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148-721: One United Nations Plaza is a mixed-use building in Turtle Bay, Manhattan that was designed for the United Nations by Kevin Roche & John Dinkeloo . One UN Plaza is a mixed-use building in Turtle Bay, Manhattan that was designed for the United Nations by Kevin Roche and John Dinkeloo . One UN Plaza is located across First Avenue from the UN headquarters in Midtown Manhattan of New York City . One UN Plaza

296-529: A "slant-out" or chamfer . The slant-out angles up to the 12th floor, below which the corner of the building appears to have been sliced off. Also, it is no coincidence that the slant-out occurs at exactly the same height as the Church Center for the UN : the 12-story building directly across the street on 44th Street. Roche's attention to the building's surroundings rationalized the logical aesthetic look to "deflect one's attention across 44th Street and to

444-721: A 20-story office building at the northern end of the UN headquarters, where a row of Japanese trees existed, was tabled in favor of the proposal by the East River-Turtle Bay Fund of a building/hotel/office-complex on the U-shaped parcel of land just south of the UN's Headquarters. Although the exact site for the proposed building/hotel/office-complex was not chosen, projects like this one where buildings were constructed on platforms over existing structures had already been done in New York City. Robert Ashley, who

592-548: A 292-room hotel on the top thirteen floors. At 505 feet in height, the building is three feet shorter than the UN Secretariat, in line with zoning restrictions for the district. It is the first building in New York City to be both an office building and a hotel. The builder for One UN Plaza was the Turner Construction Company. One UN Plaza was formally opened on November 20, 1975, after undergoing

740-548: A 9-member board was formed with jointly- appointed members by Rockefeller and Mayor Lindsay, called the United Nations Development Corporation or UNDC. The approval of the first proposal led to the formation of the UNDC. The UNDC was given powers to assemble land and "issue tax-free bonds to create an overall plan and development scheme for the UN expansion project." Since the UNDC was created by

888-505: A bluish cast that wrap around the steel frame of One United Nations Plaza. "The glass covers everything like a great shining blanket, and its pattern offers no hint as to the goings‐on inside," according to Goldberger. The arrangement of the windows differed depending where you were, either on the upper or lower stories. A skirt of flowing glass produces an overhand surrounding the entire building's sidewalks of similar-sized and similar-appearing blue-green glass, or porte-cochere . Kevin Roche

1036-760: A civic group be formed and to take charge of developing the land for the United Nation's use.This took place under the auspices of an organization initially known as the East River-Turtle Bay Fund, named for the area of land adjacent to both the East River and that section of Manhattan where the United Nations Secretariat Building in Turtle Bay. A few months later it was renamed the Fund for Area Planning and Development. After

1184-502: A compelling and representative landmark for architecture and democracy". Although the mission's building was designed before the September 11 attacks , security concerns were prioritized in the building's design due to the earlier 1998 United States embassy bombings and USS Cole bombing . The United States post-9/11 era only amplified those concerns. For example, the building was built with 30-inch (760 mm) thick walls and

1332-400: A concourse running from 41st to 47th Street, thereby allowing pedestrians, even from Tudor City (just to the south, which will not be affected by the proposal) or tourists to walk the distance without crossing any street and alleviating the traffic congestion. The design, however, would close off Forty-Fourth Street and put First Avenue underground to make space for the gardens that would connect

1480-503: A dramatic twin-tower complex encompassing the land from 43rd Street to 45th Street, from First to Second Avenue, thereby eliminating 44th Street. UNDC called for the creation of a superblock, or a self-contained enclave bounded by First and Second Avenue, Forty-third and Forty-fifth Streets. The superblock would need to remove the existing landmark twin Beaux-Arts Apartments at 307 and 310 East Forty-fourth Street, except for

1628-482: A few more years for the glass curtain wall to evolve. Masonry continued to play a major role until after World War II, although glass had begun to make major inroads in such buildings as the Starrett–Lehigh Building on the block bounded by West 26th and 27th Streets and 11th and 12th Avenues in New York City. But the first massive all-glass‐wall effect was first achieved in 1950 at the U. N. Secretariat. After

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1776-550: A few that are upfront. New York is itself a sacrificial facade: it can absorb and even benefit from aesthetic shocks. Conversely, the New York Magazine ' s equivalent critic Justin Davidson criticized the building's "stark, medieval look", adding that "Gwathmey's bunker may function perfectly [if attacked], but as an icon of democracy, it can only fail." The building replaced a 1960s Modernist building with

1924-605: A formula that never failed him, approaching the problem as a kind of "situation, which in military parlance refers to the analysis and gathering of as much information as possible pertaining to decision-making. Roche researched the requirements set forth by the UN, and using his customary analysis, he estimated that by "1976 the UN would need an additional 8,875 million square feet of space for staff, transient housing, as well as staff for related office use for member states and trade organizations." But this meant tearing down 6 million square feet of "existing urban fabric." Roche's first plan

2072-511: A haven for waterfront thieves such as the Rag Gang , during the late 19th century. From 1927 to 1932, the 2,800-unit Tudor City was built on this site, which was in 1988 named a historic district . The clearing of the slaughterhouses for the construction of the UN headquarters in 1948, largely completed by 1952, and the removal of the elevated trains opened the neighborhood up for high-rise office buildings and condominiums. Concurrent with

2220-536: A hockey/ice skating rink, and bocci courts. The park would be directly accessed from the UN. Also added to the proposal was the UN's International School, from the present location of a loft and an old, leased building, to a site on First Avenue between 38th and 39th Streets. In January 1969, Rockefeller's promised UN expansion project was slowing coming to fruition. As part of the previous bill passed in June 1968 in Albany,

2368-544: A joint venture between New York City and New York State as overseers to the United Nations and the responsibility to that organization. Mayor John Lindsay of New York City and Governor Nelson D. Rockefeller of New York State jointly announced the plan for the UN expansion. As Mayor Lindsay had explained, he believed the City of New York had an inherent responsibility as host city for the United Nations. At that time,

2516-414: A larger neighborhood tabulation area called Turtle Bay-East Midtown. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census , the population of Turtle Bay-East Midtown was 51,231, a change of 1,494 (2.9%) from the 49,737 counted in 2000 . Covering an area of 410.95 acres (166.31 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 124.7 inhabitants per acre (79,800/sq mi; 30,800/km ). The racial makeup of

2664-469: A new building, which then needs approval from the at-the-time Board of Estimate , all as important as the mayor's approval, the governor of New York State and New York State's legislature. But it wasn't until 1946 – after World War II – that a six-square city block and the slaughterhouse area were razed. Then the Third Avenue el train closed in 1955, which was the last of Manhattan's el trains , and

2812-613: A pair of artists' residential apartments across the street from each other at 307 and 310 East 44th Street, are city landmarks. The Panhellenic Tower apartment hotel near First Avenue and 49th Street is also a city landmark. A portion of the Tudor City Historic District, a city and NRHP district, extends into Turtle Bay. Individual houses designated as city landmarks include the Paul Rudolph Penthouse and Apartments at 23 Beekman Place;

