Oog is a town in the Sool region of Somaliland , situated in the Aynaba district. It is located between Aynaba and Las Anod .
81-404: Oog acts as the junction of the road connecting the regional capitals of Burao and Erigavo . Oog is situated on Somaliland's main road connecting towns and cities like Borama , Hargeisa , Berbera and Burao to Somalia . Oog is located 151 km (94 mi) from Burao, 100 km (62 mi) from Las Anod, and 239 km (149 mi) from Erigavo. 10 km (6.2 mi) north of Oog
162-563: A hot arid climate ( Köppen BWh ) in common with most of Somalia, although Burao's weather is moderated by altitude. The average daytime temperatures during the summer months of June and August can rise to 31 °C or 87.8 °F, with a low of 20 °C or 68 °F at night. The weather is cooler the rest of the year, averaging 27 °C or 80.6 °F during the day and 13 °C or 55.4 °F at nighttime. The city's limited rainfall of 222 millimetres or 9 inches usually comes with two peaks during April–May and October–November. Due to
243-666: A Peace Conference at Oog. In 2008, one of the diaspora returned from the U.S. and attempted to convert his grazing lands to fields in Oog, which led to serious conflict between the clans. In December 2011, a large delegation led by the Speaker of the House of Representatives of Somaliland and the Chairman of the Waddani visited Oog. In April 2012, Somtel 's office was opened in Oog, and
324-585: A disturbing effect upon the surrounding tribes, and immediate dispositions of troops became necessary in order to ensure the apprehension and punishment of those responsible for the murder. On 27th February the Governor telegraphed that, in order to meet the situation which had arisen, he required two aeroplanes for purposes of demonstration, and suggested that two aeroplanes from the Royal Air Force Detachment at Aden should fly over to Berber
405-470: A from Aden. He also telegraphed that in certain circumstances it might become necessary to ask for reinforcements of troops to be sent to the Protectorate. James Lawrence author of Imperial Rearguard: Wars of Empire writes [Gibb]..was murdered by rioters during a protest against taxation at Burao. Governor Archer immediately called for aircraft which were at Burao within two days. The inhabitants of
486-537: A police force, and eventually on 7 July found Sheikh Bashir and his unit in defensive positions behind their fortifications in the mountains of Bur Dhab. After clashes Sheikh Bashir and his second-in-command, Alin Yusuf Ali, nicknamed Qaybdiid, were killed. A third rebel was wounded and was captured along with two other rebels. The rest fled the fortifications and dispersed. On the British side the police general leading
567-516: A population of 750,000. The main residents of Burao are the Habr Je'lo , Habr Yonis , Isamusa and the Arap , which are all subdivisions of the larger Isaaq Somali clan-family . Burao is divided into four wards; Mohamed Ali, Farah Omar, Lihle and Sheikh Bashir. These wards are further divided into neighbourhoods. The city's economy is primarily based on the export of livestock, with Burao and
648-713: A result of the government's campaign. In May 1991, an SNM Central Committee convened in Burao collectively agreed upon revoking its voluntary union with the Somali Democratic Republic . Representatives from the Isaaq clan were in collective support of secession which was reinforced by the support the clan elders of the non-Isaaq clans who were present at the Burco conference Following extensive consultations between SNM leadership figures and clan representatives, it
729-581: A small inland market hub that linked the port of Berbera with the hinterland and offered trading facilities for the region's nomadic population. The settlement was later on burned to the ground by British forces in 1900, with the modern settlement being re-established in 1910. For much of the 19th century, Burao served as the capital of the Habr Yunis Sultanate . Sultan Nur Ahmed Aman , Sutan Awad Deria and Sultan Madar Hersi ruled from Burao at different periods of time. After leaving
810-575: A string of poems, the Guba poetic chain, one of the most well-known series in Somali history. Swiss Explorer Haggenmacher met Hersi Aman in 1873 and also wrote of a successful Habr Yunis battle in the Hawd that occurred during his visit The Habr Yunis had many wounded, but were also extremely rich in loot, the estimated number of loot was at least 10,000 camels. At the battle of Haro Dhiig ( Lake of Blood ) in
