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44-526: [REDACTED] Look up obad in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Obad may refer to: Obad, Romania , a village administered by the town of Ciacova , Timiș County, Romania Obad (surname) , a South Slavic surname Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Obad . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

88-570: A century. The Tisza River is part of the Danube River catchment area. It is the tributary with the largest catchment area (~157,000 km ). It accounts for more than 19% of the Danube river basin. The Tisza water system is shared by five countries: Ukraine (8%), Slovakia (10%), Hungary (29%), Romania (46%) and Serbia (7%). The Tisza River Basin area and average discharge (period from 1946–2006) by country The 1800–2500 m high ridge of

132-522: A climatological point of view, Ciacova is part of the Tisa climate, i.e., a moderate continental climate with slight influences of the Mediterranean and oceanic climates, with relatively mild winters and hot but not excessively dry summers. The average annual temperature is 11.1 °C (52.0 °F), and the frequency of warm years is higher than that of cool years, due to the fact that Ciacova

176-622: A long siege, but, according to one hypothesis, the Serbs, who had long been at enmity with the Hungarian chatelaines, betrayed the secrets of the fortress to the Turks. It is true that in this way they prevented the destruction of the fortress and the locality. The Turks built a veritable Turkish quarter in the town, superimposed approximately today by the Fortress' Square, on the land abandoned after

220-485: A network of canals, making it difficult to conquer. In 1395, brothers Miklós and György Csáky gave the fortress to King Sigismund of Luxembourg in exchange for property in Transylvania. Miklós even became voivode of Transylvania, and his son Ulászló baptized Matthias Corvinus , the future king of Hungary. On 18 September 1551, Ciacova is conquered by the Turks. The defenders of the fortress were prepared to withstand

264-755: Is known as the Tibisco in Italian , and in older French references (as for instance in relation to the naval battles on the Danube between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Empire in the 17th and 18th centuries) it is often referred to as the Tibisque . Another theory is that it is derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic *teišus meaning still, quiet, silent to describe the river. Modern names for

308-643: Is located in the Timiș Plain, on Timișul Mort River , about 28 km (17 mi) southwest of Timișoara . The relief is flat, with a slight inclination to the southwest in the divagation area of Banat rivers to the Tisa . The Timiș Plain is an accumulation plain originally connected to the Pannonian Plain , formed in the Quaternary by the waters that clogged the Pannonian Lake . This lake

352-708: Is located on the left bank of Timișul Mort . Timișul Mort ("Dead Timiș") is the old and natural valley of the Timiș River in the puszta area of Banat. It "died" in the 18th century with the drainage of the Banat swamps, when the Austro-Hungarian Empire artificially created the current anthropic valley of the Timiș by Cebza, Macedonia, etc. Timișul Mort is today a swampy area with small waterholes, ponds full of helophyte plants, rushes, reeds, duckweeds, etc. From

396-666: Is south of the annual isotherm of 11 °C. The warmest month is July. The coldest month is January, with an average multiannual temperature of −2.6 °C (27.3 °F). The winds are determined by the development of baric systems that cross the Banat Plain. These baric systems are: the Azores High , the (winter) Siberian High , the Icelandic Low and the Mediterranean Low. In Ciacova, the dominant winds are

440-690: The Carpathian Mountains create in a semi circle the northern, eastern and southeastern boundary of the Tisza catchment. The western - southwestern reach of the watershed is comparatively low in some places – on its Hungarian and Serbian parts it is almost flat. The area is divided roughly along the centreline by the Carpathians Mountains , east of which lies the 400–600 m high plateau of the Transylvanian Basin , and

484-459: The Danube near the village of Stari Slankamen in Vojvodina , Serbia . The Tisza drains an area of about 156,087 km (60,266 sq mi) and has a length of 966 km (600 mi) Its mean annual discharge is seasonally 792 m /s (28,000 cu ft/s) to 1,050 m /s (37,000 cu ft/s). It contributes about 13% of the Danube's total runoff . Attila

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528-521: The European Union , this distinction was lifted and vessels were allowed on the Tisza. Conditions of navigation differ with the circumstances: when the river is in flood, it is often unnavigable, just as it is at times of extreme drought. The Tisza has a rich and varied wildlife. Over 200 species of birds reside in the bird reserve of Tiszafüred. The flood plains along the river boast large amounts of diverse plant and animal life. In particular,