2960-663: A pattern that denied any sense of the building's true scale." There are 4'7"-by-2' 71⁄2" rectangles of reflective double-glazed windows and panels similar to those of the sheathing used at the Lehman Pavilion of the Metropolitan Museum in New York. These metallized double-glazed green-tinted panels are laid horizontally, and are not related to the floor space behind them, but divide the typical vertical unit into four, equally-sized panels. The glass panels give off

3108-785: A policy of not holding hearings for temporary or part-time positions, including General Assembly representatives. Instead, both the HFAC and SFRC have annually provided the President with their choices, who are then nominated by the President and confirmed by the vote of the full Senate. The current Congressional Representatives to the Seventy-sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly are Congresswoman Barbara Lee (D-CA) and Congressman French Hill (R-AR) The Ronald H. Brown United States Mission to

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3256-717: A school chartered by the UN. Thus, the "Turtle Bay" area of land — from 42nd to 46th Streets, from the East River to 2nd Avenue — was destined to become the "Capital of the World". Zeckendorf would later develop Roosevelt Field Shopping Center in the center of Nassau County , which is today still the largest shopping mall on Long Island . The exit M2 off of the Meadowbrook State Parkway in East Garden City and Uniondale, Long Island continues as Zeckendorf Boulevard in his honor. The boulevard serves as

3404-430: A sculptured form, and by using reflective surfaces to delineate the form: dark, medium, light. When asked about deviating from the traditional and his design's modern look, Roche insisted that "any building is still crafted from traditional methods and is the same, whether it is traditional or modern." Plaza One has a glass skin with some solid wall behind it. Roche Dinkeloo had already opened a "new chapter as they pioneered

3552-624: A spark for the proposal to be built. The Carnegie Foundation, the City Planning Commission of New York City, and the United States Mission to the United Nations joined the Rockefeller Brothers and Ford Foundations to ensure that the sale of Consolidated Edison's office building on the proposed site would go ahead. After hearing of the grand scheme on the U-shaped lot, U Thant's initial proposal for

3700-476: A tumultuous planning period which spanned almost a decade and two New York City mayoral administrations . The building was the newest addition to the United Nations, located to the east across the street on First Avenue. One UN Plaza was designed and built between 1968 and 1975 for the UNDC. It was referred to by KRJDA as project number 6904, and Phase I of the UNDCs UN enclave with 590,000 square footage. Unlike

3848-487: Is 0.0102 milligrams per cubic metre (1.02 × 10  oz/cu ft), more than the city average. Twelve percent of Turtle Bay and Stuyvesant Town residents are smokers , which is less than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers. In Turtle Bay and Stuyvesant Town, 10% of residents are obese , 5% are diabetic , and 18% have high blood pressure —compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively. In addition, 7% of children are obese, compared to

3996-648: Is attributed to the precincts' high number of property crimes. As of 2018 , with a non-fatal assault rate of 35 per 100,000 people, Turtle Bay and Stuyvesant Town's rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 180 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole. The 17th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 80.7% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported no murders, 13 rapes, 63 robberies, 91 felony assaults, 80 burglaries, 748 grand larcenies, and 26 grand larcenies auto in 2018. Turtle Bay

4144-512: Is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are adults: a plurality (45%) are between the ages of 25–44, while 22% are between 45–64, and 13% are 65 or older. The ratio of youth and college-aged residents was lower, at 7% and 12% respectively. As of 2017, the median household income in Community District 6 was $ 112,383, though the median income in Turtle Bay individually

4292-590: Is inherently aggressive. Space is invariably gained at the expense of views, sky, memories, history, emptiness and the desires of those outside the walls. In renderings, the mission's window-washing apparatus resembles heavy artillery. This equipment won't be visible from the street, but the rendering may give some viewers a fleeting perception that high rises throughout history have performed the role of strategic defense, even when they're made of glass. With so much space in this town dedicated to buildings that don't even tell entertaining lies about themselves, there's room for

4440-459: Is registered with the City of New York as "783–793 First Avenue and 335–343 East 44th Street, and 323–333 East 44th Street and 322–334 East 45th Street". They are landmark status buildings , known as Landmark Site of the Borough of Manhattan, Tax Map Block 1337, Lots 14 and 7502." Both were built in modern architectural design. One UN Plaza is located on the east side of Midtown Manhattan along

4588-576: Is served by the New York City Fire Department (FDNY)'s Engine Company 8/Ladder Company 2/Battalion 8, located at 165 East 51st Street. As of 2018 , preterm births and births to teenage mothers in Turtle Bay and Stuyvesant Town are lower than the city average. In Turtle Bay and Stuyvesant Town, there were 78 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 1.5 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide), though

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4736-604: Is situated on the north side of 44th Street. The United Nations Development Corporation or UNDC is a quasi-public institution which developed and presently operates One UN Plaza. UNDC operates and maintains the office space at One UN Plaza. The hotel, which today occupies both One and Two UN Plaza, is operated by the Millennium Hotel Group and is known as the Millennium Hilton New York One UN Plaza . The hotel/office complex

4884-485: Is the "simple old trade-off; cut corners where they don't show, and save the quality materials for visual impact." Construction costs were kept down by staying up with the materials market to know when and where to buy steel— by using the Wall Street Journal. As a result, Roche-Dinkeloo was able to pre-purchase steel at that time, for the "unheard of" price of $ 485 per ton, even though the steel arrived before

5032-422: Is the center of the hub. "Here are most of the elements one expects to find in a city core: the major railroad and bus stations, the vast majority of hotel rooms, the biggest stores, the main public library and post office. All are located in Turtle Bay." Roche-Dinkeloo planned One United Nations Plaza as a modern art building. It has a 505-foot-tall slab and 360,000 feet of office space on the first 26 floors and

5180-551: The Bellevue Hospital Center and NYU Langone Medical Center are located in Kips Bay . Turtle Bay is located in two primary ZIP Codes . The area south of 49th Street is part of 10017 and the area north of 49th Street is part of 10022. The United States Postal Service operates two post offices near Turtle Bay: Turtle Bay and Stuyvesant Town generally have a higher rate of college-educated residents than

5328-469: The Chrysler Building . The Tudor City apartment complex is next to the southeast corner of Turtle Bay. Turtle Bay is named after a former cove of the East River. The neighborhood was originally settled as a Dutch farm in the 17th century, and was subsequently developed with tenements, power plants, and slaughterhouses in the 19th century. These industrial structures were largely demolished in

5476-480: The Dutch colonial governor of New Amsterdam in 1639 and named "Turtle Bay Farm". The farm extended roughly from what is now 40th to 49th Streets and from Third Avenue to the river. By 1712, "Turtle Bay" was frequently used in property documents for the area. On a knoll overlooking the cove, near 41st Street, the farmhouse was purchased as a summer retreat by Francis Bayard, and in the early 19th century remained