891-604: A young Mullah and nephew of Hersi Aman. Nur was initially uneasy and preferred his life as a Mullah rather than being the Sultan designate. The Habr Yunis were not interrupted by the British Somaliland protectorate which had been established in 1884 and was still largely relegated to the coast and its capital of Berbera . The two Sultans engaged in a lengthy war and divided the Sultanate's territory, where Awad ruled
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#1732797312257972-529: Is known. Fine to be doubled in failure to comply with latter conditions and aeroplanes to be used to bomb stock on grazing grounds. Sir Winston Churchill reporting on the Burao incident in the House of Commons : On 25th February the Governor of Somaliland telegraphed that an affray between tribesmen had taken place at Burao on the previous day, in the course of which Captain Allan Gibb, D.S.O., D.C.M.,
1053-477: Is named in his honour. The town became a district capital and a number of public buildings were subsequently established in the following years. Burao's administrative importance declined after Hargeisa replaced Berbera as the capital of the British Somaliland protectorate in 1941, and Burao's urban infrastructure remained underdeveloped. However, with the expansion of the region's livestock trade in
1134-524: Is the capital of the Togdheer region and the second largest city in Somaliland. Burao was the site of the declaration of an independent Somaliland on 18 May 1991. The city originated as a well named Ceel-Gooni in the late 18th century used by nomads from the surrounding area. The town subsequently grew around the well. Due to the availability of water along the dry valley, Burao developed into
1215-519: Is the nearby town of Badweyn , home to a substantial mosque and a multiple-trunked tree that stands alongside the main road. South of Oog, in the Haud , the rare collared lark can be found as well as the native dibatag antelope . Oog is home to a Somaliland National Army base. A 1951 British survey lists Oog as the home well of the Musa Abokor branch of the Habr Je'lo Isaaq clan. Oog
1296-542: Is written as "Ok" in a book published in England in 1951 as the coordinate 8°55′N 46°37′E / 8.917°N 46.617°E / 8.917; 46.617 . In February 1919, Oog was attacked by Mullah 's forces. On 2 February 1991, the SNM and a Dhulbahante delegation led by Garaad Abdiqani held a meeting in Oog, where ceasefire was agreed upon. In October 1991, Habar Yunis, Habar Je'lo, and Dhulbahante held
1377-596: The District Commissioner at Burao, had been shot dead. Captain Gibb had advanced with his interpreter to quell the disturbance, when 1954 fire was opened upon him by some riflemen, and he was instantly killed. The murderers escaped under cover of falling darkness. Captain Gibb was an officer of long and valued service in Somaliland, whose loss I deeply regret. From the information available, his murder does not appear to have been premeditated, but it inevitably had
1458-705: The Eidagale after the Isaaq successfully defeated the Absame clan at Lafaruug in the 17th century. With time the Habr Yunis and later the Habr Awal and Habr Je'lo would break from the Isaaq Sultanate with the Habr Yunis forming their own Sultanate led by Sugulle the son of the previous Habr Yunis Chieftain, Ainanshe Hersi . The Sultan Deria Sugulleh would establish his capital at Wadhan (Waram) near
1539-530: The Secretary of State for the Colonies : I deeply regret to inform that during an affray at Burao yesterday between Rer Sugulleh and Akils of other tribes Captain Gibb was shot dead. Having called out Camel corps company to quell the disturbance, he went forward himself with his interperter, whereupon fire opened on him by some Rer segulleh riflemen and he was instantly killed..Miscreants then disappeared under
1620-477: The 1950s the city once again began to grow. Serving as the most important regional market hub, where livestock from the Hawd region as well as the city's south-western hinterlands was assembled and exported to Saudi Arabia, Burao grew rapidly and replaced Berbera as the second largest city of the Protectorate. Burao's rapid growth continued after independence in 1960. Burao regained its administrative importance as it
1701-623: The 1980s, which led to Isaaqs supporting the rebellion of the Somali National Movement. In May 1988, the Somali National Movement launched an offensive on the cities of Hargeisa and Burao, then the second and third largest cities of Somalia . The SNM captured Burao on 27 May within two hours, while the SNM entered Hargeisa on 29 May, overrunning most of the city apart from its airport by 1 June. During
