Oberburg is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland .
63-734: Oberburg may refer to: Oberburg, Bern , a municipality in Switzerland Gornji Grad, Gornji Grad (German: Oberburg ), a town in Slovenia Oberburg, Kobern , a hill castle in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany Boosenburg , Hesse, Germany Part of Regensberg Castle , Regensberg, Switzerland See also [ edit ] All pages with titles beginning with Oberburg All pages with titles containing Oberburg Inner bailey , or inner ward,
126-548: A benefice from the papacy. In his March 1075 Dictatus Papae , Pope Gregory VII declared that only the pope could depose an emperor, which implied that he could do so just as a lord might take a benefice away from a vassal. This declaration inflamed Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV and furthered the friction caused in the Investiture Conflict . The expanded practice continued through the Middle Ages within
189-416: A benefice did not necessarily imply a cure of souls although each benefice had a number of spiritual duties attached to it. For providing these duties, a priest would receive " temporalities " . Benefices were used for the worldly support of much of its pastoral clergy – clergy gaining rewards for carrying out their duties with rights to certain revenues, the "fruits of their office". The original donor of
252-529: A direct consequence, systematic non-residence on the part of many incumbents, and delegation of their spiritual duties in respect of their cures of souls to assistant curates . The evils attendant on this system were found to be so great that the Pluralities Act 1838 ( 1 & 2 Vict. c. 106) was passed to abridge the holding of benefices in plurality, requiring that no person should hold under any circumstances more than two benefices and such privilege
315-441: A population (as of December 2020 ) of 2,937. As of 2010 , 15.3% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of 3.3%. Migration accounted for 1.9%, while births and deaths accounted for 2.1%. Most of the population (as of 2000 ) speaks German (2,459 or 89.7%) as their first language, Serbo-Croatian is the second most common (82 or 3.0%) and Italian
378-409: A presentee to a benefice) in the ecclesiastical courts or to a quare impedit in the common law courts , and the bishop must then certify the reasons of his refusal. In the rare cases where the patron happens to be a clergyman ( a clerk in orders ) and wishes to be admitted to the benefice of his own advowson , he must proceed by way of petition instead of by deed of presentation , reciting that
441-698: A scheme to divide the land between them. The main road through the Emmental passed through Oberburg and brought businesses and industry to the village. It was home to a hammer mill in the 17th century, wire mills in 1672 and 1761, a scythe factory in 1771 and a fulling factory in 1787. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Burgdorf made it very difficult for non-citizens of the town to settle or open businesses, so many entrepreneurs settled in Oberburg instead. In response, Burgdorf attempted to suppress businesses and industry in Oberburg. In 1698 they tried to close
504-439: A series of published statutes called capitularies . The Capitulary of Herstal (AD 779) distinguished between his vassals who were styled casati (sing. casatus ) and non-casati , that is those subjects who had received a benefice from the hand of the king and those who had not, and towards the end of Charlemagne's reign it appears that a royal vassal who had satisfactorily fulfilled his duties could always look forward to
567-512: A settlement in the area are some Roman era coins which were found at Pfaugarten. Other traces of settlements include a fortification at Bachholen, a pass road from the Aare valley into the Emme valley and earthworks at Waldbrueder. While these three sides predate surviving records, their exact age is unknown. The village took its name from the upper castle ( German : Oberburg ) which stood on
630-414: A temporal lord or patron but relief for that oppression could be found under canon law ). Some individual institutions within the church accumulated enormous endowments and, with that, temporal power. These endowments sometimes concentrated great wealth in the mortmain ("dead hand") of the church, so called because it endured beyond any individual's life. The church was exempt from some or all taxes. This
693-437: A total of 1,079 apartments (89.4% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 71 apartments (5.9%) were seasonally occupied and 57 apartments (4.7%) were empty. As of 2010 , the construction rate of new housing units was 7.6 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2011 , was 2.39%. The historical population is given in the following chart: The Staldenhof house at Untere Oschwandstrasse 38
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#1732801703271756-421: Is either rivers or lakes and 0.02 km (4.9 acres) or 0.1% is unproductive land. Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 4.7% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.8%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 2.1%. Out of the forested land, 32.2% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.1% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 19.8%
