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58-406: The calibre 930 was introduced in 1969 in both Omega Seamaster Bullhead and De-Ville models. The watch was produced by Omega SA watches as a twin register chronograph with date in stainless steel models and gold plated models. The movement was manual wind and was an evolution of the calibre 27 CHRO used as part of the wider Omega range but with date function The Omega Bullhead was marketed as

116-671: A 10,928 meter dive to the bottom of the Mariana Trench affixed to the bathyscaphe Limiting Factor , setting a new world record at the time as deepest dive watch by 12 meters. Omega produces several models of Seamaster watches, with numerous variations of case materials, bracelet, water resistance, and case diameter. The current offerings among the Seamaster line are below: Seamaster Aqua Terra collection: Seamaster Diver Professional 300M collection: Seamaster Planet Ocean collection: The Seamaster line also includes

174-477: A Richard chronograph . There was also a non date variation produced by Lemania without the internal rotating bezel as well as a composite cased model produced by Tissot as part of their Sidereal range. The calibre 930 was relatively short lived and was not originally popular. At the time of introduction quartz watch technology such as the Omega Electroquartz was taking off and there was already

232-555: A US Navy hydrographic ship equipped with a multibeam echosounder conducted a survey which mapped the entire trench to 100 m (330 ft; 55 fathoms) resolution. The mapping revealed the existence of four rocky outcrops thought to be former seamounts . The Mariana Trench is a site chosen by researchers at Washington University in St. Louis and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 2012 for

290-455: A crown at six o’clock. The Bullhead has its nickname due to the main winding crown being located at 12 o’clock and the chronograph pushers being located either side. The watch was also unique in design as the case was much thicker at the top than the bottom meaning the watch sat higher on the wrist at 12 o’clock than it did at six o’clock. The Bullhead variation of the calibre 930 movement was also produced branded by Bucherer and Lemania as well

348-461: A depth of 5,269 fathoms (9,636 metres; 31,614 feet). In 1951, under Chief Scientist Thomas Gaskell , Challenger II surveyed the trench using echo sounding , a much more precise and vastly easier way to measure depth than the sounding equipment and drag lines used in the original expedition. During this survey, the deepest part of the trench was recorded when the Challenger II measured

406-584: A depth of 5,960 fathoms (10,900 metres; 35,760 feet) at 11°19′N 142°15′E  /  11.317°N 142.250°E  / 11.317; 142.250 , known as the Challenger Deep . In 1957, the Soviet vessel Vityaz reported a depth of 11,034 m (36,201 ft; 6,033 fathoms) at a location dubbed the Mariana Hollow . In 1962, the surface ship M.V. Spencer F. Baird recorded

464-568: A drivers / Rally watch as part of the chronostop range of watches and like others in the range was quirky in both design and colour configuration of the dial. The movement was an evolution of Omega's 27 CHRO range and formed part of the wider 861 family of watches, developed from the 320 and 321 series. The movement was manual wind with date. The 930 movement was only used in two models, both of which were stainless steel or gold plated. 1) The Omega De-Ville calibre 930 with twin side-by-side chronograph in stainless steel or gold plated cases. The watch

522-628: A fully anti-magnetic movement. The first watch able to resist magnetic fields up to 15,000 gauss was the Omega Aqua Terra Gauss. The first full anti-magnetic movement and Master Chronometer certified by the COSC is the Omega Constellation "Pie-Pan" Globemaster. This movement is capable of having a see-through case-back (the cal. 8800 in the new Seamaster 300 M) characterized by a movement with fully anti-magnetic parts. This

580-568: A maximum depth of 10,915 m (35,810 ft; 5,968 fathoms) using precision depth gauges . In 1984, the Japanese survey vessel Takuyō (拓洋) collected data from the Mariana Trench using a narrow, multi-beam echo sounder; it reported a maximum depth of 10,924 metres (35,840 ft), also reported as 10,920 ± 10 m (35,827 ± 33 ft; 5,971.1 ± 5.5 fathoms). Remotely Operated Vehicle KAIKO reached

638-422: A plastic bag and candy wrappers at the bottom of the trench. That year, Scientific American also reported that carbon-14 from nuclear bomb testing has been found in the bodies of aquatic animals found in the trench. Like other oceanic trenches, the Mariana Trench has been proposed as a site for nuclear waste disposal in the hope that tectonic plate subduction occurring at the site might eventually push