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#17327973122571782-594: The Baha Deria leading I conflict still not being completely resolved. The Bah Makahil maintain a well respected pretender although the current Sultan Osman Ali Madar of the Baha Deria is considered as the Sultan of the Habr Yunis. From Till Amongst the Habr Yunis the traditional institution and leadership of the clan survived the British Somaliland period into present times. The Rer Ainashe Sultans although no longer ruling vast territory and with separate Habr Yunis subclans having their own Sultans still remain status
1863-535: The Berbera coastlands and ascending the escarpments of the great inland plateau, the convoy followed the valley of the Tug Dayr as far as Burao, capital of a powerful but friendly Habr Gerhaji sultan. Explorer Frank Linsly James , a guest of Sultan Awad Diiriye during his visit to Somaliland in 1884, describes a performance he witnessed by Habr Yunis Horsemen at Burao's Togdheer River . During our stay at Burao,
1944-631: The British in the interior against the Dervish the once defacto independent interior clans were brought under British administration and the Habr Yunis Sultanate would end. The Habr Yunis Sultanate had strong economy and controlled two routes to the major port of Berbera leading from the Jerato and Sheikh mountain passes into the Hawd and Ogaden country. The key city of Burao was the Trade
2025-518: The British troops as well as a number of Indian and South African troops perished in the clashes, and a policeman was injured. After his death, Sheikh Bashir was widely hailed by locals as a martyr and was held in great reverence. His family took quick action to remove his body from the place of his death at Geela-eeg mountain, about 20 miles from Burao. A secondary school in Burao, called the Sheikh Bashir Secondary School,
2106-444: The Habr Yunis subclans would come to make this decision on the successor. Sultans would receive a yearly tribute or saado of livestock imposed on the rest of the Habr Yunis. Sultan Osman Ali states that the Sultan distributed the livestock amongst the Habr Yunis to the less fortunate and needy as a form of welfare. The Habr Yunis Sultanate had eight rulers throughout its duration and the institution of Sultan still lasts today with
2187-472: The Hawd, the victorious Habr Yunis had captured the Sultan of the Rer Haroun Ogaden with many lives lost on both sides. The captured Sultan sent a message to Hersi saying as a notable he should be spared. In response, Hersi replied with Laba Gob Kii Beer Jilicsan Baa Jaba meaning, amongst two counterparts the soft-hearted shall perish and the captive Sultan was subsequently executed. Despite
2268-486: The SNM attack as follows: The Somali army reportedly responded to the SNM attacks in May 1988 with extreme force, inflicting heavy civilian casualties and damages to Hargeisa and Burao....The Somali military resorted to using artillery and aerial shelling in heavily populated urban centres in its effort to retake Burao and Hargeisa. A majority of the refugees we interviewed stated that their homes were destroyed by shelling despite
2349-725: The Sheikh pass and tax and administer the affairs of the Habr Yunis from the town. Following Sultan Deria's death in the 1850s his grandson Hersi Aman would come to succeed him and usher in an era of conquest. Hersi Aman belonged to the Bah Makahil section of the Sugulle dynasty. In 1870 he would launch the Rayyad Wars against the Darood of Hawd and Dollo which would continue intermittently from 1870 to 1940 and give birth to
2430-631: The Somaliland Water Development Agency installed new wells in the towns of Oog and Wadamago . In 2019, toxic Mesquite ( Prosopis juliflora ) bred and damaged livestock. In April 2019, two policemen were killed on the road connecting Garadag and Oog, causing an inter-clan struggle. 8°56′N 46°38′E / 8.933°N 46.633°E / 8.933; 46.633 Burao Burao , also spelt Bur'o or Bur'ao ( Burr- OH ; Somali : Burco , IPA: [Burˈʕo] , Arabic : برعو ),
2511-464: The Sultan collected a great many of his people together, and twice entertained us with some well-executed and characteristic evolutions on horseback. On the first occasion some forty mounted men were collected in the Tug before our zariba; but this did not satisfy the Sultan, and he arranged a second "fan- tasia", in which fully two hundred warriors were engaged. It was the best and most characteristic thing of
