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23-459: The district was named after the region known as Bergisches Land , which belonged to the County of Berg for most of the medieval era. What is called Oberbergisch ('upper Bergian') lies in the southeast of that earldom. By 1740, descriptions of the area distinguished between Niederbergisch , which was north of the river Wupper , and Oberbergisch to its south. In 1816, after the entire Rhineland

46-797: A red lion with a double tail and blue crown, tongue, and claws – blazoned as: Argent a lion rampant gules, queue fourchée crossed in saltire, armed, langued, and crowned azure. This lion originates from the arms of the Duke of Limburg as the Berg title in the 13th century fell to the Limburg line. Circles est. 1500: Bavarian , Swabian , Upper Rhenish , Lower Rhenish–Westphalian , Franconian , (Lower) Saxon 51°12′26″N 6°48′45″E  /  51.20722°N 6.81250°E  / 51.20722; 6.81250 Adolf VIII of Berg Adolf VIII of Berg (also referred to as Adolf V) (c. 1240 – 28 September 1296)

69-531: A strategic marriage to Maria von Geldern , daughter of William IV, Duke of Jülich-Berg , who became heiress to her father's estates: Jülich , Berg and the County of Ravensberg , which under the Salic laws of the Holy Roman Empire caused the properties to pass to the husband of the female heir (women could not hold property except through a husband or a guardian). With the death of her father in 1511

92-477: Is greywacke , which was and in places still is mined in large stone quarries. The coat of arms is a combination of the heraldic signs of the territories the district belonged to. The red-white bar in the top symbolizes the County of Mark and the lion that of Berg . Homburg Castle (near Nümbrecht ) was the seat of the Princes of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg. Robert Ley , a Nazi politician who helped organize

115-966: The Archbishop of Cologne and of the Bishop of Münster . William the Rich was the second duke of the united Julich-Cleves-Berg. He introduced the Gregorian Calendar into the duchies. However, the new ducal dynasty also became extinct in 1609, when the last duke died insane. This led to a lengthy dispute over succession to the various territories before the partition of 1614 : the Count Palatine of Neuburg , who had converted to Catholicism, annexed Jülich and Berg; while Cleves and Mark fell to John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg , who subsequently also became Duke of Prussia . Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg , became duke. He

138-531: The Battle of Worringen in 1288 in which Adolf supported the victorious Brabant. Archbishop Siegfried was captured and imprisoned by Adolf in Schloss Burg for 13 months. As a result of the victory, Adolf was also able to elevate Düsseldorf to the level of city. Through trickery, Archbishop Siegfried was able to capture Adolf in 1292 and held him in prison until he died on 28 September 1296. In 1249, Adolf

161-657: The French revolutionary wars separated the two duchies of Jülich and Berg, and in 1803 Berg separated from the other Bavarian territories and came under the rule of a junior branch of the Wittelsbachs . In 1806, in the reorganization of the German lands occasioned by the end of the Holy Roman Empire , Berg became the Grand Duchy of Berg , under the rule of Napoleon's brother-in-law, Joachim Murat . Murat's arms combined

184-677: The Wupper river to the town of Düsseldorf . Count Adolf VIII of Berg fought on the winning side in the Battle of Worringen against Guelders in 1288. The power of Berg grew further in the 14th century. The County of Jülich united with the County of Berg in 1348, and in 1380 the Emperor Wenceslaus elevated the counts of Berg to the rank of dukes, thus originating the Duchy of Jülich-Berg. In 1509, John III, Duke of Cleves , made

207-630: The Dukes of Jülich-Berg became extinct, and the estate thus came under the rule of John III, Duke of Cleves — along with his personal territories, the County of the Mark and the Duchy of Cleves ( Kleve ) in a personal union. As a result of this union the dukes of the United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg controlled much of present-day North Rhine-Westphalia , with the exception of the clerical states of

230-637: The Grand Duke of Berg; French bureaucrats administered the territory in the name of the child. The Grand Duchy's short existence came to an end with Napoleon's defeat in 1813 and the peace settlements that followed. In 1815, after the Congress of Vienna , Berg became part of a province of the Kingdom of Prussia : the Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg . In 1822 this province united with the Grand Duchy of

253-678: The Lower Rhine to form the Rhine Province . – in union with Ravensberg – – in union with Ravensberg (except 1404–1437) and after 1423 in union with the duchy of Jülich – – from 1521 a part of the United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg – – in union with Jülich und Palatinate-Neuburg , from 1690 also with the Electorate of the Palatinate , from 1777 also with Bavaria – The historic coat of arms of Berg shows