5624-513: The East River , in an area known as Turtle Bay . One UN Plaza is adjacent to one of the most important buildings in the world: the United Nations. The group of One, Two, and Three UN Plaza buildings are in the most important part of Manhattan. "If Manhattan is the center of the city, midtown is the center of the center." AIA Guide to NYC , p. 179 If Manhattan is the center of the city (of all five boroughs ), then Midtown Manhattan

5772-487: The East River Greenway , a waterfront pedestrian and bicycle pathway. While host nation authorities have agreed to the provisions of the plan, it needs the approval of the United Nations in order to be implemented. The plan is similar in concept to an earlier proposal that had been announced in 2000 but did not move forward. For census purposes, the New York City government classifies Turtle Bay as part of

5920-717: The Ford Foundation Building and its lobby interior are designated as city landmarks. One block north is the former Beaux-Arts Institute of Design (now the Permanent Mission of Egypt to the United Nations ) at 304 East 44th Street is designated as a New York City landmark. The headquarters of the Japan Society at 333 East 47th Street has also been designated as a city landmark. Several apartments and houses in Turtle Bay have also been designated as landmarks. The Beaux-Arts Apartments ,

6068-735: The Lescaze House at 211 East 48th Street, also listed on the NRHP; the Morris B. Sanders Studio & Apartment at 219 East 49th Street; the Rockefeller Guest House at 242 East 52nd Street; and 312 and 314 East 53rd Street . The Turtle Bay Gardens Historic District , a city and NRHP district, consists of twenty rowhouses on 48th and 49th Streets between Second and Third Avenues. There are some other historical sites in Turtle Bay as well. The first-floor interior of

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6216-559: The Millennium Hilton New York One UN Plaza hotel is also a city landmark, though not any other portions of the interior or exterior. Amster Yard , a courtyard at 211-215 East 49th Street designed by James Amster , is also a city landmark. Turtle Bay and Murray Hill are patrolled by the 17th Precinct of the NYPD , located at 167 East 51st Street. The 17th Precinct and neighboring 13th Precinct ranked 57th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. The high per-capita crime rate

6364-518: The National Register of Historic Places . There are no zoned high schools in New York City. However, the Art and Design High School , a vocational school, serves grades 9–12. The New York Public Library (NYPL) operates two branches near Turtle Bay: Manhattan Community District 6, which includes Turtle Bay, has the lowest ratio of public park space per capita of all community districts in

6512-569: The Office of Strategic Services . The UNDC also included a list of bankers, realtors, attorneys, and city planners. One city planner was Donald H. Elliott , Chairman of the City Planning Commission. Preliminary plans for the UN expansion project state that the Ford Foundation had begun the financing with a grant of $ 400,000 to the fund for Area Development and Planning. The Ford Foundation "began many months ago to quietly purchase properties in

6660-420: The "Turtle Bay Gardens Historic District" which is a two-block area along the northwestern half of Turtle Bay (from East 48th to E. 49th Street, between Second and Third Avenues), describe the twenty homes that were built there. Notable people who have lived there include Katharine Hepburn (#244 E. 49th St.), Stephen Sondheim (#246 E. 49th St.), and Tyrone Power . However, these historical records also describe

6808-416: The 12th floor and again, from the 28th floor up to 45 degrees. The slantbacks form a "lean-to" or "shed-like" appearance so much that the building appears "continuously wrapped" or flowing in aluminum and glass. The setbacks are placed above the office stories which have a larger floor area. The third setback, on the southeast corner of the building, is architecturally opposite to the northern face's slant back:

6956-518: The 16-acre area known as Turtle Bay or X City was destined to become the UN Plaza , headquartered at the UN Secretariat , its UN General Assembly and associated buildings. John D. Rockefeller Jr. reached out to Zeckendorf. He proposed a lump sum cash offer of $ 8.5 million to Zeckendorf, who leaped at the opportunity. After a round of last-minute negotiations, Rockefeller then gifted it to

7104-486: The 1940s and 1950s to make way for the United Nations headquarters. Today, Turtle Bay contains multiple missions and consulates to the nearby United Nations headquarters. Turtle Bay is part of Manhattan Community District 6 , and its primary ZIP Codes are 10017 and 10022. It is patrolled by the 17th Precinct of the New York City Police Department . Turtle Bay, a cove of the East River ,

7252-404: The East River. The farm was named after a cove in Turtle Bay. The cove was given its name from the abundance of turtles in the slow-moving brackish water found along the East River. The cove was located off the East River from about 45th to 48th Streets. Turtle Cove was fed by a small stream that originated at approximately Second Avenue and 48th Street. There was such an abundance of turtles in

7400-401: The East River; an office building; a hotel building; and a UN school. The hotel and office buildings would be twins . Twin hotel/office buildings with a "monumental stairway" on Second Avenue at 44th Street, which would set aside most of the area from 43rd Street to 45th Street between First and Second Avenues, with a walkway connecting Hammarskjold Plaza at 47th Street. Roche said there would be

7548-418: The New York state Legislature, it had been given the right to acquire land and to create a plan for what was declared to be a "special design area, and therefore exempt from local zoning regulations, with eminent domain powers, and the ability to apply for state funding, issue tax-exempt bonds, and act as a developer with a tax-exempt status like a not-for-profit corporation". David McCloy was to head and organise

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7696-692: The President can appoint no more than five members of Congress to the General Assembly with the advice and consent of the Senate and that members appointed to the Assembly can not be compensated for their service in the Assembly. The duties of Congressional Representatives are not specified by the UNPA, but they generally act as observers in the committee proceedings and formal gatherings of UN General Assembly members and heads of state. As outlined in UNPA,

7844-579: The President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, may designate congressional representatives. Both the House Foreign Affairs Committee (HFAC) and Senate Foreign Relations Committee (SFRC), have at different times, documented procedures for selecting congressional representatives. In practice, the process appears to be informal and has varied over time depending on the priorities and preferences of committee leadership. The Senate Foreign Relations Committee has developed

7992-484: The Rockefeller and Ford Foundations each gave $ 100,000 to initiate the planning. The initial planning called for creating an unbroken park between 43rd and 45th Streets, "radically changing the existing traffic patterns along First Avenue. Virtually all through traffic would be eliminated to accomplish the joining of property on the west side of First Avenue with the United Nations enclave" and removing 44th Street from

8140-583: The Turtle Bay site for their "private development", lost after Rockefeller announced he would "give to the city of New York the land as a gift". Mayor O'Dwyer gratefully accepted the gift from the Rockefellers and New York City became the future home of the UN. The Ford Foundation followed and contributed $ 6.2 million for the Dag Hammarskjold Library to be built along the southern border of the proposed UN site, as well as $ 6.5 million for

