 1,500 Escanjaques, probably an exaggeration, but many Spaniards were wounded and many natives killed. After more than two hours of fighting, Oñate himself retired from

1950-722: The Walnut River site. A minority view would be that the Escanjaque encampment was on the Ninnescah River and the Rayado village was on the site of present-day Wichita, Kansas . Authorities have speculated that the Escanjaques were Apache, Tonkawa , Jumano , Quapaw , Kaw , or other tribes. Most likely they were Caddoan and spoke a Wichita dialect. We can be virtually certain that the Rayados were Caddoan Wichitas. Their grass houses, dispersed mode of settlement,

2015-472: The agreement. All summer, Oñate's expedition party followed the middle Rio Grande Valley to present-day northern New Mexico , where he engaged with Pueblo Indians . Gaspar Pérez de Villagrá , a captain of the expedition, chronicled Oñate's conquest of New Mexico's indigenous peoples in his epic poem Historia de la Nueva México . Oñate granted land to colonists on the expedition, and empowered them to demand tribute from Native Americans. In October 1598,

Oñate - Misplaced Pages Continue

2080-484: The appointment of "Viceroys" by the Spanish kings in the new world. In 1524 Governor and Captain General Cortés left Mexico City for Honduras. He put the government in charge of Alonso de Estrada , royal treasurer of the colony appointed by Charles, Rodrigo de Albornoz and Licenciado Alonso de Zuazo , with Estrada at the head. The transfer of power occurred October 12, 1524. When Cortés left Mexico City he

2145-501: The arrangement. On April 20, 1525, Salazar and Almíndez proclaimed that no officials were to recognize the authority of Estrada and Albornoz, on pain of 100 lashes and confiscation of property. This proclamation was signed by Zuazo, Cervantes, de la Torre, Sotomayor, Rodrigo de Paz (a member of the ayuntamiento , or city government), and the clerk Pérez. Estrada and Albornoz left Mexico City to seek out Cortés and present their case to him. The council continued with three members (Zuazo

2210-490: The battlefield. The hostage Rayado chief Caratax was freed by a raid on Oñate and Oñate freed several women captives, but he retained several boys at the request of the Spanish priests for instruction in the Catholic faith. The attack may have arisen from Oñate's kidnapping of Caratax and the women and children. Oñate and his men returned to San Juan de los Caballeros , arriving there on November 24, 1601 without any further incidents of note. The path of Oñate's expedition and

2275-441: The city in secret and made contact with members of the opposition. At daybreak on January 28, 1526 two hundred Spaniards rushed the convent. Armed supporters of Salazar, were intent on murdering Estrada, and were ready for a fight. Sadly, Salazar confronted the group alongside other noblemen, and relented. Cortes supporters had succeeded in getting the ayuntamiento to execute the orders of Cortes. The former opposition group left

2340-623: The convent and marched along the streets shouting " Viva Cortés ". They then assembled to the left of the convent. Salazar was arrested and caged in public display in the Zocalo, that same day. Almindez was also arrested in Tlaxcala and brought back to the city. With De Las Casas and Alvarado absent, Estrada and Albornoz governed from January 29, 1526 to June 24, of that same year, or just short of six months. Thereafter, Cortes returned briefly to his post on June 25, Salazar and Almindez did not. Salazar

2405-558: The desert itself of a large dirt spiral representing the Native American perspective titled "Numbe Whageh" (Tewa interpretation: Our Center Place). It is located at the Albuquerque Museum . In 1614, Oñate was exiled from what is now New Mexico and charged with mismanagement and excessive cruelty, especially at the Acoma massacre in Acoma . In 1599, after killing 500 warriors and 300 women and children, he ordered

2470-508: The eighteen ton , 34-foot-tall (10 m) statue in a ceremony on April 21, 2007. Oñate is mounted atop his Andalusian horse and holds the La Toma declaration in his right hand. It is one of the tallest statues in the United States. According to Houser, it is the largest and heaviest bronze equestrian statue in the world. The statue precipitated controversy due to Oñate being tried and convicted for many crimes including brutality against

2535-621: The expedition of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire —and a retinue of 130 American Indian soldiers and servants. The expedition possessed 350 horses and mules. Oñate journeyed across the plains eastward from New Mexico in a renewed search for Quivira , the fabled "city of gold." As had the earlier Coronado Expedition in the 1540s, Oñate encountered Apaches in the Texas Panhandle region. Oñate proceeded eastward, following

2600-508: The expedition was to locate a port by which New Mexico could be supplied, as an alternative to the laborious overland route from New Spain. The expedition to the lower Colorado River was important as the only recorded European incursion into that region between the expeditions of Hernando de Alarcón and Melchior Díaz in 1540, and the visits of Eusebio Francisco Kino beginning in 1701. The explorers did not see evidence of prehistoric Lake Cahuilla , which must have arisen shortly afterwards in

