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34-489: The One Ton Cup regattas were at the beginning of races between one-tonner sailing dinghies , according to the 1899 Godinet rule . This Coupe internationale du Cercle de la voile de Paris , its original name, was raced from 1907 until 1962 on boats that measured the International gaff-rigged 6 Metre rule, except for four years, from 1920 to 1923, where it was raced on 6.5m SI . In 1965, after three years vacant,

68-887: A one-design boat designed by Bruce Farr . In 2016 the Cup was allocated to the FAST40+ Class for a regatta to be sailed in the Solent from September 16 to 18. Mr Mantois, vice-president of the Cercle de la voile de Paris, announced the creation of the International One Ton Cup on 11 October 1898. It had to be raced on the Seine River at Meulan, home of the CVP or in Cowes if owned by a foreigner. The yachts had to have

102-711: A scantling as light as possible, the balance being ensured by the crew. These yachts were also present at the 1900 Olympic Games , in the 0.5 to 1 tonner class. The first Cup took place from 2 May 1899 in Meulan. The English competitor Vectis was beaten by the French yacht Bélouga steered by Eugène Laverne during the three timed rounds. Bélouga had the advantage of knowing the river and had been capped among nine French one-tonners specifically built for this event. In 1900, Scotia 1 , designed by Linton Hope faced Sidi-Fekkar steered and designed by Eugène Laverne. Sidi-Fekkar won

136-543: A longitudinal I-beam , often in the form of a Vierendeel truss , sometimes reinforced by diagonal members, but originally in the form of stressed panels perforated by panel-lightening "opera windows", either oval-shaped (seen above) or egg-shaped. These flatcars must be loaded symmetrically , with half of the payload on one side of the centerbeam and half on the other, to avoid tipping over. Heavy capacity flatcars are cars designed to carry more than 100 short tons (90.72  t ; 89.29 long tons ). They often have more than

170-712: A pair (or rarely, more) of bogies under each end. The deck of the car can be wood or steel , and the sides of the deck can include pockets for stakes or tie-down points to secure loads. Flatcars designed for carrying machinery have sliding chain assemblies recessed in the deck. Flatcars are used for loads that are too large or cumbersome to load in enclosed cars such as boxcars . They are also often used to transport intermodal containers ( shipping containers ) or trailers as part of intermodal freight transport shipping. Aircraft parts were hauled via conventional freight cars beginning in World War II . However, given

204-667: A particular area or boat type, but are often held just for the joy of competition, camaraderie , and general promotion of the sport. One of the largest and most popular rowing regattas is the Henley Royal Regatta held on the River Thames , England. One of the largest and oldest yachting regattas in the world is Cowes Week , which is held annually by the Royal Yacht Squadron in Cowes , England, and usually attracts over 900 sailing boats. Cowes Week

238-459: A single one design class and usually last more than one day. Regattas may be hosted by a yacht club , sailing association, town or school as in the case of the UK's National School Sailing Association and Interscholastic Sailing Association (high school) regattas or Intercollegiate Sailing Association (college) regattas. The Barcolana regatta of the yacht club Società Velica di Barcola e Grignano

272-575: A tonnage certificate of one ton at the most according to the Godinet rule of 1892. The cup was designed in 1897 by the jeweller Robert Linzeler and was made by Bratiau in 1898. It is made of planished solid silver and weighs 10 kilos. The lot is 58 centimetres wide (81 with the handles) and 57 centimetres high. Placed on an ebony plinth, it is considered as a masterpiece of Art nouveau style. These one-tonners are dinghies measuring up to 7 metres, capable of planing in certain conditions and built with

306-655: A train puts it at a speed restriction to go no more than 50 mph (80 km/h). Since bulkheads are lightweight when empty, hunting can occur when the car is above 50 mph (80 km/h). Hunting is the wobbling movement of the trucks on a freight car or a locomotive. If the wheels hunt against the rails for a period of time, there is a high risk of a derailment . Centerbeam flatcars, centerbeams, center partition railcar, or "lumber racks" are specialty cars designed for carrying bundled building supplies such as dimensional lumber , wallboard , and fence posts. They are essentially bulkhead flatcars that have been reinforced by

340-874: Is a modern method of conveyance for circus troupes. One of the larger users of circus trains was the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus (RBBX), a famous American circus formed when the Ringling Brothers Circus purchased the Barnum and Bailey Circus in 1907, merged in 1919, and closed permanently as a merged company in May 2017. Some companies, such as CSX Transportation , have former wood-carrying flatcars rebuilt into platforms which mount remote control equipment for use in operating locomotives. Such platforms are fitted with appropriate headlights, horns , and air brake appliances to operate in

374-476: Is a series of boat races. The term comes from the Venetian language , with regata meaning "contest, contention for mastery"(from regatare ("compete, haggle, sell at retail"), possibly from recatare ) and typically describes racing events of rowed or sailed water craft, although some powerboat race series are also called regattas. A regatta often includes social and promotional activities which surround