819-409: Is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship . During the 2010–11 school year, there were a total of 330 students attending classes in Oberburg. There were 3 kindergarten classes with a total of 54 students in
882-700: Is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance . The hamlets of Brittenwald and Rohrmoos are part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites . In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 41.1% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (16.2%), the Social Democratic Party (SP) (15.3%) and
945-413: Is required to be tendered by the clerk, but the bishop having satisfied himself of the sufficiency of the clerk, collates him to the benefice and office. A bishop need not personally institute or collate a clerk; he may issue a fiat to his vicar-general or to a special commissary for that purpose. After the bishop or his commissary has instituted the presentee, he issues a mandate under seal, addressed to
1008-577: Is termed pluralism (unrelated to the political theory of the same name ). An English example was Stigand , Archbishop of Canterbury (1052–72). After the Reformation , the new denominations generally adopted systems of ecclesiastical polity that did not entail benefices and the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) called "for the abandonment or reform of the system of benefices". The French Revolution replaced France's system by
1071-489: Is the third (57 or 2.1%). There are 12 people who speak French and 1 person who speaks Romansh . As of 2008 , the population was 48.7% male and 51.3% female. The population was made up of 1,176 Swiss men (40.8% of the population) and 226 (7.8%) non-Swiss men. There were 1,264 Swiss women (43.9%) and 215 (7.5%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 842 or about 30.7% were born in Oberburg and lived there in 2000. There were 1,170 or 42.7% who were born in
1134-577: Is used for growing crops and 34.3% is pastures, while 1.7% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. The village stretches along the left bank of the Emme River (except for Schachen- and Uferanteil) in the Luterbachgraben (Luter creek valley) in includes the villages of Oberburg, Weiler, several individual farms and the exclaves of Rohrmoos and Tannen. On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Burgdorf,
1197-597: The Civil Constitution of the Clergy following debates and a report headed by Louis-Simon Martineau in 1790, confiscating all endowments of the church, which was until then the highest order ( premier ordre ) of the Ancien Régime ; instead, the state awarded a salary to the formerly endowment-dependent clergy, and abolished canons, prebendaries and chaplains. This constitution kept the separation between
1260-475: The Green Party (5.4%). In the federal election, a total of 943 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 46.3%. As of 2011 , Oberburg had an unemployment rate of 3.37%. As of 2008 , there were a total of 1,218 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 148 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 54 businesses involved in this sector. 465 people were employed in
1323-408: The canon law , denotes an ecclesiastical office (but not always a cure of souls ) in which the incumbent is required to perform certain duties or conditions of a spiritual kind (spiritualities) while being supported by the revenues attached to the office (temporalities). The spiritualities of parochial benefices, whether rectories , vicarages or perpetual curacies , include due observation of
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#17328017032711386-465: The secondary sector and there were 34 businesses in this sector. 605 people were employed in the tertiary sector , with 72 businesses in this sector. In 2008 there were a total of 993 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 103, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 438 of which 304 or (69.4%) were in manufacturing and 126 (28.8%) were in construction. The number of jobs in
1449-566: The 14th century, the village was directly owned by the Kyburgs. During the Burgdorf war of 1383–84, Bern captured the village from the Kyburgs and in 1408 integrated it into the Bernese district court of Ranflüh. By 1431, it was treated as an associated village of the town of Burgdorf and in 1525 Bern placed the village under the authority of the mayor of Burgdorf. In 1803 it became part of
1512-533: The 21st century it was a mostly commercial and industrial village surrounded by small hamlets and individual farms which remained primarily agricultural. Starting in the 1960s many residents commuted to jobs in Burgdorf or Bern. The village has three school buildings and it forms a school district with parts of Mötschwil and Lützelflüh . The secondary school opened in 1913. In 1985 the Obernburg workshop for
1575-537: The Archbishop of Canterbury, two benefices can be held together, the churches of which are within 4 miles (6.4 km) of each other, and the annual value of one of which does not exceed £200. A benefice or living in the Church of England describes any ecclesiastical parish or group of ecclesiastical parishes under a single stipendiary minister, as well as its related historical meaning. The term dates from