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696-521: A sapphire crystal. After its absence in three films, the Diver 300M returns in No Time to Die in the form of a new model, this time with a black dial, a titanium case, powered by Omega's Co-Axial Master Chronometer 8806 and is the first in the line of Seamasters to have a Milanese mesh strap and not to feature a date window. It was designed in collaboration with Daniel Craig. The term Co-Axial represents

754-406: A second). This change was noted to be the optimal working vibration of the movement and may contribute to lower service intervals. The coaxial D variation was made to allow for an even more efficient 3-tier escapement. This development of technology helped the company innovate the 8400 (no date), 8500 (w/date complications), and 9300 (chronograph) three-tier in-house movements. The co-axial D variation

812-468: A seismic survey to investigate the subsurface water cycle . Using both ocean-bottom seismometers and hydrophones , the scientists are able to map structures as deep as 97 kilometres (318,000 ft; 53,000 fathoms; 60 miles) beneath the surface. As of 2022, 22 crewed descents and seven uncrewed descents have been achieved. The first was the crewed descent by Swiss-designed, Italian-built, United States Navy -owned bathyscaphe Trieste , which reached

870-486: A significantly established line of Omega chronographs which was complimented in the early 1970s by a range of automatic Omega Chronographs under calibre 1040, 1041 (the world's first chronometer chronograph used in the Omega Speedmaster 125) and 1045 as well as a range of electronic chronographs branded as Speedsonic and using a tuning fork movement with additional chronograph module. The Bullhead variation of

928-613: A small orange-colored 007 logo on the second hand, an engraved case-back signifying the Bond connection, and an engraved 007 on the clasp. In Quantum of Solace , Craig wears the Omega Seamaster Planet Ocean with a black face and steel bracelet (42 mm version). Another limited edition was released featuring the checkered "PPK grip" face with the Quantum of Solace logo over it. The Seamaster Professional Diver 300M

986-432: A specialized watch escapement exclusive to Omega that was developed in 1970 by British horologist and watchmaker George Daniels . The Swiss Lever escapement has been the standard in horology for hundreds of years. The escapement provides the release of energy from the mainspring to the going train that further controls the function of the moving parts that measure time and other complications . The Swiss lever, although

1044-587: A survey around Guam ; they used a sonar mapping system towed behind the research ship to conduct the survey. This new spot was named the HMRG (Hawaii Mapping Research Group) Deep , after the group of scientists who discovered it. On 1 June 2009, mapping aboard the RV ; Kilo Moana (mothership of the Nereus vehicle), indicated a spot with a depth of 10,971 m (35,994 ft; 5,999 fathoms). The sonar mapping of

1102-436: A zirconium dioxide watch face with laser-engraved waves, paying tribute to the very first Seamaster Professional models. The watch is continued to be loved by collectors and enthusiasts as a "modern classic" with an outermost "go anywhere" attitude and elegance of a dress watch. Mariana Trench The Mariana Trench is an oceanic trench located in the western Pacific Ocean , about 200 kilometres (124 mi) east of

1160-550: Is a line of automatic winding mechanical diving watches from Omega with a history that can be traced back to the original water-resistant dress-style watch released in 1948. The Seamaster collection is perhaps best known today for the Seamaster Diver Professional 300m model that has been worn in the James Bond movie franchise since 1995. Originally conceived as a dressy, water-resistant timepiece,

1218-719: Is split into separate lines of Seamaster models: the Aqua Terra line serves as the everyday sports watch model, the Diver Professional 300m line is the successor to the 1995 James Bond watch, the Planet Ocean line serves as the heavier duty dive watch line, and the Seamaster 300 (not to be confused with the Diver 300m) and Railmaster lines are modern versions of those iconic models from Omega's past. In 2019, three specially made experimental watches dubbed Omega Seamaster Planet Ocean Ultra Deep Professionals survived

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1276-559: Is still made specifically for the Omega Diver 300m co-axial. The Diver 300m, a watch produced since 1993, has a certain shape and size that are characteristic of this watch, the 2500 is slender enough to keep the case shape and size proportionate on the Diver 300m also known as the SMP. The next generation of watchmaking focuses on anti-magnetic movements . According to studies by the COSC ,

1334-497: Is the beginning of a new generation of watch movements, re-institutionalizing the mechanical movement that once was deemed obsolete by the quartz movement of the 1970s to the present day. In 2018, on the 70th anniversary of the Seamaster and the 25th anniversary of the Seamaster Diver 300 M, Omega released a new version of the Diver 300 M (also known as Seamaster Professional). It features a zirconium dioxide bezel as well as