8288-595: The UN Secretariat Building, situated diagonally across the street on First Avenue of the typical "postmodernist" design. It is basically the same height as the UN Secretariat — minus three feet. One's 505 ft (154 m) height could not be taller according to New York City's zoning laws. Therefore, visually and architecturally it was designed with the same visual enthusiasm as the Secretariat Building and became an aesthetic complement to rival

8436-559: The UN Secretariat and General Assembly), who had envisioned luxury apartments for the nearby UN's Secretariat, foresaw twin towers at the north end of Zeckendorf's "X" City. He proposed this in 1946, and which was later built. This development became known as 860–870 United Nations Plaza, or simply the UN Plaza. This 2.3-acre area of X City became the nation's largest apartment-commercial office complex at that time. Senator Robert F. Kennedy lived in an apartment at UN Plaza. Due to advances in

8584-553: The UN Secretariat which is oblong, One UN Plaza is an L-shaped building. Its footprint is hexagonal viewed from the top-down. There are some interesting setbacks in order to carefully integrate New York's zoning regulations: three architectural indentations which are not happenstance. According to Roche, there are three possibilities in designing skyscrapers to abide by the existing zoning laws in New York City, which will be discussed in this article. These possibilities were realistically "meant for rectangular buildings and blocks". By putting

8732-530: The UN Secretariat, the second most influential glass curtain wall was the Seagram Building , designed in 1958 by Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson and Kahn & Jacobs, which "ushered in amber and bronzed monoliths, and its elegant, muted approach is still copied here and around the world". Initially, Roche considered the glass facade to be a polychrome glass with alternating primary colors, red and blue. Later on, Roche chose an absolutely uniform surface,

8880-709: The UN Secretariat/General Assembly and the twin commercial/luxury apartments of UN Plaza had been built, it was up to the remainder of Turtle Bay's X City land to be developed. Secretary General U Thant requested the "drastic need" for office space which had been rented from nearby offices, and for a hotel, from the United Nations. He raised concerns that the United Nations Children's Fund and the United Nations Development Fund were severely affected by

9028-566: The UN a large sum of money that was matched by the Rockefeller Brothers Fund to establish the Fund for Area Planning and Development. The dream of Rockefeller and McGeorge Bundy was eventually realized, but in piece-meal fashion: One UN Plaza (1969–75), Two UN Plaza (1979–83), and Three UN Plaza/UNICEF Hqtrs. (1983–87). All are located between 44th and 46th Streets, and First and Second Avenues. Beginning with Wallace Harrison of Harrison and Abramovitz (the chief architect for

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9176-439: The UN after "eleventh-hour negotiations" which enabled New York to win the bid over a consortium of local New York businessmen and the cities of Boston, Philadelphia, and San Francisco, who were all leading contenders for the UN site at that time. The bid — negotiated by Zeckendorf between the Rockefellers and Mayor William O'Dwyer of New York City — was won. The group of New York businessmen (including Zeckendorf), who once planned

9324-576: The UN and the new UN Visitor's Center, a city bus stop and terminal for the many chartered buses traveling to the UN daily. First Avenue buses would be rerouted through a passageway below the Visitor's Center with a local bus stop there. All other through-traffic would be rerouted through the existing tunnel with an entrance to the FDR Drive. Governor Rockefeller signs a bill for the UN expansion project. The twin-tower idea with three- -platformed levels

9472-583: The UN headquarters' construction, the Ralph Bunche Park staircase was constructed, connecting Tudor City to the rest of Turtle Bay. Until the Third Avenue El was demolished in 1956, it was characterized by a blighted stretch of sooty darkness that had separated the neighborhood from Midtown Manhattan . After the UN headquarters' expansion plan was originally announced in 2000, it was opposed by some Turtle Bay residents over concerns about

9620-576: The UN they handle. The U.S. president also appoints two members of Congress. Members are selected by the United States House of Representatives and/or United States Senate – one Democrat and one Republican from each chamber – as Congressional Representatives to the United Nations General Assembly. The position is regulated by Section 2(a) of the United Nations Participation Act (UNPA), which stipulates that

9768-624: The UN. The Millennium Hilton New York One UN Plaza is a privately owned hotel and occupies the lobby, the upper floors, the swimming pool, and the tennis/racquetball courts. One UN Plaza (also referred to as Tower One, D.C. 1, or simply "One") opened in 1975 and is a 39-story mixed-use office building and hotel, the first of its kind in New York City. It is located at the northwest corner of 44th Street and First Avenue. The building includes 420,000 square feet of office space on floors 2 through 26, hotel space on floors 2, then 27 through 39, and separate ground floor offices and hotel lobbies. One UN Plaza

9916-601: The UNDC, who was once the head of the World Bank . Also appointed to the UNDC was Arthur J. Goldberg , the previous US ambassador to the UN under President Johnson ; an Associate Supreme Court justice and Secretary of Labor under President John F. Kennedy ; and recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom . Goldberg served during World War II as a captain in the United States Army and

10064-635: The United Nations Building, located at First Avenue and East 45th Street in Turtle Bay, Manhattan , was dedicated on March 29, 2011. The lead architect was Gwathmey Siegel & Associates Architects ' Charles Gwathmey , who died in 2009, approximately two years before the structure was completed. Former U.S. Permanent Representative Susan Rice thanked Gwathmey in her remarks at the dedication ceremony. Gwathmey's firm said that they wanted to design "an iconic tower that would transcend strict programmatic and technical constraints, and become

10212-535: The United Nations are in Turtle Bay, close to the UN. They include: Several sites in Turtle Bay have been designated by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) as official city landmarks and/or are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). These include several institutional headquarters. In the southern section of Turtle Bay, between 42nd and 43rd Streets east of Second Avenue,

10360-417: The United Nations membership had increased from the original 55 members to 123 members, along with their associated organizations and tourists visiting the UN. To plan for this expansion, the East River-Turtle Bay Fund changed its name to the "Fund for Area Planning and Development, Inc.", a non-profit organization, and released a plan for the area to accommodate a proposed building/hotel/office complex. The fund

10508-419: The United States Mission to the UN on First Avenue. There would be twin forty-story towers on the same street, Forty-fourth Street, with a ring of eleven- to nineteen-story structures around the edge of the superblock. Each tower would be square in its footprint, but rotated 45 degrees off the street grid, to provide two millions square feet of space and one million square feet of office/apartment/hotel use. Both

10656-400: The United States Mission to the United Nations — up to the height of its facade. However, as the plan evolved, only 50 per cent of the facade had functioning windows, placing it conveniently in a different zoning category. Therefore, the required setback was proportionally reduced to 15 feet. It has been logically assumed that Roche favorably used these zoning laws and rationalized the placing of

10804-677: The United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations . The position is also known as simply the U.S. Permanent Representative, or "Perm Rep", to the United Nations. The U.S. permanent representative, currently Linda Thomas-Greenfield , is charged with representing the United States on the UN Security Council and during almost all plenary meetings of the General Assembly , except in