572-627: The Kingdom of Hungary . Today, it crosses several national borders. The Tisza begins near Rakhiv in Ukraine , at the confluence of the White Tisa  [ uk ] and Black Tisa  [ uk ] , which is at coordinates 48°4′29″N 24°14′40″E  /  48.07472°N 24.24444°E  / 48.07472; 24.24444 (the former springs in the Chornohora mountains ;

616-758: The Slovak Republic is predominantly hilly area and the highest mountain peak in Kráľova hoľa - in the Low Tatras Mountain Range at 1948 m. The lowland area lies in the south, forming the northern edge of the Hungarian Lowland . The lowest point in the Slovak Republic is the village of Streda nad Bodrogom in the eastern Slovak lowland (96 m) in the Bodrog River Basin. The Hungarian and Vojvodina ( Serbia ) part of

660-458: The 18th century, Francesco Griselini  [ it ] mentioned the existence of Quercus forests in this area, with the predominance of sessile oak . Today these forests have been cleared. However, a small patch of forest can still be seen in the village of Macedonia, near the Timiș River. The species here include: Quercus robur , Ulmus glabra , Fraxinus excelsior , Acer campestre , Carpinus betulus , etc. The undergrowth in

704-737: The 1970s, the building of the Tisza Dam at Kisköre started with the purpose of helping to control floods as well as storing water for drought seasons. However, the resulting Lake Tisza became one of the most popular tourist destinations in Hungary since it had similar features to Lake Balaton at drastically cheaper prices and was not crowded. The Tisza is navigable over much of its course. The river opened up for international navigation only recently; before, Hungary distinguished "national rivers" and "international rivers", indicating whether non-Hungarian vessels were allowed or not. After Hungary joined

748-656: The Atlantic, to which is added the thermal convection that develops large cumulonimbus clouds from which heavy rains fall. The average number of snowy days is 20 annually. The first snow falls around 29 November, and the last around 14 March (106 days). Ciacova is located in the forest-steppe area. Here are plants that belong to the Eurasian, Central European, continental, Mediterranean and Balkan floristic elements. The natural vegetation has been largely changed due to human intervention, being replaced by agricultural crops. In

792-512: The Danube and settled in southern Hungary and Banat; this is how the first Serbs appeared in Ciacova. They formed a separate settlement near the existing town, named Tót-Csák in Hungarian or Csakova in Serbian. Tót means "Slovak" in Hungarian, but Tótorság means Slavonia , as most settlers were Serbs from Drava – Sava area. Between 1392–1395, a fortress was built here, surrounded by

836-732: The Hun is said to have been buried under a diverted section of the river Tisza. The river was known as the Tisia in antiquity ; other ancient names for it included Pathissus ( Πάθισσος in Ancient Greek and later Tissus (in Latin )), ( Pliny , Naturalis historia , 4.25). It may be referred to as the Theiss in older English references, after the German name for the river, Theiß . It

880-561: The Pechenegs and Cumans. In 1285, as a result of the Cuman revolution, Ciacova was liberated again and returned to Miklós Csák. It is very probable that the settlement was re-established at that time, because in the papal tithe records of 1332–1333, Ciacova already had the status of a rural commune. After 1389, when the battle of Kosovo Polje took place on 28 June, the Serbs were defeated by the Turks, and thousands of Serb families fled across

924-651: The Tisza River Basin is a flat area bordered by small ranges of hills and mountains from the north and dominated by the Hungarian lowland . Important hydrographic stations along the Tisza River (full list) kilometer (rkm) (m) (km ) (m /s) Period: 1971–2000 Average, minimum and maximum discharge of the Tisza River at Tiszabecs (Upper Tisza), Szolnok (Middle Tisza) and Senta (Lower Tisza). The following rivers are tributaries to

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968-473: The Tisza in the languages of the countries it flows through include: The length of the Tisza in Hungary used to be 1,419 km (882 mi). It flowed through the Great Hungarian Plain , which is one of the largest flat areas in central Europe. Since plains can cause a river to flow very slowly, the Tisza used to follow a path with many curves and turns, which led to many large floods in