1392-498: Is the first underwater vehicle to operate autonomously at the extreme depths of the Mariana Trench. The duration of the mission, excluding diving and surfacing, was more than 3 hours. On 10 November 2020, the Chinese submersible Fendouzhe reached the bottom of the Mariana Trench at a depth of 10,909 m (35,791 ft; 5,965 fathoms). The expedition conducted in 1960 claimed to have observed, with great surprise because of

1450-407: Is the process where species grow larger than their shallow-water relatives. In May 2017, an unidentified type of snailfish was filmed at a depth of 8,178 metres (26,800 ft). In 2016, a research expedition looked at the chemical makeup of crustacean scavengers collected from the range of 7,841–10,250 m (25,725–33,629 ft; 4,288–5,605 fathoms) within the trench. Within these organisms,

1508-415: The Challenger Deep . The deepest point of the trench is more than 2 km (1.2 mi) farther from sea level than the peak of Mount Everest . At the bottom of the trench, the water column above exerts a pressure of 1,086 bar (15,750 psi), more than 1,071 times the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level. At this pressure, the density of water is increased by 4.96%. The temperature at

1566-473: The Mariana Islands ; it is the deepest oceanic trench on Earth. It is crescent-shaped and measures about 2,550 km (1,580 mi) in length and 69 km (43 mi) in width. The maximum known depth is 10,984 ± 25 metres (36,037 ± 82 ft; 6,006 ± 14 fathoms; 6.825 ± 0.016 mi) at the southern end of a small slot-shaped valley in its floor known as

1624-531: The boundary between two tectonic plates . In this system, the western edge of one plate, the Pacific plate , is subducted (i.e., thrust) beneath the smaller Mariana plate that lies to the west. Crustal material at the western edge of the Pacific plate is some of the oldest oceanic crust on Earth (up to 170 million years old), and is, therefore, cooler and denser; hence its great height difference relative to

1682-407: The water density from sea surface to seabed. This was followed by the uncrewed ROVs Kaikō in 1996 and Nereus in 2009. The first three expeditions directly measured very similar depths of 10,902 to 10,916 m (35,768 to 35,814 ft; 5,961 to 5,969 fathoms). The fourth was made by Canadian film director James Cameron on 26 March 2012. He reached the bottom of the Mariana Trench in

1740-569: The Challenger Deep was possible by its Simrad EM120 sonar multibeam bathymetry system for deep water. The sonar system uses phase and amplitude bottom detection, with an accuracy of better than 0.2% of water depth across the entire swath (implying that the depth figure is accurate to ± 22 metres (72 ft; 12 fathoms)). In 2011, it was announced at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting that

1798-583: The Omega Seamaster Professional Diver 300M Quartz 2541.80.00. In the proceeding films starring Pierce Brosnan as the titular character, James Bond wore an Omega Seamaster Professional Diver 300M Chronometer 2531.80.00. Before 1995, actors portraying James Bond had usually worn the Rolex Submariner . Costume designer Lindy Hemming was primarily responsible for the switch to the Omega Diver 300M. She recognized

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1856-502: The Omega Seamaster has evolved to a robust sports watch line, typically with a stainless steel case, robust water resistance , and an official chronometer -certified movement within. The Diver Professional 300m is most famous for its "train-track" five link steel bracelet, its helium release valve at the 10:00 position, the wave pattern dial on certain model generations, and the skeletonized handset. The current model range

1914-580: The below Heritage Models: Seamaster 300: Seamaster Railmaster: Seamaster Ploprof 1200m: Seamaster Bullhead Seamaster 1948: The Seamaster is the longest-running product line still produced by Omega. It was introduced in 1948, and was based upon designs made for the British Royal Navy towards the end of World War II . The original Seamaster's key feature was an O-ring gasket used to provide its waterproof seal. This design had been developed for use in submarines during

1972-416: The bottom at 1:06 pm on 23 January 1960, with Don Walsh and Jacques Piccard on board. Iron shot was used for ballast , with gasoline for buoyancy . The onboard systems indicated a depth of 37,800 feet (11,521 m; 6,300 fathoms), but this was later revised to 35,814 feet (10,916 m; 5,969 fathoms). The depth was estimated from a conversion of pressure measured and calculations based on

2030-531: The bottom is 1 to 4 °C (34 to 39 °F). In 2009, the Mariana Trench was established as a US National Monument , Mariana Trench Marine National Monument . One-celled organisms called monothalamea have been found in the trench at a record depth of 10.6 km (35,000 ft; 6.6 mi) below the sea surface by researchers from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography . Data has also suggested that microbial life forms thrive within