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408-804: Is currently the Guinness world record holder as the "largest sailing race" with 2,689 boats and over 16,000 sailors at the starting line. Currently, The Three Bridge Fiasco, conducted by the Singlehanded Sailing Society of San Francisco Bay with more than 350 competitors is the largest sailboat race in the United States. Flatcar A flatcar (US) (also flat car , or flatbed ) is a piece of rolling stock that consists of an open, flat deck mounted on trucks (US) or bogies (UK) at each end. Occasionally, flat cars designed to carry extra heavy or extra large loads are mounted on

442-608: Is predated by the Cumberland Cup (1775), Port of Dartmouth Royal Regatta (1822) and Port of Plymouth Regatta (1823). North America 's oldest regatta is the Royal St. John's Regatta held on Quidi Vidi Lake in St. John's, Newfoundland every year since 1818. There exist other traditional and centuries old boat races like Vallam kali of Kerala, India and Dragon Boat Race from China. Sailing race events are typically held for

476-700: Is the 50-foot (15.24 m) car (which usually carries one large container as a load); these are actually re-built old boxcars . Common reporting marks are FEC, CP, SOO and KTTX. The ATTX cars, which feature non-sparking grips and sides, are built for hauling dangerous goods (ammunition, flammable fluids, etc.). A spine car is a car with only center and side sills and lateral arms to support intermodal containers . A Trailer-on-flat-car , or piggy-back car allows two 28.5-foot (8.69 m) trailer pups or one semi-trailer up to 57 feet (17.37 m) to be carried. Like well cars, these usually come in articulated sets of five or three. A longer TOFC (trailer on flat car)

510-514: Is usually an 89 ft (27.13 m) car. In the past, these carried three 30 ft (9.14 m) trailers which are, as of 2007, almost obsolete, or one large, 53 ft (16.15 m), two 40-foot (12.19 m) or 45-foot (13.72 m) trailers. As intermodal traffic grows, these dedicated flats are in decline. Most have been modified to also carry containers as well. One notable type is Canadian Pacific Railway's XTRX service—dedicated five-unit flats that only carry trailers . Similar to

544-422: Is usually the lightest car available) is used as a bridge between the locomotive on the dock and the cars on the ferry or barge. Idler flatcars are also used in oversize freight service, as loads such as pipe often overhang the ends of most standard-sized flatcars. Empty flatcars will be placed on both ends of the loaded car. This protects the cargo ends from damage and ensures that the loads don't bind and damage

578-477: The Boeing Renton Factory for final assembly. Bulkhead flatcars are designed with sturdy end-walls ( bulkheads ) to prevent loads from shifting past the ends of the car. Loads typically carried are pipe , steel slabs , utility poles and lumber , though lumber and utility poles are increasingly being hauled by skeleton cars. Bulkheads are typically lightweight when empty. An empty bulkhead on

612-718: The One-tonners although this designation did not correspond any longer to any rule of that period. In 1971 the IOR rule ( International Offshore Rule ), result of the merger between the RORC rule and the CCA ( Cruising Club of America ) American rule, came into force for the races on the open sea9,6. The One-Tonners switched to IOR 27.5 feet. Syd Fischer skipper of Stormy Petrel won the 1971 One Ton Cup in New Zealand (the first race under

646-455: The strike plates ). With the rise of intermodal-freight-transport – specific cars , and given the age of most of these flats, numbers will decline over the next several years. Indeed, when the first well cars appeared, allowing double stacking, many container flats were re-built as autoracks . The few "new build" container flats are identifiable by their lack of decking, welded steel frame, and standard 89-foot (27.13 m) length. One variant

680-522: The CVP in 1901, steered by Eugène Laverne was beaten, as well as the Italian yacht Dai-Dai . In 1902, Scotia III won in three rounds against August steered by Valton, member of the CVP, still for the SVYC. France won the Cup back in 1903 with Chocolat , Auguste Godinet’s plan, at the origin of the 1892 rule. Valton, Méran and Arthus won against the defender Iris . In 1906, after two years without challenge,

714-630: The CVP’s request. The 6.50m of the French rule known as « Chemin de fer » rule, adopted in Continental Europe since the yachts could be carried on standard flat wagons , favoured the number of challengers. The English defender 6.50m Cordella won the Cup four times. It was a plan by Morgan Giles that was opposed among others to Oranje , gold medal for the Netherlands in 6.50m at the 1920 Olympics . The 6 Metre series, back in 1924,

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748-654: The Cup at the end of the decisive fifth round. But Scotia won the gold medal at the Olympics. Scotia 2 from the Sea View Yacht-Club won the Cup in England in 1901. One of the reasons of the French failure was the switch in 1901 from the 1892 rule to the Méran formula; the one-tonner Sidi-Fekkar weighed close to two tons according to this 1901 rule and had to be changed3. Sequana , the defender yacht chosen by