10952-469: The United States to serve on the United Nations General Assembly, two acting as Congressional Representatives to the United Nations and two Non-Congressional members. The Biden Administration has named Tom Carnahan and Sim Farar as Representatives of the United States to the General Assembly of the United Nations who are not members of Congress. The other leadership roles are also known as UN ambassadors, but with specific titles related to which offices of

11100-407: The absence of scale, and enormous size. Sometimes it is possible to put color on the surface by expressing the floor levels or windows, or use it to change scale, all of which reinforce its form." Kevin Roche, 1985 The steel-frame structure is covered by an aluminum curtain wall with reflective glass. Although Mies van der Rohe first thought of an all‐glass skyscraper as early as 1921, it took

11248-601: The access point to the shopping mall from the parkway. An influx of new politicians was the driving force behind the UN expansion. Newly elected governor of New York, Nelson D. Rockefeller , ever fond of large architectural projects (the World Trade Center, 1966–71), was the lynchpin behind the Roche-designed UN mega-project for the UN's expansion. The project began to firmly take root when newly appointed Ford Foundation president McGeorge Bundy granted

11396-421: The anodizing of aluminum, the material's use rose exponentially and which was used in the building of 860–870 UN Plaza. This UN Plaza office/apartment complex used more aluminum sheathing than any other building in the world. It also became the most fashionable place to live in New York City. The need for another apartment/building complex rose. Bronze hard-coated aluminum had been used by Harrison and Abramovitz for

11544-450: The architects remembered Steinberg cartoons (cartoonist for The New Yorker ) of buildings made from graph paper and thought, there is a realism here, we ought to do this-to design the most flat, repetitious, scaleless (four layers of grid per floor level confuse the eye), paperlike (the colored and partly silvered glass appears opaque) skin yet... Its designers see themselves as artists, not idea men." These slant-backs, or lean-to's, on

11692-587: The borough and also ranks second to last among all community districts in New York City with regards to the percentage of district land that is parkland. Parks in Turtle Bay include: The closest New York City Subway stations are at the western border of the neighborhood, at Lexington Avenue/51st–53rd Streets ( 4 , ​ 6 , <6> ​, E , and ​ M trains) and Grand Central–42nd Street ( 4 , ​ 5 , ​ 6 , <6> ​, 7 , <7> ​​, and S trains);

11840-431: The boroughwide and citywide rates of 45% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018 , Turtle Bay and Stuyvesant Town are considered to be high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying . To the north of Turtle Bay is Sutton Place , to the west is Midtown, and to the south are Tudor City and Murray Hill . The Turtle Bay Association, a neighborhood non-profit 501(c)3 organization,

11988-489: The building and planning commission for the Ford Foundation's headquarters building completed a year earlier. Since X City's land north of the UN had been already assigned for use, the fund's specific duty was charged with developing the three-acre area of land just south of the UN. The UN had deemed it ideal for extra office space and a UN hotel. The fund offered to pay for architectural and engineering expenses incurred. Recently elected New York mayor John Lindsey quickly endorsed

12136-553: The building first opened, the hotel lobby was entered directly off of 44th Street, while the office lobby was put into place by Roche. An interesting key security feature of the hotel was the ability to enter the hotel or lobby not only from the main floor, from Forty-fourth Street, but from a through-block driveway. Both the lobby and the driveway were specifically designed for such a purpose. A dignitary or UN official could enter without being seen publicly or from any heightened security need should it arise. The first 26 floors, located on

12284-476: The chrome rail was a velvet-textured fabric on the wall panels. Down the corridor was a black‐and‐white marble checkerboard floor that flanked a simple reception desk and elevator bank. This similar design continued to the upstairs corridors and rooms in typical modernism style. Down the corridor and up a few stairs was the Ambassador Grill and Restaurant. The combined structural and decorative columns in

12432-446: The city's Planning Commission as ex-officio members. Mayor Lindsay stressed that the corporation would be privately funded and that no New York bonds would be floated for the building project. Roche-Dinkeloo received the commission to design the UN expansion project. "Roche's thinking process, like that of a military strategist, is ultra-logical and goal-oriented." He began by stripping down the building to its bare essentials and followed

12580-504: The citywide average of 20%. Ninety-one percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is higher than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 90% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", more than the city's average of 78%. For every supermarket in Turtle Bay and Stuyvesant Town, there are 7 bodegas . Beth Israel Medical Center is located in Stuyvesant Town. In addition,

12728-529: The citywide average of 75%. The New York City Department of Education does not operate any public schools in Turtle Bay. Students in grades PK–5 are zoned to PS 59 Beekman Hill International in Lenox Hill and students in grades 6–8 are zoned to IS 104 Simon Baruch School in Gramercy Park . Formerly, P.S. 135 operated inside Turtle Bay. The structure now contains condominiums and is listed on

12876-484: The color of which emphasizes the building's geometric changes in setbacks. When Roche asked the UN Secretary General for his opinion on the choice of red and blue, he was "unhappy with the idea". Roche then related it closer to the UN Secretariat glass color, which is green. According to Roche, this was his " minimalistic expression of the building's design, by using a uniform, small-textured skin to create

13024-468: The cove that residents held a "turtle feast.". Filled in for development purposes, the cove is now covered by the gardens of the northern (northeastern half along the East River) border of the United Nations grounds. Eventually, Turtle Bay Farm was replaced by homes (along the northwestern half of Turtle Bay), riverfront industry, and shantytowns beginning from the mid-18th century. Historical records of

13172-466: The early 20th century, Turtle Bay was "a riverside back yard" for the city, as the WPA Guide to New York City (1939) described it: "huge industrial enterprises—breweries, laundries, abattoirs, power plants—along the water front face squalid tenements not far away from new apartment dwellings attracted to the section by its river view and its central position. The numerous plants shower this district with

13320-407: The enclave called Turtle Bay Gardens . An area between First and Second Avenues, and 41st and 43rd Streets was known as "Goat Hill"—goats and squatters ruled the area—and later renamed "Prospect Hill". Prospect Hill developed into a shanty Irish community known as "Corcoran's Roost", founded by Jimmy Corcoran , in the 1850s, and later became known as a community with a high rate of violent crime and

13468-483: The equally-impressive UN headquarters. With its glass and aluminum facade similar to its grand neighbor, albeit with some differences discussed below, One UN Plaza became hugely popular. "[The building] is an intelligent counterpoint to the U.N.'s Secretariat Building — the color ... the materials, and the odd shape ... provides an interesting rhythm to play against the Secretariat's even slab." Silver states regarding

13616-590: The five-times larger (16-acres) parcel of land destined to become the United Nations Headquarters, just north of the proposed building/hotel/office-complex, was gifted to the UN twenty-years earlier for $ 8.5-million (1946). The open end of the U-shaped lot faced west towards First Avenue, as it encompassed a large ventilation shaft for the Queens-Midtown Tunnel . Its massive size and fixed nature precluded any attempt of relocating