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2592-464: The Sultanate from his chosen capital of Burao and Nur from the Tuuyo plains and Oodweyne . Frank Linsly James visited Sultan Awad at Burao in 1884 and witnessed the dissenting situation between the two Sultans. Describing the political situation in the region and frequent raids between the two rival Rer Sugulleh factions and their allied Habr Yunis subclans It appeared the great Habr Gerhajis tribe
2673-404: The absence of SNM combatants from their neighbourhoods....The refugees told similar stories of bombings, strafings, and artillery shelling in both cities and, in Burao, the use of armored tanks. The majority saw their houses either damaged or destroyed by the shelling. Many reported seeing members of their families killed in the barrage.... Refugee interviews conducted by Africa Watch described how
2754-490: The air. Each warrior carried a short-handled whip with a broad raw hide thong, and with it lashed his steed unmercifully. Some of the riders went through regular circus feats, leaping from their horses when at full gallop, picking up objects thrown on the ground, and then remount- ing. After this had continued for some time they would gallop close to our zariba, and reining up, shout "Mort, mort" ("Welcome, welcome"), to which we replied, "Kul liban" ("Thanks"). The Dervish movement
2835-520: The architect of disturbances at Berbera and was the man who narrated the famous story of French Catholic missionaries in Berbera converting Somali children. According to the consul-general James Hayes Sadler this news was either spread or concocted by Sultan Nur of the Habr Yunis . Madar Hersi his former rival for the Sultan title had aided the Mullahs of Kob Fardod in recovering livestock that
2916-523: The caravan route in order to have a firm grip on trade and also ensure a steady stream of taxes from passing traders. New information would be passed along these trade routes and the Sultans would be well informed of occurrences as the Somalis have a penchant for being informed about things. Explorer Ricahrd Burton in his 1854 journey to Harar heard from local Somalis who told him the latest reports from
2997-418: The center of the city. According to reports by Human Rights Watch 's Africa Watch, the soldiers, upon entering the city, went on a rampage on 27 and 28 May. This included "dragging men out of their houses and shooting them at point blank range" and summary killing of civilians, the report also noted that "civilians of all ages who had gathered in the centre of town, or those standing outside their homes watching
3078-500: The central police station of Burao), Burao prison and a variety of government offices in the city. The SNM executed a number of Somali military officers and officials. After capturing Burao's central prison the SNM freed political prisoners (including schoolchildren). Somali troops subsequently retreated to their base in Goon Ad. After Somali troops retreated to Goon Ad , in the late afternoon, off-duty soldiers regrouped and entered
3159-492: The clan. The Dervish would declare war from Burao on September 1 of 1899. Madar was soon propagated as the legitimate Sultan by British authorities and managed the western sections of the clan throughout the period of the Dervish wars. Sultan Nur continued and would be heavily involved as a key figure of the Dervish movement and the main signatory of the Treaty of Illig in 1905 that granted them large tracts of today's Nugaal and
3240-511: The country between them. Awad was killed fighting in Ogaden by the Reer Ali. This allowed Nur to establish himself at Burao and rule over the entirety of the Habr Yunis. The Baha Deria still did not concede defeat and would eventually choose Awad's nephew, Madar Hersi , as their successor following Nur's death. Sultan Nur convened a shir of the Habr Yunis and decided to draw lots to settle
3321-503: The cover of darkness. In order to meet the situation created by the Murder of Gibb, we require two aeroplanes for about fourteen days. I have arranged with resident, Aden, for these. And made formal application, which please confirm. It is proposed they fly via Perim, confining sea crossing to 12 miles. We propose to inflict fine of 2,500 camels on implicated sections, who are practically isolated and demand surrender of man who killed Gibbs. He
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3402-489: The death of Geid my husband (your father) I often wake up in the middle of the night and feel his bed The good trick hit your father, who was as tall as a bouquet Warsame's strong arms have disheveled vultures Muhammad with the white shield rolled over like a wheel in the dust They threw the slender Muhammad into the thicket where the Spitz antelopes live They really did cut off Hersi's head (overthrew him); We have lost