1638-509: The Carolingians in consolidating and strengthening their power. Charlemagne (emperor 800–814) continued the late Roman concept of granting benefices in return for military and administrative service to his empire. Thus, the imperial structure was bound together through a series of oaths between the monarch and the recipient of land (and the resulting income) (see Fief ). He ordered and administered his kingdom and later his empire through
1701-568: The Emme river which was shared with Burgdorf and Hasle. Beginning in the 16th century, this shared common land became a constant source of conflict. Oberburg quarreled with Hasle in 1534-35 and again in 1545, but the majority of conflicts were with Burgdorf. Burgdorf attempted to annex the fields in 1520–21, again in 1546 and once again in 1608. They tried to turn it into forests in 1635 and over exploited it in 1619. The three communities continued to quarrel until 1700-04 when all three finally agreed on
1764-525: The European feudal system . This same customary method became adopted by the Catholic Church. The church's revenue streams came from, amongst other things, rents and profits arising from assets gifted to the church, its endowment , given by believers, be they monarch, lord of the manor or vassal, and later also upon tithes calculated on the sale of the product of the people's personal labour in
1827-600: The Rothöchi. The castle probably got its name to distinguish it from the lower castle at Burgdorf . The castle was probably the seat of a ministerialis (unfree knights in the service of a feudal overlord) family in the service of the Counts of Kyburg . The ministerialis family might have been the Lords of Oberburg who were mentioned in the 13th century or the Lords of Rohrmoos, a family that existed from 1241 until 1402. By
1890-431: The archdeacon or some other neighbouring clergyman, authorizing him to induct the clerk into his benefice – in other words, to put him into legal possession of the temporalities, which is done by some outward form, and for the most part by delivery of the bell-rope to the presentee, who then tolls the church bell . This form of induction is required to give the clerk a legal title to his beneficium, although his admission to
1953-552: The benefice is in his own patronage, and petitioning the bishop to examine him and admit him. Upon the bishop having satisfied himself of the sufficiency of the clerk, he proceeded to institute him to the spiritual office to which the benefice is annexed, but before such institution could take place, the clerk had to make the declaration of assent, the Thirty-nine Articles of Religion and the Book of Common Prayer , take
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2016-406: The classroom language. During the same year, there were 6 lower secondary classes with a total of 102 students. There were 21.6% who were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 28.4% have a different mother language than the classroom language. As of 2000 , there were 11 students in Oberburg who came from another municipality, while 49 residents attended schools outside
2079-437: The crown or church officials. A benefice specifically from a church is called a precaria (pl. precariae ), such as a stipend , and one from a monarch or nobleman is usually called a fief . A benefice is distinct from an allod , in that an allod is property owned outright, not bestowed by a higher authority. In ancient Rome a benefice was a gift of land ( precaria ) for life as a reward for services rendered, originally, to
2142-505: The district of Burgdorf. The village church of Saint George was first mentioned in 1242. The current nave was built in 1497, while the choir dates from 1510. After Bern accepted the Protestant Reformation in 1528, the benefice right passed to the city of Bern. Originally, the church was a parish church over a large parish that included Burgdorf, Heimiswil and parts of Hasle . The town church of Burgdorf
2205-452: The doctrine and liturgical practice of the Church of England, and take the oaths of allegiance and canonical obedience as defined by Canons of the Church of England. The bishop, by the act of institution, commits to the presentee the cure of souls attached to the office to which the benefice is annexed. In cases where the bishop himself is patron of the benefice, no presentation or petition
2268-530: The entire parish such as cloth or shoes and the people's profits from specific forms of likewise God-given, natural increase such as crops and in livestock. Initially the Catholic Church granted buildings, grants of land and greater and/or lesser tithes for life but the land was not alienated from the dioceses . The Synod of Lyon of 567 annexed these grants to the churches. By the time of the Council of Mainz of 813 these grants were known as beneficia . Holding
2331-540: The grant of a benefice in some part of the Empire. Once he had received a benefice, he would take up his residence on it; it was only rarely that a vassus casatus continued to work in the Palace. In the year 800 Pope Leo III placed the crown of Holy Roman Emperor on the head of Charlemagne . This act caused great turmoil for future generations, who would afterward argue that the emperor thereby received his position as
2394-484: The hammer mill and in 1736 and 1752 they prohibited a butcher's shop and a general store, respectively, from opening. However, in the 19th century a number of new factories opened, including weaving factories, foundries, a paint factory, a machine factory , a furniture factory and a brickyard. In 1881, the Emmental Railway opened a station between Oberburg and Burgdorf which further encouraged development. By