13764-508: The glass tower two weeks after the grand opening. The hotel underwent a name-change to the "United Nations Plaza Hotel", and was scheduled for opening in March 1976. The floors of the small hotel lobby were made of Italian greenish-black marble that continued up the wall as wainscoting where it met a chrome rail. Within the chrome rail was hidden indirect lighting, which eliminated the need for tables and lamps, and which shone "iridescently." Above

13912-503: The heaviest sootfall in the city—150 tons to the square mile annually". The huge Waterside Station, a power plant operated by the Consolidated Edison Company, producing 367,000 kilowatts of electricity in its coal-fired plant, marked the southern boundary of the neighborhood. There were also 18 acres (73,000 m ) of slaughterhouses along First Avenue. With an infusion of poor immigrants having had come in

14060-657: The hilly landscape of the Turtle Bay Farm was graded to create cross-streets and the land was subdivided for residential development. An army enrollment office was established at Third Avenue and 46th Street, after the first Draft Act was passed during the American Civil War . On July 13, 1863, an angry mob burned the office to the ground and proceeded to riot through the surrounding neighborhood, destroying entire blocks. The New York Draft Riots continued for three days before army troops managed to contain

14208-479: The hotel were four-sided and mirrored on all sides. In contrast, the columns in Two United Nations Plaza are eight-sided. The hotel's rooms were not large except for the suites. Most of the suites are duplexes with spiral staircases and share the "shed" or "slant-back section of the curtain wall. As a result, the suites are the few parts of One UN Plaza that express the building's exterior into

14356-461: The hotel would be available by priority to heads of state, dignitaries, representatives of foreign governments and others participating in programs related to the United Nations, and followed by the public, according to the UNDC. Although the hotel did not open on the building's opening day, One United Nations Plaza's offices were ready for occupancy, while the hotel was slated to open the following year. United Nations personnel were informed to move into

14504-466: The hotel. The pool and health facilities are in the hotel portion. There is another slope where it adjoins the height of the US Mission to the UN , in order to align with, or recognize, the street line. At the southeast corner of the building, it is cut in to reflect the height of buildings across the street. The entire exterior is covered with a 3 X 5 foot grid of glass which "unifies the surface of

14652-436: The land surrounding Turtle Bay and the United Nations to provide for: 1) office space; 2), a hotel and apartment complex for supporting the UN and its world-wide activities. The East River-Turtle Bay Fund was a combined civic and city cooperative organization that acted on behalf of the local Turtle Bay neighborhoods and of the United Nations. The fund was first headed by Schwarz, who was not new to this line of work. He had headed

14800-486: The later part of the 19th century, and the opening of the elevated train lines along Second and Third Avenues , the neighborhood went into decay with crumbling tenement buildings. Many tenements were restored in the 1920s, and a large communal garden was established. Charlotte Hunnewell Sorchan saw promise in the run-down rowhouses of Turtle Bay. In 1918 she purchased twenty houses on 48th and 49th Streets between Second and Third Avenues; within two years she had renovated

14948-661: The latter has a connection to the Metro-North Railroad at Grand Central Terminal and the Long Island Rail Road at Grand Central Madison . Local New York City Bus lines include M15 , M15 SBS , M42 , M50 , M101 , M102 and M103 . The only major thoroughfare is the FDR Drive , at the neighborhood's eastern border. The Queens Midtown Tunnel ( I-495 ) and Queensboro Bridge ( NY 25 ) are located just south and north, respectively, of

15096-420: The lobbies, Roche placed a hung ceiling which consisted of Plexiglass below and reflective metal above, making it difficult to actually find the actual ceiling. Using other reflective materials like polished marble and stainless steel "added to the delerium." His desired kaleidoscopic outcome, always changing, was achieved. On opening day, what had begun under Mayor John Lindsay was finally completed under

15244-407: The loss of the current Robert Moses Playground in order to build a long-sought new UN building on the site. In October 2011, city and state officials announced an agreement in which the UN would be allowed to build the tower adjacent to the existing campus on the current playground. In exchange, the United Nations would allow the construction of an esplanade along the East River that would complete

15392-540: The lower slant-back exactly at the point where the 15-foot rule no longer applied, "pitching the resultant plane up to that point where the 30-foot rule would have been" applied. Following this same logic, the higher 28th-floor slant-back is exactly at the point where the next setback rule would have been applied, "pitched to a point that marks the overall width of two typical hotel rooms plus a corridor, or roughly 60 feet". "High Rise buildings tend to become minimalist sculptures because of their nature – tight, economical skin,

15540-448: The map. The envisioned proposal planned for three "platform levels". The top-most, 1st level would be a grand, majestically landscaped park, accessed by a stairway or "gateway" on Second Avenue side as well as from the UN side. The middle 2nd, or concourse level would be accessed from Second Avenue at the present sidewalk level, lined with restaurants and retail shops. The lowermost, 3rd level, would have 1,200 parking spaces for visitors to

15688-540: The mob, which had burned and looted much of the city. The cove was filled in after the Civil War, serving as a valuable shelter from the often harsh weather on the river, and became a thriving site for shipbuilding. After the war ended, the formerly pastoral neighborhood was developed with brownstones . By 1868 the bay had been entirely filled in by commercial overdevelopment, packed with breweries, gasworks, slaughterhouses, cattle pens, coal yards, and railroad piers. By

15836-637: The money did from the UNDC.Initially, One UN Plaza housed the hotel, the offices of the United Nations Development Program, the liaison offices for the International Monetary Fund, and the Food and Agriculture Organization. It was financed by a $ 55.2 million bond issue in 1973. Curtain walls Roche-Dinkeloo used a glass curtain wall made of blue-green glass. This blue-green glass curtain wall was "griddled in

15984-513: The neighborhood was 77.1% (39,475) White , 2.1% (1,071) African American , 0% (23) Native American , 13% (6,655) Asian , 0% (21) Pacific Islander , 0.4% (184) from other races , and 1.6% (845) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.8% (2,957) of the population. The entirety of Community District 6, which comprises Turtle Bay and Stuyvesant Town, had 53,120 inhabitants as of NYC Health 's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 84.8 years. This

16132-502: The neighborhood. United States Mission to the United Nations USUN is divided into the following sections: Executive; Washington; Political; Management and Reform; Economic and Social; Legal; Military Staff; Public Affairs; Host Country; Management; and Security. The United States Mission to the United Nations is located at 799 United Nations Plaza (between East 44th and 45th streets on First Avenue ) across

16280-455: The new building to the UN Secretariat. The grand plan proposed four sub-projects: a linear park along the East River, a United Nations office building, a mixed-use building with a hotel and an apartment complex for UN delegates, a UN-chartered school, and a visitor's center. The plan would transform the neighborhood, from the mostly commercial warehouse buildings, garages, and lofts into a campus of parks and an office/hotel complex. There would be