3483-430: The death of Major Chamber's police guard before escaping to Bur Dhab , a strategic mountain south-east of Burao, where Sheikh Bashir's small unit occupied a fort and took up a defensive position in anticipation of a British counterattack. The British campaign against Sheikh Bashir's troops proved abortive after several defeats as his forces kept moving from place to place and avoiding any permanent location. No sooner had
3564-457: The development of its shoe industry and educational facilities. After Siad Barre took power in 1969, the Isaaq sub-clans felt more and more marginalized, as outsiders from the Darood clan dominated the political establishment of Burao. Most governors during Barre's time in office came from the South and belonged to Darood clans. Violent incidents against the Isaaq civilian population increased in
3645-483: The dispute with his challenger Madar Hersi rather than continue the senseless infighting that had lasted since Hersi Aman's death. Sultan Nur won the draw and gave Madar Hersi 100 camels as compensation and was proclaimed the uncontested Sultan of the Habr Yunis. The reunified rule under one Sultan Nur would last until the formation of the Dervish Movement several years later in 1899. Sultan Nur had been
3726-569: The edge of the open place put down the young ones They don't meet in an open place in good times After the death of Sultan Hersi Aman , the Baha Deria and Baha Makahil sections of the Sugulle dynasty vied for the Sultanship, which divided the Habr Yunis clan into two factions, the Baha Deria faction led by Guled Haji crowned Awad Deria a surviving son of the Sultan Deria Sugulleh . The Bah Makahil crowned Nur Ahmed Aman
3807-438: The events were killed on the spot. Among the victims were many students." There was also widespread looting by the soldiers, and some people were reportedly killed as a result. Following the first two days of the conflict, angered by the extent to which Isaaqs welcomed the SNM incursion, and frustrated by their inability to contain the SNM advance, the military started attacking the civilian population without restraint "as if it
3888-408: The expedition left the area, than the news traveled fast among the Somali nomads across the plain. The war had exposed the British administration to humiliation. The government came to a conclusion that another expedition against him would be useless; that they must build a railway, make roads and effectively occupy the whole of the protectorate, or else abandon the interior completely. The latter course
3969-472: The failure to implement the taxation without provoking a violent response, the British abandoned the policy altogether. The 1945 Sheikh Bashir Rebellion was a rebellion waged by tribesmen of the Habr Je'lo clan in the former British Somaliland protectorate against British authorities in July 1945 led by Sheikh Bashir , a Somali religious leader. On 2 July, Sheikh Bashir collected 25 of his followers in
4050-453: The fertility and greenery of the region, wild animals come to the area either to breed or to graze on the grassland savannah. Prominent animals found locally include the kudu , wild boar , zebra , Somali wild ass , warthog , antelope , the Somali sheep , wild goat , camel , and many different types of birds. Due south of Burao is a grassland savannah, which attracts many types of fauna to
4131-459: The fine." September 1, 1899. The people of Burao clashed with the British in 1922 after a heavy tax was imposed upon them. They revolted in opposition to the tax and this caused them to riot and attack British government officials. In the ensuing disturbances a shootout between the British and Burao residents broke out; Captain Allan Gibb, a Dervish war veteran and district commissioner, was shot and killed. The British, fearing they could not contain
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#17327973122574212-534: The following stern letter to Captain Cordeauxe and James Hayes Sadler: "This is to inform you that you have done whatever you have desired, and oppressed our well-known religion without any cause. Further, to inform you that whatever people bring to you they are liars and slanderers. Further, to inform you that Mahomed, your Akil, came to ask from us the arms we therefore, send you this letter. Now choose for yourself; if you want war we accept it, if you want peace pay
