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33-475: Glider pilots upload secure log files from GNSS Flight Recorders to the OLC web site, and the server automatically scores their flight performance. Scores are adjusted by a handicap factor to allow for performance differences between different glider makes and models. The scores are summarized and displayed by airfield, club, region, country, and continent, along with the overall world standings. The handicap factor, and

66-415: A glider for either 300 meters or 30 seconds, and "B" level if they made two flights of 45 seconds in straight lines plus one of 60 seconds in an "S" pattern. (It should be remembered that these flights were made by bungee cord launches down hillsides.) In time a "C" level, requiring a five-minute flight, was added. A few years later Fritz Stamer, chief flight instructor of an early gliding school, designed

99-488: A leg after a motorcycle accident. From then on, he would fly while wearing a wooden prosthesis . He had the fibula from his amputated leg fashioned into a cigarette holder In 1928, he graduated from the Technical University of Stuttgart with a diploma in engineering and began to focus on aircraft construction. Over the next decade, he would also tour the world, promoting gliding throughout Europe ,

132-417: A particularly remarkable performance in gliding, or eminent services to the sport of gliding over a long period of time". The first recipient was Tadeusz Góra in recognition of his 577.8 km flight. Its recipients include: Wolf Hirth Wolfram Kurt Erhard Hirth (28 February 1900 – 25 July 1959) was a German gliding pioneer and sailplane designer. He was a co-founder of Schempp-Hirth , still

165-462: A pressure altitude sensor and a Global Navigation Satellite System ( GNSS ) receiver. Data output is in a standard ASCII-based format, the "IGC flight data format". This is used in files with the suffix "IGC" that is specified in detail in Appendix A of the document "Technical Specification for IGC-approved GNSS Flight Recorders". Organisations outside IGC also use IGC-approved flight recorders and

198-729: A record of seventy-six successive loops. Wolf Hirth also took part in International Championships of Touring Aircraft Challenge 1929 , Challenge 1932 (6th place) and Challenge 1934 (13th place). After some time in the USA he returned to Germany in 1934 because of US economic depression. With the assistance of Wolf Hirth, Martin Schempp founded his own company in Göppingen in 1935: "Sportflugzeugbau Göppingen Martin Schempp". In 1938, Wolf Hirth, mainly responsible for

231-573: A renowned glider manufacturer. Hirth was born in Stuttgart , the son of an engineer and tool-maker. He was the younger brother of Hellmuth , who founded the famous Hirth aircraft engine manufacturing company. As a young man, Hirth took up gliding and was soon drawn to the Wasserkuppe , then the focus of the German gliding movement, earning his pilot's licence in 1920. In 1924, Hirth lost

264-464: A security code in the downloaded file of flight data. This code and the file data itself can be checked ("validated") at any time later using a validation program that is posted on the IGC GNSS web site. This validation program checks three things: A public/private key (PPK) encryption system such as RSA or equivalent is used to achieve the validation process above. IGC-approved Recorders also have

297-495: A security device such as a microswitch that operates if the recorder is opened. This enables unauthorised modification to the recorder to be detected and protects the integrity of its output data. There are three levels of IGC-approval: These are allocated by GFAC depending on factors such as the security of the type of FR with respect to the latest IGC FR Specification, the age of the FR design and experience of its characteristics, and

330-668: Is a multi-national decentralized glider race sanctioned by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) that runs in conjunction with the Aerokurier Online-Contest for 19 consecutive weekends during the Northern Summer season. Club members flying from their Club's home airfield on the competition weekend days are scored on an optimized 2.5 hour sprint task, all in gliding flight, with the finish altitude no lower than

363-487: Is a valuable check that both systems are working correctly. In March 1995, IGC created the "GNSS FR Approval Committee" (GFAC) to test recorders and co-ordinate IGC rules, and Annex B to the Sporting Code for gliders (SC3B) was created for FR rules and procedures. GFAC also issues IGC-approval documents for approved types of FR that are posted on the IGC GNSS web site. For IGC-approval, the recorder design includes