782-718: The IOR rules), being the only Australian yacht and last Sparkman & Stephens design to win the cup. In November 1983 the ORC (Offshore Racing Council, renamed Offshore Racing Congress in 2005) decided to bring the IOR rule of the One-Tonners up to 30.5, the smallest size for yachts accepted for the Admiral's Cup . The first One Ton Cup with that rule was contested by 24 yachts in 1984. Philippe Briand, architect and skipper of Passion 2 won in La Rochelle 11, France. In 1999

816-596: The One Ton Cup was transformed into a scope suitable for ocean racing on the initiative of Jean Peytel, member of the CVP, following the activity slowdown of the 6m JI class. The One Ton Cup was then raced according to the RORC rule on 22 feet boats, and on IOR rule on 27.5 feet boats from 1971, followed by IOR rule 30.5 feet in 1984. In 1999, the One Ton Cup was allotted to the Corel 45 class world championship, renamed IC 45,

850-683: The ever-increasing size of aircraft assemblies, the "Sky Box" method of shipping parts was developed in the late 1960s specifically to transport parts for the Boeing 747 and other "jumbo" jets of the time. The "Sky Box" consists of a two-piece metal shell that is placed atop a standard flatcar to support and protect wing and tail assemblies and fuselage sections in transit (originally, depressed-center or "fish belly" cars were utilized). Boeing 737 aircraft fuselages constructed by Spirit Aerosystems in Wichita, Kansas are hauled as special loads to

884-654: The last Cup played on a French rule one-tonner was won by Feu Follet with Louis Potheau of the CVP in front of N.R.V. from Hamburg . From 1907 the CVP decided to have this One Ton Cup contested in international 6-metre yachts, a brand-new rule ratified by the representatives of the European Nautical Authorities during the London congress in 1906. They were not 6 to 7-metre dinghies anymore but keelboats of about eleven metres hull length that confronted each other during regattas that continued to bear

918-425: The leading position on a cut of cars (i.e. coupled ahead of the locomotive). COFC (container on flat car) cars are typically 89 feet (27.13 m) long and carry four 20-foot (6.10 m) intermodal containers or two 40-foot (12.19 m)/45-foot (13.72 m) shipping containers (the two 45-foot or 13.72-metre containers are carryable due to the fact that the car is actually 92 ft or 28.04 m long, over

952-515: The magazine wrote that "Handicaps are out and the popularity of the series has exceeded all expectations, even in this its first year." The first One Ton Cup in racing-cruising yachts was raced off Le Havre in 1965 by fourteen yachts. The winner was the Danish yacht Diana III . The real-time racing formula, including a race on the open sea and two coastal regattas, was so successful that yachts were specifically designed for that event. They were named

986-634: The name of one-tonners cup or One Ton Cup. Onkel Adolf for Germany won the first Cup on 6 Metre in 1907. In 1913, the 6 Metre Cremona of the Royal Thames Yacht Club won the last Cup before the First World War . After an interlude of four Cups contested in 6.5m SI , the CVP decided in 1923 to come back to international 6 Metre, at the British challengers’ request5. From 1920 to 1923 four cups were contested in 6.5m SI at

1020-406: The racing event, and except in the case of boat type (or "class") championships, is usually named for the town or venue where the event takes place; for example “valley field”. Although regattas are typically amateur competitions, they are usually formally structured events, with comprehensive rules describing the schedule and procedures of the event. Regattas may be organized as championships for

1054-470: The spine car except that it is designed to carry lumber or utility poles , a skeleton car is composed of a center sill and lateral arms only. No deck, sometimes no side sills and sometimes no end sills. The arms can include pockets for Side stakes or tie-down points to secure loads. In some marine services, the linkspan between a ferry or barge and its dock is very weak. In order to avoid loss of cargo or heavy locomotives, an old flatcar (which

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1088-410: The typical North American standard of four axles (one two-axle truck at each end), and may have a depressed center to handle excess-height loads as well as two trucks of three axles each (one at each end) or four trucks (two at each end) of two axles each, connected by span bolsters . Loads typically handled include electrical power equipment and large industrial production machinery. A circus train

1122-489: The world championship of the Corel 45 series (IC 45, Farr 45) was attributed to the One Ton Cup. The first Cup was won by Bertrand Pacé . Regatta Boat racing is a sport in which boats , or other types of watercraft , race on water . Boat racing powered by oars is recorded as having occurred in ancient Egypt , and it is likely that people have engaged in races involving boats and other water-borne craft for as long as such watercraft have existed. A regatta

1156-700: Was in decline after 1945. At the beginning of the 1960s, Jean Peytel, member of the Cercle de la voile de Paris suggested to revive the CVP International Cup in RORC rule 22 feet maximum yacht. The boats were baptized as the One Ton class . Yachting World magazine documented the excitement this caused amongst sailors: "Seldom can a trophy have created so much interest before a single race has been sailed" in January 1965, and in September of that year

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