4293-471: The government separated the non-Isaaqs from the Isaaqs before the attack was initiated: As soon as the fighting broke out, the government used loudspeakers to sort the civilians out into Darood and Isaak. They would shout, "Who is from Galkayo ? Mogadishu ? Las Anod ? Garoe ?" [Non-Isaaq territory]. They appealed to the non-Isaaks to leave so they could burn the town and all those who remained behind. Most of
4374-481: The great successes of Hersi Aman and new territory acquired, the other branches of the Rer Sugule grew wary of his increasing power as a ruler and stood to challenge him, fearing his unchecked leadership. The wise Guled Haji , another prominent member and elder of the Rer Sugule, had a fallout with Sultan Hersi, and his son was killed by one of Hersis' sons. Hersi's son approached his father and implored him to pay
4455-403: The kind I had ever seen. A procession was first formed in the river's bed, and on a given signal all dashed off, brandishing their spears and shields. Dressed in tobes of many colours, and sitting loosely on their gaily caparisoned horses, they engaged in mimic contest with spear and shield, reining their horses upon their haunches when at full gallop, and with wild shouts flinging their spears into
4536-666: The larger ports such as Berbera and Zeila. Maydh was the preeminent export point for large hides the town had dialogue with Berbera with a large amount of cross trade occurring usually by dhow. As well alongside other northern Somalis and Isaaqs in particular, the Habr Yunis were significant traders in Yemen with Frederick Hunter giving an 1877 account of their trade. Somalis of the Habr Gerhajis tribe arrive from Ogadain with feathers, myrrh, gum, sheep, cattle, and ghee, carrying away in exchange piece goods; they also make four trips in
4617-613: The leaders Following Hersi's death, the Rer Sugule gathered and the issue of compensation for the Sultan's death was a pressing issue. The conflict originally starting because no compensation had been paid to Guled Haji for his son. They decided that none would be paid and they would try to put this conflict to rest. Maxamed Bulxan's poem touches on the unique nature of the meeting Beenowdey Habar Yoonistii bu'aha waallayde Reer Sugulle gooddiga bankuu baarcaddii dhigaye Iyana baarax uma soo shiraan beri samaagiiye The Habr Yunis who became false with their fighting talk The Rer Sugule at
4698-444: The making, the market has two main halls and can accommodate more than 2000 merchants. Burao's landscape is semi-desert and fairly flat. The Togdheer River runs through the town. It is often dry but subject to flooding. The river divides the city in half, and can be crossed via a newly built bridge in the city center. Weather in Burao, much like other inland towns in Somaliland, is very warm to hot and dry year-round. The city has
4779-613: The mayor and others attended the event. In August 2013, fighting broke out between clans in the Oog region, resulting in deaths. A delegation led by the Somaliland Minister of Interior was sent to intercede. At that time, it took only three days to resolve the issue through the efforts of national elders and others. In January 2014, a murder in the Oog neighborhood led to fighting in Gowsaweyne between Sa'ad Yonis and Jama Siyad that resulted in deaths. In November 2018,
4860-469: The native township were turned out of their houses, and the entire area was razed by a combination of bombing, machine-gun fire and burning. After the RAF aircraft bombed Burao to the ground, the leaders of the rebellion acquiesced, agreeing to pay a fine for Gibb's death, but they refused to identify and apprehend the accused individuals. Most of the men responsible for Gibb's shooting evaded capture. In light of
4941-727: The nearby town of Yiroowe being home to two of the largest livestock markets, known in Somali as seylado in the Horn of Africa , with as many as 10,000 heads of sheep and goats sold daily in the city. Burao's livestock market is also the most important livestock market in Somaliland as well as Somalia. The city's central location serves as a hub that connects the nomadic interior of Somaliland and major cities like Erigavo , Aynaba and Las Anod to Somaliland's capital Hargeisa and its main port in Berbera . The central location of Burao has contributed to its economic revival. Goods travelling to
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#17327973122575022-500: The offensive the Somali National Army committed gross human rights violations, including attacking the civilian population using heavy artillery and tanks. Almost immediately SNM fighters took over the military compound at Burao airport where the majority of Somali army soldiers were stationed, the military compound at Goon Ad ( Somali : Goon Cad ) in the outskirts of the city, as well as two police stations (including