16428-542: The northside face do so for approximately the eastern one-third of the building. The western two-thirds of the building juts out at approximately 45 degrees to increase its square footage for about a third of the total length of the northern face, then returns parallel to conform to the southern face's configuration. On the northern side of the building, the upper stories were made to indent, as already mentioned. These two "atypical" setbacks or "slantbacks" sheathed in glass are laid at 45-degree angles. The setbacks are angled from

16576-428: The northwest corner of 44th Street next to the United States Mission to the United Nations, has offices for the United Nations and for its delegations. The top 13 floors were the hotel, with 292 rooms and suites; a swimming pool with an overhead Oriental canopy, and gymnasium on the 27th floor; an air‐conditioned tennis court on the top floor. It was initially operated by Hyatt International Hotels. Hyatt Hotels stated that

16724-489: The not-so-notables of Turtle Bay. The outliers who lived there called it "Blood Alley", as the once pristine Turtle Bay Farm and Turtle Cove had become slaughterhouses for their proximity to the cove and river. After renovations in the 1920s, the area underwent a rapid building period, and the cove was filled in. During the 1940s, a real estate developer named William Zeckendorf began actively buying properties in Turtle Bay to construct or develop Turtle Bay. However, Zeckendorf

16872-481: The now-defunct New York City Board of Estimate . Turtle Bay, Manhattan Turtle Bay is a neighborhood in New York City , on the east side of Midtown Manhattan . It extends from roughly 43rd Street to 53rd Street , and eastward from Lexington Avenue to the East River 's western branch (facing Roosevelt Island ). The neighborhood is the site of the headquarters of the United Nations and

17020-417: The office building and the hotel and creates a very fine texture. "As with a flavor in cooking, you put in a touch of something to create a familiar taste. That's the little flavor that stays with you and makes all the difference." Kevin Roche, 1985 New York City's zoning laws stated that if the northern face were all windows — as initially planned — they had to be 30 feet from its next-door neighbor,

17168-593: The project. A preliminary proposal planned for construction platforms to be built over the FDR Drive and the FDR's car exit at 42nd Street, as well as land which was then occupied by a seven-story Consolidated Edison -owned combined garage/office building. This irregular, U-shaped 3-acre lot ran east from First Avenue to the East River, and south to 41st street. The land was valued at that time between $ 12-million and $ 13 million. The parcel of land did not include Consolidated Edison's power plant south of 41st street. Comparatively,

17316-703: The rare situation in which a more senior officer of the United States (such as the U.S. Secretary of State or the President of the United States ) is present. Like all United States ambassadors , the U.S. Permanent Representative must be nominated by the U.S. president and confirmed by the Senate . Many prominent U.S. politicians and diplomats have held the post, including Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. , Adlai Stevenson , George H. W. Bush , Daniel Patrick Moynihan , Dr. Jeane Kirkpatrick , Richard Holbrooke , Dr. Madeleine Albright , Bill Richardson and John Danforth . It

17464-505: The rest of the city as of 2018 . A majority of residents age 25 and older (82%) have a college education or higher, while 3% have less than a high school education and 15% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 64% of Manhattan residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher. The percentage of Turtle Bay and Stuyvesant Town students excelling in math rose from 61% in 2000 to 80% in 2011, and reading achievement increased from 66% to 68% during

17612-400: The result became an instant success. "Svelte of build and spiffily draped in a toga of reflective blue-green glass, the 39-story One United Nations Plaza ... is a friendly neighborhood skyscraper which, leaving a lot to the imagination, has a lot going on inside its 586,000-square-foot bulk," according to William Marlin. The Roche-Dinkeloo architects designed One as an architectural complement to

17760-433: The rooms, besides the 27th‐floor canopied swimming pool, walled-in by glass and an expansive view of New York City and the East River. The hotel offers a ground-floor restaurant bar, seating 125, 5,000 sq. ft. of retail rental space, canopy-covered sidewalks, and an enclosed bridge reaching across a street to the permanent U.N. headquarters. The planned sister building, a 580,000-sq. ft. building occupying an 18,900-sq. ft. site

17908-405: The same time period. Turtle Bay and Stuyvesant Town's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is lower than the rest of New York City. In Turtle Bay and Stuyvesant Town, 8% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year , less than the citywide average of 20%. Additionally, 91% of high school students in Turtle Bay and Stuyvesant Town graduate on time, more than

18056-431: The setbacks: "KRJDA's intentions are beyond the merely anecdotal. This is revealed in other interesting aspects. The glass and metal wall is folded like paper, forming a few angular prisms horizontally and vertically on the exterior and making it geometrically different from anything nearby in the cityscape." A surprising outcome of this unique building design was the construction cost: $ 32 million. A device they resorted to

18204-477: The shortage of office space and had been renting offices nearby. As a result, a cooperative agreement was formed in 1966, between the City of New York, the United States Government, and the United Nations. The linchpin was financial support from the Ford Foundation and the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, which became known as the East River-Turtle Bay Fund, Inc. It was established to specifically plan

18352-504: The smaller‐than‐normal windows are uniformly distributed without protruding mullions , the effect is of a flat texture." "Stretched taut like a well‐fitted glove, the glass facade carries over the new building's stepped‐out and stepped‐back planes. Kevin Roche and John Dinkeloo (KRJDA) attempted to recreate the "Crystal Palace" look and succeeded, as they pursued the greenhouse look. Subsequently, manufacturers developed new types of glass. Nathan Silver of Harper's may have said it best: "Perhaps

18500-539: The street from United Nations Headquarters . There are several major leadership roles in the U.S. Mission. The primary role, United States Ambassador to the United Nations , is the leader of the U.S. Mission to the United Nations. The position is more formally known by the exact title: Permanent Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations , with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary , and Representative of

18648-462: The summer villa of Francis Bayard Winthrop. Turtle Creek, or DeVoor's Mill Creek as it was known, emptied into the cove at what is now 47th Street. To the south lay Kip's Bay farm; to the north, on a bluff, stood James Beekman 's "Mount Pleasant", the first of a series of houses and villas with water views stretching away up the shoreline. After the street grid system was initiated in Manhattan,

18796-482: The sun's rays and heat, but is thin enough to see through from the inside. At night, one can see into a lighted space from the outside, but one cannot see out. "It is not all transparent from the inside. It is glass used as a building material which is not necessarily transparent. Some of it is transparent, but glass is used over the solid parts because it is a very hard, impervious material which could last forever." There are four rows of windows for each floor and because

18944-424: The teenage birth rate was based on a small sample size. Turtle Bay and Stuyvesant Town have a low population of residents who are uninsured . In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 3%, less than the citywide rate of 12%, though this was based on a small sample size. The concentration of fine particulate matter , the deadliest type of air pollutant , in Turtle Bay and Stuyvesant Town