1012-402: The area. After several small-scale attempts, István Széchenyi organised the "regulation of the Tisza" ( Hungarian : a Tisza szabályozása ) which started on August 27 1846, and substantially ended in 1880. The new length of the river in Hungary was reduced to 966 km (600 mi) in total, with 589 km (366 mi) of dead channels and 136 km (85 mi) of new riverbed. In

1056-420: The black plowed land; these are the so-called salt marshes . In the Ciacova area, the surface of the various forms of microrelief is occupied 85% by field, 2.5% by cenotes , 3% by valleys, 2% by terraces, 1% by riverbed sands, 0.8% by dry lakes, 0.5% by floodplain and 5.2% by roads, streets and ditches. Hydrologically, the territory of Ciacova belongs to the reception basin of Timiș . More precisely, Ciacova

1100-552: The command of Count Wolf of Oettingen , the Ciacova Fortress was destroyed, leaving only the culă (defense tower). The conquest of Banat by the Habsburgs brought a new direction for the development of the small market town. After 1722, the town was heavily colonized by Germans (Swabians) but also Austrians, Czechs, Slovaks, Luxembourgers, Croats, etc. The first Catholic church was built in 1733. But because Ciacova

1144-528: The field can be found crawlers like lizards , and in the waters batrachians such as green frog and moor frog . In the dead arms of Timiș, on Timișul Mort and in Timiș there are fish: carp , pike , rudd , Prussian carp , etc. Ciacova first appears in written history in 1220, when Count Bebich named a certain Chak in his will. The old name is of Hungarian origin and comes from the Csák family . The history of

1188-431: The forest has as representatives: Crataegus monogyna , Corylus avellana , Prunus spinosa , Cornus sanguinea , Euonymus europaeus , Ligustrum vulgare , hanging plants ( Hedera helix , Clematis vitalba ), etc. Gramineae predominate in the grassy layer: Poa pratensis , Festuca pratensis , Dactylis glomerata , etc. Along the Timiș and Timișul Mort there are remains of riverside coppices, but in

1232-492: The latter in the Gorgany range). From there, the Tisza flows west, roughly following Ukraine 's borders with Romania and Hungary , then briefly as the border between Slovakia and Hungary, before entering into Hungary, and finally into Serbia . The Tisza enters Hungary at Tiszabecs , traversing the country from north to south. A few kilometers south of the Hungarian city of Szeged , it enters Serbia . Finally, it joins

1276-408: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obad&oldid=1146507723 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Ciacova In both Romanian and Hungarian vocabularies, there are

1320-549: The locality is related to this family, which had extensive estates in the counties of Csanád , Arad , Temes and Zaránd . Some representatives of the family played an important role in the medieval history of Hungary, such as Ugrin Csák , who was metropolitan of Esztergom and prefect of Csanád. The invasion of the Tatars shattered the links of the settlement with the Csák family, and after its destruction, King Béla IV gave it to

1364-477: The meadows there are species of Salix alba , Salix × fragilis , rarely Salix purpurea , Rosa canina and Robinia pseudoacacia . The grassy vegetation in the meadow consists of forage plants: Agrostis gigantea , Lolium perenne , etc. High humidity develops mesophilic and hydrophilic species: Juncus effusus , Carex acuta , Cyperus fuscus , etc. In ponds predominate: Phragmites australis , Typha angustifolia , Iris pseudacorus , etc. In

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1408-556: The meadows, isolated specimens of Prunus spinosa and Rosa canina can be found. The pastures in the meadow are of good quality, providing the green mass for the animals. Among the mammals, rodents predominate: hamster , mole rat , hare , otter , ground squirrel , then polecat , fox , badger and wild boar (in Macedonia Forest). Among the raptors are: buzzard , northern goshawk , etc. There are many species of galliformes , passerines and ciconiiformes . In

1452-646: The names ceacău (in Romanian ), csákó (in Hungarian ) and csák (in Old Hungarian ): Some local historians claim that the name comes from a Dacian word, ending in "-ava" and therefore Ciacava . However, no documents or other evidence can be found to support this thesis. In 1808 János Lipszky  [ hu ; de ] claims that the name Ciacova comes from the Romanian language, but does not provide evidence in support of this statement. Ciacova