5103-518: The ongoing Crimean War . The capitals of Wadhan and Burao served as important watering places for both merchants and nomads alike and access to them was crucial for orderly trade from the Hawd and Ogaden regions to Berbera . According to the current Sultan Osman Ali , the oldest son of a Sultan is the rightful heir, but if he does not fill the requirements another son can be selected. A Sultan has to be religious, an eloquent speaker, courageous, and has to be fertile. A guurti of 40 leading elders from
5184-522: The people from these towns left; the government provided them with transportation. Somali Air Force aircraft started intense aerial bombardment of Burao on Tuesday 31 May. Burao, then the third largest city in Somalia was "razed to the ground", and most of its inhabitants fled the country to seek refuge in Ethiopia. Foreign aid workers who fled the fighting confirmed that Burao was "emptied out" as
5265-594: The port of Eyl from the Italians to use. Following Sultan Nur's death in 1907 he was entombmed in Taleh the headquarters of the movement and his son Dolal Nur was crowned by the Dervish Habr Yunis clans while Sultan Madar Hersi the more established and powerful of the two eventually would become the uncontested Sultan as Dolal died prematurely in 1917 and left no heirs. With the widespread involvement of
5346-458: The real estate market, further contributing to the development and growth of the city. Burao was reorganized and restructured massively during the 1970s, and with the migration of locals to the Gulf states , where the oil boom had opened up new job opportunities, Burao's vibrant land market was stimulated further as their savings were often invested in real estate. The city's growth was also caused by
5427-737: The region, including lions and leopards. Burao has a working bus system. Air transportation needs are served by the Burao Airport , which offers flights via Daallo Airlines to Hargeisa and other cities in the Horn of Africa , as well as international locations such as Addis Ababa and San'aa . As of 2012, the airport's facilities are undergoing major renovations, supervised by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Habr Yunis Sultanate The Habr Yunis Sultanate ( Somali : Saldanadda Habar Yoonis , Arabic : سلطنة هبر يونس )
5508-568: The revolt, requested that Secretary of State for the Colonies Sir Winston Churchill send troops from Aden and bomber aircraft in order to bomb Burao and the livestock of the revolting clans to quell any further rebellion. The RAF planes arrived at Burao within two days and proceeded to bomb the town with incendiaries, effectively burning the entire settlement to the ground. Telegram from Sir Geoffrey Archer , Governor of British Somaliland to Sir Winston Churchill
5589-496: The season; they remain for less than a month, and during their stay reside with fellow-tribesmen, taking their meals in the mokhbâzah or eating-house. Sultans of the Habr Yunis exercised power both indirectly and directly through allied Akils and leaders of the various subclans of the wider clan and by leading the Habr Yunis in battle against rivals. The seat of Habr Yunis Sultans was deliberately chosen in Wadhan and later Burao along
5670-404: The south, central and eastern parts of Somaliland all depart from the city's outskirts. Rural merchants also sell their produce on a daily basis, which attracts business. This along with the main livestock market of the city fuels Burao's economy. In 2007, Burao's city authority (in conjunction with development organizations and local traders) opened the Burco Meat and Produce complex. One year in
5751-436: The town of Wadamago and transported them on a lorry to the vicinity of Burao, where he distributed arms to half of his followers. On the evening of 3 July, the group entered Burao and opened fire on the police guard of the central prison in the city, which was filled with prisoners arrested for previous demonstrations. The group also attacked the house of the district commissioner of Burao District , Major Chambers, resulting in
5832-896: The traditional mag compensation to Guled for the loss of his child. Hersi arrogantly rebuffed his son and all-out conflict would break out between Ba Awal (Hersi's branch) and Baho Sugule branches of the Rer Sugule. The Sultan Hersi himself would be killed in battle after some early clashes and later his commander Warsame would also fall. Warsame's sister lamented to her son Ali for the loss of Hersi, her husband Geid and other relatives in this poem recorded separately by both Phillip Paulitschke and Robecchi Brichetti . Calow gaydha waxa iigu wacan geeridaan qabo'e Caawaba gelin dhexaadkaan hadba gogosha taabtaaye Gamas baa ku dhacay aabahaa goraygii dheeraaye Gacmo jeedlaow Warsamaey gudurii siiyeene Gaashaan-cade Muxumed bay giringirsheen meele Maxamed Golaxley dhigeen geedkii Lebi-Cawle Xirsigi madaxa ahaa waa gawraceen gacal ha waayaane O Ali, I lament