2088-470: The calibre 930 is now a very desirable watch and highly sought after by collectors because of its relatively short lived life span (produced for one year only in 1969) and interesting case design and dial configuration. The watch was reintroduced in to the Omega range in 2014 utilizing a new coaxial chronometer movement but remaining true to the original design. Omega Seamaster The Omega Seamaster

2146-510: The class of monothalamea , were observed. Monothalamea are noteworthy for their size, their extreme abundance on the seafloor, and their role as hosts for a variety of organisms. In December 2014, a new species of snailfish was discovered at a depth of 8,145 m (26,722 ft; 4,454 fathoms), breaking the previous record for the deepest living fish seen on video. During the 2014 expedition, several new species were filmed, including huge amphipods known as supergiants. Deep-sea gigantism

2204-448: The co-axial escapement, the impulse is done with a push to the jewels rather than a sliding fashion. In this design, the work is divided between two major wheels of the escapement. Daniels brought his desire to industrialize his escapement to many Swiss manufacturers, which he was ultimately denied. In 1999, Omega took on Daniels design with the insight of Nicolas Hayek who saw Omega as a brand of innovation and creativity that would rise to

2262-481: The deepest area of the Mariana Trench and made the deepest diving record of 10,911 m (35,797 ft; 5,966 fathoms) on 24 March 1995. During surveys carried out between 1997 and 2001, a spot was found along the Mariana Trench that had a depth similar to the Challenger Deep, possibly even deeper. It was discovered while scientists from the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology were completing

2320-699: The first person to dive into Challenger Deep more than once. On 8 May 2020, a joint project between the Russian shipbuilders, scientific teams of the Russian Academy of Sciences with the support of the Russian Foundation for Advanced Research Projects and the Pacific Fleet submerged the autonomous underwater vehicle Vityaz-D to the bottom of the Mariana Trench at a depth of 10,028 m (32,900 ft; 5,483 fathoms). Vityaz-D

2378-421: The high pressure, large creatures living at the bottom, such as a flatfish about 30 cm (12 in) long, and shrimp . According to Piccard, "The bottom appeared light and clear, a waste of firm diatomaceous ooze". Many marine biologists are now skeptical of the supposed sighting of the flatfish, and it is suggested that the creature may instead have been a sea cucumber . During the second expedition,

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2436-431: The higher-riding (and younger) Mariana plate. The deepest area at the plate boundary is the Mariana Trench proper. The movement of the Pacific and Mariana plates is also indirectly responsible for the formation of the Mariana Islands . These volcanic islands are caused by flux melting of the upper mantle due to the release of water that is trapped in minerals of the subducted portion of the Pacific plate . The trench

2494-527: The history of the Omega Seamaster watch in the British military (notably the Special Boat Service , synonymous with the character of Bond) which furthered her decision. Omega released a second James Bond limited edition watch in 2006. This was a Seamaster Planet Ocean model with a limited production of 5007 units. The model is similar to what Craig wears earlier on in the film; however, it has

2552-422: The mainstay in the industry, has the capability to be strong on energy conservation but needs considerable lubrication between the impulse pallet and the escape wheel teeth due to sliding friction. This causes considerable wear on the lubrication over time and may cause wear on the pallet or escape wheel. Because of this, regular service (4–5 years) is recommended to clean, lubricate, and possibly replace parts. With

2610-518: The majority of watches in for service from 4+ years are primarily suffering accuracy issues due to magnetized movements. Many Swiss watch institutions have made additional efforts to alleviate the problem of magnetization. Some of the technology and practices include iron cages around the movement, silicon hairspring (Omega) (spring in the balance wheel of the escapement), Parachrom hairsprings ( Rolex ), induction of plastic parts, and using non-magnetic metals. Only until recently has any watchmaker made

2668-479: The mission's success, the researchers announced plans to deploy a second hydrophone in 2017 for an extended period of time. Victor Vescovo achieved a new record descent to 10,928 m (35,853 ft; 5,976 fathoms) on 28 April 2019 using the DSV Limiting Factor , a Triton 36000/2 model manufactured by Florida-based Triton Submarines . He dived four times between 28 April and 5 May 2019, becoming