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276-597: The Neuburg line inherited the Electorate and generally made Düsseldorf its capital. Elector Charles III Philipp disliked Düsseldorf, because the estates there did not want to grant the funds he demanded. As such, he moved his capital from Düsseldorf to Mannheim , where it remained until the Elector Palatine, Charles Theodore , inherited the Electorate of Bavaria in 1777. The French occupation (1794–1801) and annexation (1801) of Jülich (French: Juliers) during

299-473: The areas of plastic and metal processing. [REDACTED] Media related to Oberbergischer Kreis at Wikimedia Commons 51°02′N 7°31′E  /  51.033°N 7.517°E  / 51.033; 7.517 Berg (German region) Berg was a state—originally a county, later a duchy —in the Rhineland of Germany . Its capital was Düsseldorf . It existed as a distinct political entity from

322-566: The death of Engelbert II of Falkenstein in 1274, but Siegfried II of Westerburg was chosen instead. In 1279 Adolf's uncle Waleran IV, Duke of Limburg died leaving one daughter, Ermengarde , wife of Reginald I, Count of Guelders . When she died in 1280 without issue, her husband claimed the Duchy of Limburg even though Adolf also had a claim to Limburg as Waleran's eldest nephew. Adolf tried unsuccessfully to assert his claim and in 1283 he sold his right to Duke John I of Brabant . The counter-claims of Duke John and Reginald I ultimately led to

345-712: The district. The Oberbergischer Kreis covers the hills west of the Sauerland and north of the Westerwald . It constitutes the eastern part of the Bergisches Land nature reserve. Situated at an altitude of 100–520 meters above sea level, it is rich in wood and water (numbering ten artificial lakes) and thus a recreational area for citizens from Cologne , the Ruhr area and the Netherlands . The prevailing rock

368-480: The duchies. The Elector of Brandenburg , Frederick Wilhelm , still claimed the Duchy of Berg, and declared war, claiming to be the defender of protestants in Berg. This led to the Düsseldorf Cow War . In the following years however, tension over Berg between Neuburg and Brandenburg greatly decreased. Upon the extinction of the senior Wittelsbach dynasty ruling the Electorate of the Palatinate in 1685,

391-473: The early 12th to the 19th centuries. It was a member state of the Holy Roman Empire . The name of the county lives on in the modern geographic term Bergisches Land , often misunderstood as bergiges Land (hilly country). The Counts of Berg emerged in 1101 as a junior line of the dynasty of the Ezzonen , which traced its roots back to the 9th-century Kingdom of Lotharingia , and in the 11th century became

414-414: The most powerful dynasty in the region of the lower Rhine. In 1160, the territory split into two portions, one of them later becoming the County of the Mark , which returned to the possession of the family line in the 16th century. The most powerful of the early rulers of Berg, Engelbert II of Berg died in an assassination on November 7, 1225. In 1280 the counts moved their court from Schloss Burg on

437-681: The recruitment of slave labor during World War II, and published an anti-Semitic newspaper, the Westdeutscher Beobachter, was born in Niederbreidenbach , a town in Oberbergischer Kreis. Since the October 1st, 1999 there is only one (directly elected) District Administrator who at the same time is head of management: The district's economy is marked by small and middle-sized industry, particularly in

460-576: The red lion of Berg with the arms of the duchy of Cleves . The anchor and the batons came to the party due to Murat's positions as Grand Admiral and as Marshal of the Empire . As the husband of Napoleon's sister Caroline Bonaparte , Murat also had the right to use the imperial eagle. In 1809, one year after Murat's promotion from Grand Duke of Berg to King of Naples , Napoleon's young nephew, Prince Napoleon Louis Bonaparte (1804–1831, elder son of Napoleon's brother Louis Bonaparte , King of Holland) became

483-478: Was a member of the powerful House of Wittelsbach , which ruled Bavaria and the Electoral Palatinate . During his reign, Düsseldorf served as his center of court on occasion. During the 30 Years' War, even though there were no significant battles around Berg, the territories still had to deal with the stresses of war. At the end of the 30 Years' War, Wolfgang Wilhelm tried to spread Catholicism in

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506-408: Was annexed to Prussia , the districts of Waldbröl, Homburg, Gimborn, Wipperfürth, and Lennep were created within the area now covered by the district. In 1825 the districts Gimborn and Homburg were merged into the district Gummersbach. In 1932 it was merged with the district of Waldbröl, and the region became known as Oberbergischer Kreis . The restructuring of 1969/75 created the current boundaries of

529-400: Was the eldest son of Count Adolf VII of Berg and Margaret of Hochstaden. In 1259, Adolf succeeded his father as Count of Berg. King Rudolph I of Germany allowed Adolf to move his mint to Wipperfürth in 1275. In 1276 Adolf granted city rights to Ratingen and in 1282 to Wipperfürth. Adolf tried in vain to have his brother Conrad, Provost of Cologne, installed as Archbishop of Cologne after

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