1496-774: The plains to the west. The highest summits of the river basin reach 1948 m in the Low Tatras ( Kráľova hoľa ), 2061 m in the Chornogora Mountains ( Hoverla ), 2303 m in the Rodna Mountains (Pietrosul Rodnei) and even higher in the Retezat Mountains of the Southern Carpathians ( Peleaga , 2509 m). Areas above elevations higher than 1600 m occupy only 1% of the total; 46% of the territory lies below 200 m. The Tisza River Basin in

1540-480: The population, religious affiliation is unknown. The economy has the characteristics of a small industrial-agricultural plain town. The light, textile and food industries are present here. Milling, fruit growing and animal husbandry are also developed. Ciacova is twinned with: Tisza The Tisza , Tysa or Tisa , is one of the major rivers of Central and Eastern Europe . It was once called "the most Hungarian river" because it used to flow entirely within

1584-642: The retreat of the Hungarians, south of the fortress. The Ciacova Fortress had a minor strategic importance for the Turks, being located "25 days on horseback" from Istanbul, the capital of the Ottoman Empire. For this reason, the fortress was left to ruin. In 1698–1699 Hamin Pasha brings settlers from Transylvania to Banat, and therefore to Ciacova. Following the Treaty of Karlowitz on 26 January 1699, under

1628-524: The southwest ones. Due to the cyclonic activity and the humid air invasions from the west, the southwest and the northwest, in Banat the precipitations are more abundant than in the Wallachian Plain . In the Ciacova area the average annual precipitation amount is 588 mm (23.1 in). The season with the richest rainfall is summer, then spring, autumn and winter. Heavy rains during the summer are due to cyclones and humid air masses coming from

1672-662: The status of a plain town ( oppidum ). In 1807, the Ciacova-based Religious Fund was established, which aimed to colonize Hungarians in the Győr , Moson and Szeged areas. But the Hungarians did not become as numerous as the Romanians and Germans. The latter left the town en masse until 1992. Throughout its history, Ciacova has been a seat of district, plasă , raion and plain town. According to Law no. 83/2004 , starting with April 2004, Ciacova received

1716-544: The status of town. Ethnic composition (2011) Religious composition (2011) Ciacova had a population of 5,348 inhabitants at the 2011 census, up 0.9% from the 2002 census. Most inhabitants are Romanians (79.77%), larger minorities being represented by Hungarians (6.23%), Roma (4.28%), Germans (1.65%) and Serbs (1.23%). For 6.23% of the population, ethnicity is unknown. By religion, most inhabitants are Orthodox (76.8%), but there are also minorities of Roman Catholics (9.78%) and Pentecostals (4.97%). For 6.21% of

1760-465: The time as the most serious environmental disaster to hit central Europe since the Chernobyl disaster . Usage of river water for any purpose was temporarily banned and the Hungarian government pressed the Romanians and the European Union to close all installations that could lead to further pollution. Examination of river sediments indicates that pollution incidents from mines have occurred for over

1804-537: The yearly "flowering" of the Tisza is considered a local natural wonder. The flowering attracts vast numbers of mayflies which is a well known spectacle. In September 2020, colonies of magnificent bryozoans were discovered in the river. In early 2000, there was a sequence of serious pollution incidents originating from accidental industrial discharges in Romania. The first, in January 2000, occurred when there

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1848-487: Was a release of sludge containing cyanide from a Romanian mine and killed 2000 tons of fish. The second, from a mine pond at Baia Borsa, northern Romania, resulted in the release of 20,000 m (710,000 cu ft) of sludge containing zinc , lead and copper occurred in early March 2000. A week later, the third spill occurred at the same mining site at Baia Borsa, staining the river black, possibly including heavy metals. This series of incidents were described at

1892-557: Was formed by the sinking of a part of the Carpathians in the Mesozoic . There is only slight dishevelment in the plain. There are small depressions ( cenotes ), remnants of lakes, ponds or swamps that existed here until the 18th century, when the Austro-Hungarian Empire executed a vast plan of drainage and damming. Today, the remains of these ponds can be seen in the field in the form of slightly deepened circles that are whiter than

1936-503: Was repeatedly attacked by the Turks, many settlers left here. Colonization continued and in 1768 Ciacova adopted German as its official language. After 1787, 126 Slovak families were colonized, forming for a long time a large ethnic community and from which the present-day Slovak Street is preserved. At first Ciacova had been run by two separate town halls; in 1820 the German and Serbian town halls were reunited, and since 1823 Ciacova has had

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