2726-617: The nuclear waste deep into the Earth's mantle , the second layer of the Earth. In 1979 Japan planned to dump low-level nuclear wastes near Maug, in the Northern Marianas. However, ocean dumping of nuclear waste is prohibited by international law. Furthermore, plate subduction zones are associated with very large megathrust earthquakes , the effects of which are unpredictable for the safety of long-term disposal of nuclear wastes within

2784-400: The researchers found extremely elevated concentrations of PCBs , a chemical toxin banned in the 1970s for its environmental harm, concentrated at all depths within the sediment of the trench. Further research has found that amphipods also ingest microplastics , with 100% of amphipods having at least one piece of synthetic material in their stomachs. In 2019, Victor Vescovo reported finding

2842-540: The submersible vessel Deepsea Challenger , diving to a depth of 10,908 m (35,787 ft; 5,965 fathoms). In July 2015, members of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Oregon State University, and the Coast Guard submerged a hydrophone into the deepest part of the Mariana Trench, the Challenger Deep, never having previously deployed one past a mile. The titanium-shelled hydrophone

2900-532: The top of the Swiss horological spectrum with the production of the co-axial escapement. He was right and Omega is one of the largest Swiss manufacturers and the second largest producer of COSC Officially Certified Chronometers, next to Rolex, with Breitling being third, with every one of their movements COSC chronometers. The first co-axial movement to be brought to the public was the Omega cal. 2500, with different variations being listed as A, B, C, and D. This movement

2958-528: The trench. The Mariana Trench is named after the nearby Mariana Islands , which are named Las Marianas in honor of Spanish Queen Mariana of Austria . The islands are part of the island arc that is formed on an over-riding plate, called the Mariana plate (also named for the islands), on the western side of the trench. The Mariana Trench is part of the Izu–Bonin–Mariana subduction system that forms

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3016-434: The uncrewed vehicle Kaikō collected mud samples from the seabed . Tiny organisms were found to be living in those samples. In July 2011, a research expedition deployed untethered landers, called drop cams, equipped with digital video cameras and lights to explore this deep-sea region. Among many other living organisms, some gigantic single-celled foraminiferans with a size of more than 10 cm (4 in), belonging to

3074-507: The war and turned out to also be useful for watches, where it made them much less vulnerable to temperature and pressure changes than earlier lead- or shellac) based gasket designs. The Omega Seamaster first made a diving record in 1955, when diver Gordon McLean reached a depth of 62.5 metres (205 ft) in Australia. The Omega Seamaster watches have been associated with the James Bond movies since GoldenEye , where Pierce Brosnan wore

3132-401: Was built from the Omega "in-family" cal. 1120 (finished chronometer grade ETA 2892-A with two extra jewels) A, B, and C are similar two-tier co-axial movements, but C is the first version to solve certain problems prevalent in A and B. For example, the vibrations per hour were originally 28,800 (standard for most Swiss watches with Swiss Lever Escapements) but later lowered to 25,200 (7 vs 8 beats

3190-425: Was designed to withstand the immense pressure 7 miles (37,000 ft; 6,200 fathoms; 11,000 m) under. Although researchers were unable to retrieve the hydrophone until November, the data capacity was full within the first 23 days. After months of analyzing the sounds, the experts were surprised to pick up natural sounds like earthquakes , typhoons , baleen whales , and machine-made sounds such as boats. Due to

3248-540: Was first sounded during the Challenger expedition in 1875 using a weighted rope, which recorded a depth of 4,475 fathoms (8,184 metres; 26,850 feet). In 1877, a map was published called Tiefenkarte des Grossen Ozeans ("Depth map of the Great Ocean") by Petermann, which showed a Challenger Tief ("Challenger deep") at the location of that sounding. In 1899, USS  Nero , a converted collier , recorded

3306-457: Was marketed as a dress chronograph with silver, black or gold dial configurations. The winding crown was located at the traditional three o’clock position with over and under chronograph pushers. 2) The Omega Seamaster Bullhead calibre 930 with over and under chronograph function in stainless steel . The watch marketed as a sports / drivers watch as part of the chronostop range and featured and internal rotating bezel which could be adjusted through

3364-568: Was worn by James Bond in six movies, the Planet Ocean and Aqua Terra in three, in addition to sporting a limited edition Omega Seamaster 300 (not to be confused with the Professional Diver 300M) Master Co-Axial in Spectre . The Seamaster Professional Diver 300M that appears from GoldenEye to Casino Royale is made of stainless steel on a stainless steel bracelet, fitted with a blue dial, unidirectional rotating bezel with blue ring and

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