2457-408: The handicapped opened in the municipality. Oberburg has an area of 14.14 km (5.46 sq mi). Of this area, 7.88 km (3.04 sq mi) or 55.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while 4.7 km (1.8 sq mi) or 33.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.49 km (0.58 sq mi) or 10.6% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.06 km (15 acres) or 0.4%
2520-412: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oberburg&oldid=1147462791 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Oberburg, Bern Oberburg is first mentioned in 1240 as Obrunburc . The oldest evidence of
2583-480: The municipality and 1,038 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.2 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 12.7% used public transportation to get to work, and 48.4% used a private car. From the 2000 census , 219 or 8.0% were Roman Catholic , while 1,915 or 69.9% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church . Of
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2646-461: The municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Emmental. The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Sable a Castle Argent with a tower embattled, a tower roofed Gules and two Houses roofed Gules on a Mount of 3 Coupeaux vert. The castle ( German : Burg ) over or above ( German : ober ) the mountain makes this an example of canting arms . Oberburg has
2709-589: The municipality. Benefice A benefice ( / ˈ b ɛ n ɪ f ɪ s / ) or living is a reward received in exchange for services rendered and as a retainer for future services. The Roman Empire used the Latin term beneficium as a benefit to an individual from the Empire for services rendered. Its use was adopted by the Western Church in the Carolingian era as a benefit bestowed by
2772-400: The municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 18.5% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 29.6% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 9 primary classes and 174 students. Of the primary students, 20.7% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 27.6% have a different mother language than
2835-462: The nomination (advowson) and the canonical institution (benefice/living, which conferred a jurisdiction) but the state set a fixed system of salaries and would elect the metropolitan bishops who in turn would elect the curates. Parts of these changes remain such as the abolition of the three historic roles mentioned and the constitution is still in force in Belgium . The term benefice, according to
2898-612: The oaths of allegiance and canonical obedience and make a declaration against simony . The first was laid down by the Canons of 1603/04 and modified by the Clerical Subscription Act 1865 which also prescribed the form of the declaration against simony ; the words of the oath of allegiance accorded to the form in the Promissory Oaths Act 1868 . Current practice is to make a declaration of assent to
2961-638: The office by institution is sufficient to vacate any other benefice which he may already possess. A benefice is avoided or vacated Dispensation, enabling a clerk to hold several ecclesiastical dignities or benefices at the same time, was transferred to the Archbishop of Canterbury by the Ecclesiastical Licences Act 1533 , certain ecclesiastical persons having been declared by a previous statute (of 1529) to be entitled to such dispensations. The system of pluralities carried with it, as
3024-407: The ordination vows and due solicitude for the moral and spiritual welfare of the parishioners. The temporalities are the revenues of the benefice and assets such as the church properties and possessions within the parish. By keeping this distinction in mind, the right of patronage in the case of parochial benefices, or advowson , appears logical, being the right originally vested in the donor of
3087-405: The patron of the benefice is thus the first requisite in order that a clerk should become legally entitled to a benefice. The next requisite is that he should be admitted by the bishop as a fit person for the spiritual office to which the benefice is annexed, and the bishop is the judge of the sufficiency of the clerk to be so admitted. Under the early constitutions of the Church of England a bishop
3150-625: The population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist , and 104 individuals (or about 3.80% of the population) did not answer the question. In Oberburg about 1,048 or (38.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education , and 267 or (9.7%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule ). Of the 267 who completed tertiary schooling, 71.5% were Swiss men, 21.7% were Swiss women, 5.2% were non-Swiss men. The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten , followed by six years of Primary school. This
3213-435: The rest of the population, there were 112 members of an Orthodox church (or about 4.09% of the population), and there were 211 individuals (or about 7.70% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 125 (or about 4.56% of the population) who were Islamic . There was 1 person who was Buddhist , 22 individuals who were Hindu and 2 individuals who belonged to another church. 132 (or about 4.82% of