19092-402: The tennis court on the top floor of the building, it set its dimensions. The first twenty six floors were designed for office space since they are the largest floors. The top eleven floors were designed for the hotel with the smallest square footage. The hotel floors were required to be 65 feet, whereas the office floors were required to be wider. Hence, the walls slope inward from the offices to

19240-554: The tenure of Mayor Abraham Beame . The opening ceremony dedicating One United Nations Plaza on November 20, 1975, was attended by a group from New York City's political landscape that included Mayor Abraham Beame; the United States Ambassador to the United Nations, Daniel Patrick Moynihan ; the Secretary General of the United Nations, Kurt Waldheim ; and the chairman of the UNDC, John J. McCloy . When

19388-489: The two-block area to avoid sending prices soaring through speculation. the properties in turn were to be sold to the city at cost, to the corporation's planning". Under the same bill signed by Rockefeller, the corporation had the power to secure private financing by issuing bonds. The final proposal needed unanimous approval by the City Planning Commission, the New York City Housing Authority , and

19536-538: The use of reflective glass in Bell Telephone's Development Center in Holmdel, N.J. , in 1962." Lefer has suggested that "freedom in the use of glass enabled architects to design impressive structures, and that people prefer to live and work In buildings that have windows. The glass used by Roche-Dinkeloo is the third generation in reflective glass, which has a mirror-like coating on the glass to bounce back some of

19684-483: The ventilation shaft and therefore any proposed building/hotel/office-complex would need to be built around it. Vehicular traffic was projected to pass below the office building/hotel complex built on massive platforms. This proposal would include parks, tennis courts, and pedestrian walks extending to the East River. At first, the East River-Turtle Bay Fund could not commit to this grand scheme. At that point, other well-known New York endowments became players and initiated

19832-421: The visual panoply of the UN" as one drives north up the UN Plaza street or walks south (note: UN Plaza is a one-way street, running only northbound, as First Avenue was diverted underground and parallels the UN Plaza street to reduce traffic). The building is skirted by a second-story facade that slopes outward, thus creating a canopy above the ground floor. By accommodating the specific zoning laws of New York City,

19980-637: The window frames, doors, and stair railings for New York's Lincoln Center Philharmonic Hall.In addition to the UN Plaza, the Japan House and Two Dag Hammarskjold Plaza were built with similar building requirements. The future of the neighborhood surrounding the United Nations Secretariat Building and General Assembly was planned. U Thant , who was the Secretary General of the UN at that time, requested that

20128-411: Was $ 135,360 In 2018, an estimated 10% of Turtle Bay and Stuyvesant Town residents lived in poverty, compared to 14% in all of Manhattan and 20% in all of New York City. One in twenty-five residents (4%) were unemployed, compared to 7% in Manhattan and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 42% in Turtle Bay and Stuyvesant Town, compared to

20276-641: Was a cabinet-level position under the Clinton administration and the Obama administration , but no longer held that status under the Trump administration . It was returned to this position under the Biden Administration . It was not a cabinet-level position under George W. Bush administration (from 2001 to 2009). Additionally, there are four additional Representatives appointed by the President of

20424-453: Was between what is now 45th and 48th Streets and was fed by a stream that ran from the present-day intersection of Second Avenue and 48th Street. It was probably named after the turtles found in the area. Historical records from the 17th century described an abundance of turtles nearby, with local residents partaking in a "turtle feast". The Turtle Bay neighborhood was originally a 40-acre (16 ha) land grant given to two Englishmen by

20572-537: Was built in stages due to public outcry and lack of funding. Due to a general economic recession and community opposition in the late 60s and early 70s, the large-scale plans for an office/hotel complex and conference space were tabled. Thus, One UN Plaza was built first in 1976. This was followed by Two UN Plaza in 1983. As the name suggests, UNDC's principal tenants are the United Nations , the UN Development Programme , UNICEF , and other missions to

20720-471: Was encouraged. Finally, the UN body itself — the delegation of the UN General Assembly — was sent a proposal by the Fund for Planning and Development, upon which the 155-member delegation would vote on the proposal. The addition of a park on pilings or piers eighty-five feet wide and stretching from north five blocks from 38th Street would include tennis courts, jogging and bicycling paths,

20868-442: Was founded in 1957 by James Amster to protest, successfully, the widening of East 49th Street. It now serves as an advocate for residents of Turtle Bay, and maintains the neighborhood's quality of life. The Association's efforts have resulted in more park and landscaping development, creating the neighborhood's tree-lined and relatively quiet atmosphere. Missions to the United States in Turtle Bay include: Numerous missions to

21016-404: Was headed by Ralph Schwarz, who had overseen the building and planning for the Ford Foundation's headquarters, completed in 1967. Nine members constituted the Fund for Area Planning and Development, Inc., or simply the Fund for Area Planning and Development: two appointed by Governor Rockefeller; five by Mayor Lindsay; and two, the city's administrator for Housing and Development and the chairman for

21164-464: Was intended to be able to withstand an explosion from a car bomb. In that scenario, the windowless bottom six floors would help prevent injury from flying glass shards. The New York Times ' architecture critic Herbert Muschamp positively reviewed the building, which he called "essentially a high-rise bomb shelter": I'm for Gwathmey's design because, for once in a very long time, a building doesn't shrink from reminding us that [...] architecture

21312-415: Was put in charge of One's interior design, which was not the usual practice of interior decorating for buildings. Most of the office styles were usual and typical for offices at the time. But as for the interior designing, Roche was anything but usual or typical. He made use of metal and mirrors to enhance or increase the visualised spaces. "Roche made every attempt to explode the space beyond its confines." In

21460-429: Was slated to be finished in 1975. Both strengthen the physical links to the existing movement patterns of the U.N. district, while stepped-back and stepped-out glass facades portray a super-scaled complex. Turtle Bay was referred to as Turtle Bay Farm by early settlers. The farm was adjacent to the East River and by the mid-eighteenth century, Turtle Bay Farm extended from about 40th to 49th Street and from Third Avenue to

21608-435: Was the secretary of the East River-Turtle Bay Fund, said that city permits required for such a grand undertaking were daunting, and the city had assured him that they would help in any way possible to expedite the proposed plan. Arthur Goldberg, the United States' ambassador to the UN, U Thant, and Mayor Lindsay had already stressed the need for such an undertaking. A proposal was filed in 1968 in New York's capital, Albany, for

21756-535: Was unsure as to what type of development he would be allowed to build by New York City's Planning Commission or New York's City Council . For that reason, he coined the term, "X City" since he had no idea what to build. Both the Planning Commission and New York's City Council are the two powerful organizations that determine the future of building sites in New York City as part of New York's home-rule designation for municipalities. Both are required for

21904-465: Was unveiled in April 1968, to Mayor Lindsay and Governor Rockefeller in a slide presentation. There, Roche demonstrated his step-by-step idea of two large towers with a square footprint placed at forty-five degrees to the city's traditional grid, raised on a large platform housing a park, and on an axis perpendicular to the East River. The basics would include four major components: a linear public park by

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