2665-431: The famous Mendoza clan, and subsequently wed Cristóbal de Oñate. Their son, Juan de Oñate , established San Juan de Los Caballeros near present-day Santa Fe, New Mexico in 1598. Gonzalo's son Juan Velázquez de Salazar, inherited his estates. Gonzalo had a brother named Juan Salazar Velázquez. Gonzalo Salazar's wife, Catarina (aka Catalina) de la Cadena Maluenda, was descended from Mossen Truchas de Calatayud. Originally also

Oñate - Misplaced Pages Continue

2730-788: The high school's name was changed to Organ Mountain High School. Juan de Oñate Elementary School in Gallup, New Mexico , was merged with another school to become Del Norte Elementary School in 2017. The street that runs through the historic central business district of Española, New Mexico , is named Paseo de Oñate. In the Northern Rio Grande National Heritage Center (until 2017 the Oñate Monument and Visitor Center) in Alcalde, New Mexico ,

2795-579: The identity of the Escanjaques and the Rayados are much debated. Most authorities believe his route led down the Canadian River from Texas to Oklahoma, cross-country to the Salt Fork , where he found the Escanjaque encampment, and then to the Arkansas River and its tributary, the Walnut River at Arkansas City, Kansas where the Rayado settlement was located. Archaeological evidence favors

2860-477: The north. Thus, the Rayados were related culturally and linguistically to the Quivirans but not part of the same political entity. The Wichita at this time were not unified, but rather a large number of related tribes scattered over most of Kansas and Oklahoma, so it is not implausible that the Rayados and Escanjaques spoke the same language, but were nevertheless enemies. Oñate's last major expedition went to

2925-570: The pueblo there 'San Juan de los Caballeros'. In late 1595, the Viceroy Gaspar de Zúñiga followed his predecessor's advice, and in the summer of 1596 delayed Oñate's expedition in order to review the terms of the original agreement, signed before the previous Viceroy had left office. In March 1598, Oñate's expedition moved out and forded the Rio Grande (Río del Norte) south of present-day El Paso and Ciudad Juárez in late April. On

2990-444: The remainder of his life. Of the 500 or so survivors, at a trial at Ohkay Owingeh , Oñate sentenced all men and women older than 12 to twenty years of forced "personal servitude". In addition, men older than 25 (24 individuals) were to have a foot amputated. According to recent research, there is no evidence of this happening and that, at most, the prisoners lost some toes. This latter theory makes sense, for losing toes rather than

3055-598: The remainder of his life. 2014 marked the 400th anniversary of Juan de Oñate's exile from New Mexico. Despite his atrocities, Oñate is still celebrated today at the Española Valley Fiestas. In 1997 the City of El Paso hired the sculptor John Sherrill Houser to create an equestrian statue of the conquistador. In reaction to protests, two city council members retracted their support for the project. The $ 2,000,000 statue took nearly nine years to build and

3120-607: The return of Cortés in Mexico City. Cortes issued a decree replacing Salazar and Almíndez in the governing triumvirate with, Francisco de las Casas , and Pedro de Alvarado . In the absence, or incapacity of Las Casas and Alvarado, Estrada and Albornoz were named as replacements. Salazar and Almindez sought refuge in the Franciscan convent. Polorized, Salazar proponents assembled before Cortes arrived. They consisted of clergymen, friends, servants, family, and some followers, alongside those who wanted to reinstate Estrada. Orantes entered

3185-414: The right foot be chopped off of all surviving 24 Acoma warriors. Males between the ages of 12 and 25 were also enslaved for 20 years, along with all of the females above the age of 12. When King Phillip of Spain heard the news from Acoma, Oñate was brought up on 30 charges of mismanagement and excessive cruelty. He was found guilty of cruelty, immorality, and false reporting and was exiled to Spain to live out

3250-417: The royal court of Spanish monarchs from the late 1300s to the mid-1500s." She was of Spanish ancestry and descended from conversos , former Jews , on at least several branches of her family tree. Among these converso relatives was her paternal grandfather, the royal physician Doctor Guadalupe de Salazar. Other family members became Christians in the 1390s, around 160 years before Oñate's birth. Her father

3315-406: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Oñate . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oñate&oldid=986888282 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

SECTION 50

#1732773162150

3380-466: The settlement of the Rayados seemed typical of those seen by Coronado in Quivira in the 1540s. The homesteads were dispersed; the houses round, thatched with grass, large enough to sleep ten persons each, and surrounded by large granaries to store the corn, beans, and squash they grew in their fields." With difficulty Oñate restrained the Escanjaques from looting the town and sent them home. The next day

3445-432: The two groups could reconcile their differences. The second decree directed that Salazar and Almíndez replace Estrada and Albornoz. When Salazar and Almíndez arrived back in the capital, they suppressed the first of these decrees, and made known only the second one, thus taking over the government. This took place on December 29, 1524. However, they made the mistake of admitting the deception to some friends. This resulted in