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#17328017032713276-691: The same canton, while 259 or 9.5% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 373 or 13.6% were born outside of Switzerland. As of 2010 , children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 21.5% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 62.1% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 16.4%. As of 2000 , there were 1,134 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 1,326 married individuals, 173 widows or widowers and 107 individuals who are divorced. As of 2000 , there were 322 households that consist of only one person and 91 households with five or more people. In 2000 ,
3339-461: The state. The word comes from the Latin noun beneficium , meaning "benefit". In the 8th century, using their position as Mayor of the Palace, Charles Martel , Carloman I and Pepin II usurped a large number of church benefices for distribution to vassals, and later Carolingians continued this practice as emperors. These estates were held in return for oaths of military assistance, which greatly aided
3402-569: The strongly fortified enclosure at the heart of a medieval castle Obere Burg , a castle ruin in Schellenberg, Liechtenstein Obernburg , a town in Bavaria, Germany Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Oberburg . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to
3465-489: The temporalities or his nominee, the patron and his successors in title, held the advowson (right to nominate a candidate for the post subject to the approval of the bishop or other prelate as to the candidate's sufficiency for the demands of the post). Parish priests were charged with the spiritual and temporal care of their congregation. The community provided for the priest as necessary, later, as organisation improved, by tithe (which could be partially or wholly lost to
3528-406: The temporalities to present to his bishop a clerk to be admitted, if found fit by the bishop , to the office to which those temporalities are annexed. In other words, the gift of the glebe (a rectory manor or church furlong) was only ever granted subject to receiving an incorporeal hereditament (inheritable and transferable right) for the original donor. Nomination or presentation on the part of
3591-455: The term "benefice" is defined to mean "benefice with cure of souls" and no other, and therein to comprehend all parishes, perpetual curacies, donatives, endowed public chapels, parochial chapelries and chapelries or districts belonging or reputed to belong, or annexed or reputed to be annexed, to any church or chapel. The Pluralities Acts Amendment Act 1885 ( 48 & 49 Vict. c. 54) superseded these and enacted that by dispensation from
3654-405: The tertiary sector was 452. In the tertiary sector; 103 or 22.8% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 38 or 8.4% were in the movement and storage of goods, 25 or 5.5% were in a hotel or restaurant, 13 or 2.9% were technical professionals or scientists, 35 or 7.7% were in education and 176 or 38.9% were in health care. In 2000 , there were 836 workers who commuted into
3717-426: Was allowed a space of two months to inquire and inform himself of the sufficiency of every presentee, but by the 95th of the Canons of 1604 that interval was reduced to 28 days, within which the bishop must admit or reject the clerk. If the bishop rejects the clerk within that time he is liable to a duplex querela (Latin: "double complaint", the procedure in ecclesiastical law for challenging a bishop's refusal to admit
3780-562: Was entitled and pay lesser sums to deputies to carry out the corresponding duties. By a Decree of the Lateran Council of 1215 no clerk could hold two benefices with cure of souls, and if a beneficed clerk took a second benefice with cure of souls, he vacated ipso facto his first benefice. Dispensations could easily be obtained from Rome. The benefice system was open to abuse. Acquisitive prelates occasionally held multiple major benefices. The holding of more than one benefice
3843-461: Was in contrast to feudal practice where the nobility would hold land on grant from the king in return for service, especially service in war. This meant that the church over time gained a large share of land in many feudal states and so was a cause of increasing tension between the church and the Crown. The holder of more than one benefice, later known as a pluralist, could keep the revenue to which he
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#17328017032713906-507: Was originally a filial church of Oberburg, but in 1401 it broke away to form its own parish. During the Middle Ages, the hamlet of Tschamerii had the Chapel of St. Mary, but the building was later demolished and no trace remains. For much of its history, the hills above Oberburg were filled with isolated small farms, while the village was surrounded with large farms practicing three field crop rotation . The village had common land along
3969-501: Was subject to the restriction that both benefices must be within 10 miles (16 km) of each other. By the Pluralities Act 1850 ( 13 & 14 Vict. c. 98) restrictions were further narrowed so that no spiritual person could hold two benefices except the churches of such benefices within 3 miles (4.8 km) of each other by the nearest road, and the annual value of one of such benefices did not exceed £100. By this statute
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