11-496: Obaichthyidae is an extinct family of ginglymodian ray-finned fish that lived in what is now Africa , South America , and southern Europe during the Cretaceous period ( Aptian – Cenomanian ages). They were close relatives of the modern gars of the family Lepisosteidae , with the two groups making up the superfamily Lepisosteoidea . They closely resembled gars, with one difference being their spiny scales, leading to
22-445: A juvenile obaichthyid, possibly a junior synonym of Obaichthys , though this has been disputed based on the complete ossification of the bones indicating full maturity and the absence of important holostean characters. [REDACTED] This article about a prehistoric ray-finned fish is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Family (biology) Family ( Latin : familia , pl. : familiae )
33-554: A lack of widespread consensus within the scientific community for extended periods. The continual publication of new data and diverse opinions plays a crucial role in facilitating adjustments and ultimately reaching a consensus over time. The naming of families is codified by various international bodies using the following suffixes: The taxonomic term familia was first used by French botanist Pierre Magnol in his Prodromus historiae generalis plantarum, in quo familiae plantarum per tabulas disponuntur (1689) where he called
44-499: Is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". The delineation of what constitutes a family— or whether a described family should be acknowledged— is established and decided upon by active taxonomists . There are not strict regulations for outlining or acknowledging a family, yet in the realm of plants, these classifications often rely on both the vegetative and reproductive characteristics of plant species. Taxonomists frequently hold varying perspectives on these descriptions, leading to
55-485: Is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy . It is classified between order and genus . A family may be divided into subfamilies , which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae , but that family
66-477: The Genera Plantarum of George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker this word ordo was used for what now is given the rank of family. Families serve as valuable units for evolutionary, paleontological, and genetic studies due to their relatively greater stability compared to lower taxonomic levels like genera and species. Pierre Magnol Too Many Requests If you report this error to
77-521: The African Obaichthys species also being known from southern Europe. The family was erected in 2010 by Lance Grande to include the genera Dentilepisosteus and Obaichthys . In 2012, it was defined as a stem-based taxon containing all taxa more closely related to Obaichthys than to the genera Lepisosteus , Pliodetes or Lepidotes . Afrocascudo , initially described as the earliest known armored catfish , might represent
88-636: The common name spiny gars . They also differ from extant gars in their highly specialized jaws, with a mobile maxilla & a reduced lower jaw leading to a prominent overbite, teeth concentrated at the tip, and a very small gape, indicating that they likely fed on small invertebrates, in contrast to all lepisosteids which are adapted to feed on other vertebrates. Like modern gars, they appear to have preferred freshwater & brackish environments but were tolerant of marine conditions, allowing them to disperse across oceanic habitats. Both confirmed genera have respective species in both South America and Africa, with
99-540: The family as a rank intermediate between order and genus was introduced by Pierre André Latreille in his Précis des caractères génériques des insectes, disposés dans un ordre naturel (1796). He used families (some of them were not named) in some but not in all his orders of "insects" (which then included all arthropods ). In nineteenth-century works such as the Prodromus of Augustin Pyramus de Candolle and
110-575: The seventy-six groups of plants he recognised in his tables families ( familiae ). The concept of rank at that time was not yet settled, and in the preface to the Prodromus Magnol spoke of uniting his families into larger genera , which is far from how the term is used today. In his work Philosophia Botanica published in 1751, Carl Linnaeus employed the term familia to categorize significant plant groups such as trees , herbs , ferns , palms , and so on. Notably, he restricted
121-549: The use of this term solely within the book's morphological section, where he delved into discussions regarding the vegetative and generative aspects of plants. Subsequently, in French botanical publications, from Michel Adanson 's Familles naturelles des plantes (1763) and until the end of the 19th century, the word famille was used as a French equivalent of the Latin ordo (or ordo naturalis ). In zoology ,
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