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396-449: Is governed by meetings of delegates from national gliding associations . It is one of several Air Sport Commissions (ASC) of the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI), or "World Air Sports Federation". FAI is the world body for sporting aviation and the certification of world records for aeronautics and astronautics and was founded in 1905. When the IGC was founded in 1932, it

429-423: Is similar to Formula-One, with each higher finishing position worth one additional point for the round. Scoring is totaled at the end of the season to declare the overall winner. This aviation -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . GNSS Flight Recorders The International Gliding Commission ( IGC ) is the international governing body for the sport of gliding . It

462-781: The Giant Mountains , then in Germany. In 1933, he became the Head of the new Gliding School in Hornberg . Later in the year, he became the first to correctly identify the phenomenon of wave lift , the highest form of lift source available to soaring pilots. In Jan. 1934, he joined Professor Georgii's South America expedition, along with Peter Riedel , Hanna Reitsch , and Heini Dittmar , to study thermal conditions, with his sailplane "Moatzagotl". While in Argentina, Wolf set

495-664: The United States , Japan , South America , and South Africa . On 10 March 1931 he gave a demonstration of glider aerobatics over New York City. On one of these publicity trips, he suffered major injuries in a crash in Hungary , requiring a hospital stay of four months. He and Robert Kronfeld were the first pilots to gain the Silver C badge . He was the chief flying instructor at the Grünau Gliding School in

528-534: The D badge became known as the Silver C, and more often today just the Silver Badge. Earning the Silver Badge shows that a glider pilot has achieved an altitude gain of at least 1,000 m, made a five-hour duration flight, and has flown cross-country for a straight-line distance of at least 50 km: these three attainments are usually, but not invariably, achieved in separate flights. The first recipients of

561-667: The Diamond Badge) started in 1949. The Diamond Badge requires three achievements: flying 300 km to a pre-defined goal, going 500 km in one flight (but not necessarily to a pre-defined goal), and gaining 5,000 m in height. Earning all three "diamonds" qualifies the pilot for the FAI registry as a Diamond Badge holder. The first pilot with the Diamond Badge was the American, John Robinson, in 1950, who had also held

594-818: The FAI Gliding Commission and the host nation. Within FAI, the sport of glider aerobatics is managed by the FAI Aerobatics Commission (CIVA), which stands for "Commission Internationale de Voltige Aérienne" and also deals with powered-aircraft aerobatics In the early 1920s two flying organizations, the Association of the German Model and Gliding Clubs, and the Rhön Soaring Association , determined that pilots would be listed as "A" level if they flew

627-585: The Gold C and now usually just the Gold Badge) was established in 1935. A pilot who has completed the Gold Badge has flown 300 km, though not necessarily to a pre-defined goal, gained 3,000 m in height and has made a five-hour flight (only one has to be done to count for both the Silver and Gold). Up to this level the badges are registered only by the national gliding associations. The F Badge (now

660-416: The IGC flight data file format. In IGC-approved recorders, GNSS and pressure altitude data is continuously recorded during flight in fixes stored in non-volatile memory inside the recorder. Typical fix intervals, set by the pilot before flight, are 5 seconds for "cruising" flight between turn points, and 1 second near turn points or other points of interest. Pressure altitude figures must be calibrated to

693-522: The International pressure/altitude values of the ICAO ISA (International Standard Atmosphere). Re-calibrations to check any errors from the ICAO ISA are carried out at regular intervals. GNSS lat/long data records the track over ground and in particular whether a particular turn point (TP) has been reached. GNSS altitude data can be compared with pressure altitude data from the recorder and this

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726-503: The Silver C were Wolf Hirth and Robert Kronfeld on 15 February 1931. In 1932 the FAI recognized gliding, and formed a new section: the Commission Internationale de Vol à Voile (CIVV). This eventually took over the role of ISTUS. The FAI decided that the Silver C was sufficiently meritorious to be internationally recognised, and issued the first 300 before turning the awarding over to the national societies. From