3510-779: The west, from New Mexico to the lower valley of the Colorado River . The party of about three dozen men set out from the Rio Grande valley in October 1604. They traveled by way of Zuñi , the Hopi pueblos , and the Bill Williams River to the Colorado River, and descended that river to its mouth in the Gulf of California in January 1605, before returning along the same route to New Mexico. The evident purpose of

3575-525: The Ácoma Pueblo tribe, and was protested by groups such as the Ácoma tribe during the development of the project as well as at the inauguration. To defuse some of the controversy, the statue was renamed "The Equestrian". The statue was vandalized in June 2020. Gonzalo de Salazar Gonzalo de Salazar ( Granada , Castile – c.  1564 , New Spain ) was an aristocrat, and leader of several councils that governed New Spain while Hernán Cortés

3640-561: Was Gonzalo de Salazar , leader of several councils that governed New Spain while Hernán Cortés was traveling to Honduras in 1525–26. Juan de Oñate married Isabel de Tolosa Cortés de Moctezuma , who was the granddaughter of Hernán Cortés , the conqueror of the Triple Alliance , and the great-granddaughter of the Aztec Emperor Moctezuma Xocoyotzin . They had two children: In response to

3705-399: Was accompanied by Gonzalo de Salazar and Pedro Almíndez Chirino as far as Coatzacoalcos . Salazar and Almíndez used this opportunity to convince the conqueror that they should be included in the government. Cortés sent them back with two decrees. The first decree directed that they join the already-formed government of Estrada, Albornoz and Zuazo as its fourth and fifth members, provided that

3770-602: Was destroyed. Around 800–1000 Ácoma were killed. Today, Oñate remains a controversial figure in New Mexican history: in 1998, the right foot was cut off a statue of the conquistador that stands in Alcalde, New Mexico , in protest of the massacre, and significant controversy arose when a large equestrian statue of Oñate was erected in El Paso, Texas , in 2006. On June 15, 2020, the statue of Oñate in Alcalde, New Mexico

3835-561: Was freed after a few months, exiled to Spain, and banned from returning to New Spain. Salazar and Almíndez escaped the fate of many of their enemies because of their royal connections. Salazar escaped execution due to his status. In June a new administration was formed. Despite the court intrigue, and plots, Salazar returned to the Spanish court, was reappointed, and returned to New Spain in 1540. He completed his position as factor in New Spain without issue. Salazar behaved as if nothing had happened. Dubbed " el gordo " behind his back, he

3900-410: Was kept in the sculptor's Mexico City warehouse. The statue was completed in early 2006, transported in pieces on flatbed trailers to El Paso during the summer, and installed in October. The controversy over the statue prior to its installation was the subject of the documentary film The Last Conquistador , presented in 2008 as part of PBS 's P.O.V. television series. The City of El Paso unveiled

3965-493: Was recalled to Mexico City for a hearing regarding his conduct. After finishing plans for the founding of the town of Santa Fe , he resigned his post and was tried and convicted of cruelty to both natives and colonists. He was banished from New Mexico for life and exiled from Mexico City for five years. Eventually Oñate went to Spain, where the king appointed him head of all mining inspectors in Spain. He died in Spain in 1626. He

SECTION 60

#1732773162150

4030-659: Was still a member) until April 20, 1525. In the middle of the night, Zuazo was arrested in his home and taken under guard to be sent back to Spain. He went as far as Santo Domingo , where he spent the rest of his life, and died in 1527. Zuazo was a respectable, educated man, a friend of Cortés, and apparently incorruptible. His arrest freed Salazar and Almíndez from all checks on their authority, and they began to govern despotically. They made it known that Cortés (untruthfully) had been killed by Indians. On August 19, 1525 they tried to confiscate his property. They arrested Rodrigo de Paz, whom Cortés had left as majordomo of his property. Paz

4095-661: Was temporarily removed by Rio Arriba County workers at the direction of officials. Civic institutions will make the final decision on the statue's future. Oñate was born in 1550, at Zacatecas in New Spain (colonial México), to the Spanish-Basque conquistador and silver baron Cristóbal de Oñate , a descendant of the noble house of Haro . Oñate's mother, Doña Catalina Salazar y de la Cadena, had among her ancestors Jewish-origin New Christians who "served in

4160-412: Was tortured to find out the location of Cortés's hidden treasure. He provided some locations, and then was hanged in the plaza. Salazar sent out agents to extort treasures. When refugees were forced to leave a church, Father Valencia protested the violation of sanctuary by excommunicating Mexico City until the prisoners were restored. In January 1526 a messenger (Martín de Orantes AKA Dorantes) announced

4225-649: Was traveling to Honduras , in 1525−26. Though born into a family which was originally Jewish, Gonzalo was the first child baptized to the Christian faith in Granada after its reconquest from the Moors. Consequently, he was granted titles, special privileges, and at an early age, appointed royal page to the Catholic Monarchs at court in Granada, despite his otherwise New Christian pedigree. He fought in

#149850