5913-601: Was a Somali kingdom that ruled parts of the Horn of Africa during the 18th century. It spanned the territories of the Habr Yunis clan which is part of the wider Isaaq in modern day Somaliland and Ethiopia . The sultanate was governed by the Rer Ainanshe branch of the Habr Yunis clan. The Habr Yunis Sultanate finds its roots in the Isaaq Sultanate which was established by the Rer Guled branch of
5994-563: Was agreed that Northern Somalia (formerly State of Somaliland ) would revoke its voluntary union with the rest of Somalia to form the " Republic of Somaliland ". The conference was concluded with formation of an interim administration whereby Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur was elected to govern for a period of two years. Burao's population has grown rapidly since its establishment. In 1962, Somalia's statistical service estimated Burao's population to be 12,600. This rose to 20,000 in 1994, 180,211 in 2005, and 230,000 in 2015. As of 2023, Burao has
6075-619: Was decided upon, and during the first months of 1945, the advance posts were withdrawn and the British administration confined to the coast town of Berbera . Sheikh Bashir settled many disputes among the tribes in the vicinity, which kept them from raiding each other. He was generally thought to settle disputes through the use of Islamic Sharia and gathered around him a strong following. The British administration recruited Indian and South African troops, led by police general James David, to fight against Sheikh Bashir and had intelligence plans to capture him alive. The British authorities mobilized
6156-457: Was divided into two rival factions, the one owning allegiance to Sultan Owd, the other to his cousin, Sultan Noor. Between these two the country was about evenly divided, and the border-line was an everlasting scene of wars and rumours of wars, cattle raids, and attempted murders. The Haber-Gerhajis tribe had formerly been under one Sultan and were very powerful, making frequent raids into Ogadayn, but on his death, two cousins, Awad and Nur, divided
6237-490: Was founded in Burao in 1899. In the end of late August of that year the Dervish leaders and their clan followers assembled at Burao, Mohammed Abdullah Hassan with his followers from the Dhulbahante , the various Habar Jeclo sub clans with their principle headman Haji Sudi , and Sultan Nur Ahmed Aman with his followers from the Habr Yunis clan, declared open hostility. The assembled dervish and their clan allies sent
6318-546: Was made the capital of the Togdheer region, which at the time encompassed today's Togdheer , Sool and Sanaag regions. Burao was also during this time the third largest city of Somalia after Mogadishu and Hargeisa. With the opening of a local branch of the Somali Commercial Bank , livestock traders gained access to credits and further expanded their business activities by investing their profits in
6399-406: Was previously looted by some of the Habr Yunis and this reignited after receiving aid from the Mullahs there notably Mohammed Abdullah Hassan . Upon his visit to Oodweyne in July 1899 Sultan Nur convened a great shir of the western Habr Yunis clans and called on them to join the new Dervish movement and upon their refusal he would leave to Burao and successfully rallied the eastern sections of
6480-407: Was significant and bolstered during the period that a Habr Yunis man Sharmarke Ali Saleh had established himself as Emir of Berbera and Zeila . The eastern sections of the Habr Yunis had coastal access and several ports of their own. They attained a lot of frankincense in the mountains south of Maydh and Harshaw. Arab and Banyan merchants would visit Maydh for commerce before continuing on to
6561-473: Was the enemy". The military used "heavy artillery and tanks, causing severe damage, both to civilians and to property. Bazookas , machine guns, hand grenades and other weapons of mass destruction were also directed against civilian targets in Hargeisa which had also been attacked as well as in Burao." A United States Congressional General Accounting Office team reported the Somali government's response to
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