759-650: The absolute altitude record. Over 7600 people have achieved this level. The FAI also issues a diploma for a flight of 750 km, and additional ones in increments of 250 km, maintaining lists of the holders of these awards. As of 2019 six people had been awarded a 2000 km diploma The wide variety of records have been defined by the FAI Gliding Commission. The classes of glider have been combined into four groups: Open, 15 metre, World Class and Ultralight. Although female pilots can claim world records in these general categories, there are also additional records in these categories just for female pilots. Because of

792-587: The beginning the lesser badges were only recorded by local gliding associations, and their criteria varies, although they are usually integrated into organized training programs. For example, in the United States a Bronze Badge is issued for demonstrated pre-cross country flying skills beyond the C level. In Britain a pilot progresses from the B to the Bronze level and then receives an additional endorsement for cross-country training. The E badge (later called

825-594: The design work, officially became a partner in the company, which then took on the new name "Sportflugzeugbau Schempp-Hirth ". The company relocated to Kirchheim-Teck the same year. The company first manufactured a small training glider, the Göppingen Gö 1 , intended to rival the Grunau Baby . The company's first real success, however, was the Gö 3 Minimoa , a distinctive aircraft with an elegant gull wing design that

858-524: The gull insignia which were used for these awards and later for the badges. ISTUS (Internationale Studienkommission für motorlosen Flug) , was founded in Frankfurt on 13 June 1930, to record international gliding achievements. The founding nations were Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Hungary, Germany, Italy, and the USA. A series of badges for solo gliding was devised called A, B, C, D etc. Later

891-412: The integrity of FR flight data and its resistance to "hacking". An associated body is Organisation Scientifique et Technique du Vol à Voile (OSTIV) which facilitates contact between glider manufacturers and pilots to share experience and opinion The Commission makes awards for great achievements and meritorious service. For gliding it presents: The Lilienthal Medal was instituted in 1938 "to reward

924-757: The number of records the table below only summarises some of the Open Category gliding records as at the beginning of 2008. A full list is available on the FAI web site. With the advent of satellite navigation equipment at an affordable price, the International Gliding Commission of FAI developed a technical specification for approved flight recorders. IGC-approved flight recorders provide precise evidence of position for gliding competitions , national and world records. They replace photographic evidence or ground-based observers to record aircraft position. IGC-approved recorders include

957-471: The scoring breakdowns, allow pilots to compete against one another on any level, from local to international. The competition runs for a full year beginning and ending in early October. There is an annual OLC Symposium and award ceremony in late October each year in Gersfeld Germany, near the Wasserkuppe . Over 12000 pilots participated in the OLC worldwide in 2006. The IGC-OLC World League

990-414: The start. The longest cross-country distance flown in 2.5 hours is handicapped by the glider's performance index to generate a handicapped average speed. The top three club member's speeds are added to get the club's speed score for the weekend round. Each club is ranked by total speed in their home country, then the top 5 clubs from each country are entered in the international scoring for that round. Scoring

1023-592: Was called CIVV (Commission Internationale de Vol à Voile) and has also been called CVSM (Commission de Vol Sans Moteur). It is the FAI commission responsible for the international competitions, records and badges that apply to gliders and motor gliders . The term "sailplanes" is sometimes used. Hang gliders and paragliders have a separate body called the FAI CIVL Commission, which stands for "Commission Internationale de Vol Libre". The World Gliding Championships are organised every two years or so by

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1056-513: Was elected President of the German Aero-Club in 1956. Hirth had a heart attack while flying his Vogt Lo-100 aerobatic glider in 1959 and died in the subsequent crash. Handbuch des Segelfliegens was published posthumously in 1963. In many municipalities of Baden-Württemberg roads were named after Wolf Hirth. In Bartholomä, Bettringen, Böblingen, Ditzingen, Esslingen-am-Neckar, Leinzell, Leonberg, Kirchheim/Teck and Schramberg there

1089-403: Was used to break several world records and win championships around the world. Hirth continued to direct the firm throughout World War II . In 1940 the company began manufacturing assembly parts for Messerschmitt Me 323 and Messerschmitt Bf 109 and other aircraft. From 1945 the company made furniture and other wooden components for industry until glider production could begin again in 1951. He

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