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83-549: Ocean Hill was named because it was slightly hilly. Ocean Hill was subdivided from the larger community of Stuyvesant Heights . From the beginning of the 20th century to the 1960s Ocean Hill was an Italian enclave. By the late 1960s Ocean Hill and Bedford-Stuyvesant proper together formed the largest African American community in the United States. In 1968, the Ocean Hill–Brownsville school district experienced

166-405: A city planner for East New York, chronicled in his 2003 book, How East New York Became a Ghetto , the change in population from mostly working class Italians and Jewish residents to residents of Puerto Rican and African American descent. Thabit argues that landlords and real estate agents played a significant role in the downturn of the area. Puerto Ricans were moving to New York City in

249-425: A plat . The former single piece as a whole is then known as a subdivision. Subdivisions may be simple, involving only a single seller and buyer, or complex, involving large tracts of land divided into many smaller parcels. If it is used for housing it is typically known as a housing subdivision or housing development, although some developers tend to call these areas communities . Subdivisions may also be for

332-637: A terminal moraine —separates northwestern Long Island from Jamaica and the Hempstead Plains , the main part of Long Island's fertile outwash plain. The southern portions of the neighborhood, meanwhile, consisted of salt marshes and several creeks, which drained into Jamaica Bay . These areas were originally settled by the Jameco Native Americans , and later used by the Canarsee and Rockaway tribes as fishing grounds. In

415-472: A college education or higher, 23% have less than a high school education and 56% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 40% of Brooklynites and 38% of city residents have a college education or higher. The percentage of East New York students excelling in reading and math has been increasing, with reading achievement rising from 26 percent in 2000 to 32 percent in 2011, and math achievement rising from 19 percent to 43 percent within

498-560: A community center. The area contains a shopping center as well. A number of parcels of undeveloped land totaling 13 acres (5.3 ha) were separated out from the residential site as part of the refinancing. The development was designed by Herman Jessor , organized in the towers in the park layout. The buildings utilize a simple " foursquare " design. The residential portion of the property has eight "sections" each including several buildings, its own field, recreational area ( jungle gym , park, handball court, basketball court) and

581-422: A contracted social services provider called CAMBA, Inc. on their sites and as well as with Douglaston Development ; L+M Development Partners ; Dantes Partners ; SMJ Development Corp ; Clinton Management ; and C&C Apartment Management LLC to manage Linden Houses and Pennsylvania Avenue-Wortman Avenue Houses with a contracted social services provider called University Settlement on their sites. With

664-498: A fiery chapter in city history. Charging that Board of Education employees were seeking to sabotage the decentralization effort, black district leaders exiled 13 teachers and six administrators—most of them Jewish—to other districts. As the United Federation of Teachers protested the transfers, the two sides traded harsh accusations of racism and anti-Semitism. Teachers declared a months' long strike that shuttered most of

747-552: A five-story parking garage for residents in that section. These sections are Ardsley, Bethel, Croton, Delmar, Elmira, Freeport, Geneva, and Hornell; each named after municipalities in New York State . The community had its own newspaper, known as the Spring Creek Sun . The Hole is an isolated section that is also a part of Queens. A run-down neighborhood considered "lost", it has the lowest elevation within

830-506: A local planning commission, once recorded in a registry of deeds, is generally deemed to have created the parcels of land identified on the plat itself. The problem of testamentary division of property was identified by the SCPEA in the footnote to the definition of subdivision, but not fully clarified by it. In some jurisdictions, a testamentary division of property does not constitute a legal subdivision for purposes of separate conveyancing of

913-614: A major teachers' strike. At that time, the New York City Board of Education exercised centralized control of the entire school system, assigning teachers and administrators to local schools. In response to complaints from parents in poor minority neighborhoods that schools were failing their students, the Ford Foundation helped fund an experimental program in the district that gave control to local educators and families. The program started off smoothly, but it ended as

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996-403: A master street plan; (4) provisions for approval of all public improvements by the planning commission; (5) control of private subdivision of land; and (6) provisions for the creation of regional planning commissions. The SCPEA included the following definition: "Subdivision" means the division of a lot, tract, or parcel of land into two or more lots, plats, sites, or other divisions of land for

1079-474: A modest development began. By the 1930s, the residents were chiefly Italians , Jews , Germans , and Russians who moved in from Brownsville , Bushwick , and other near-by crowded localities. Many of the Slavic families continue to burn candles before icons, and observe religious fetes according to the old calendar... After World War II , thousands of manufacturing jobs left New York City thereby increasing

1162-496: A more affluent population demanded larger and more widely spaced houses coupled with the increase of car usage for which terraced streets were unsuitable. Subdivisions were often produced by either local authorities (more recently, housing associations ) or by private developers. The former tended to be a means of producing public housing leading to monotenure estates full of council houses often known as "council estates". The latter can refer to higher end tract housing for

1245-530: A notorious housing project unit, has been closed by the New York City Housing Authority and is in the process of being rebuilt under the federally funded HOPE VI program. There are attempts to overhaul the area to resemble Fort Greene - Clinton Hill due to the low rents and massive retail space. Many residents of Ocean Hill consider themselves residents of Bedford-Stuyvesant. Due to gentrification , many real estate developers and

1328-477: A relatively low population of residents who are uninsured , or who receive healthcare through Medicaid . In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 7%, which is lower than the citywide rate of 12%. The concentration of fine particulate matter , the deadliest type of air pollutant , in East New York is 0.0077 milligrams per cubic metre (7.7 × 10  oz/cu ft), lower than

1411-509: A stop there was added by 1844. The LIRR moved its terminus to Queens in 1860, and the line through Brooklyn was shortened to end at East New York. In 1852, New Lots was officially ceded from the Town of Flatbush. In the middle 19th century, the road between Brooklyn and Jamaica became the Brooklyn and Jamaica Plank Road . The Brooklyn and Rockaway Beach Railroad (1865) was built to connect

1494-617: A subdivision. The intention is to cover all subdivision of land where the immediate or ultimate purpose is that of selling the lots or building on them. The object of inserting a definition in the text of the act is to avoid the inclusion, within the planning commission's control, of such cases as a testator 's dividing his property amongst his children, partners' dividing firm property amongst themselves on dissolution, or cases of that nature. A subdivision does not need to be sold, in whole or in part, for its resulting pieces to be considered separate parcels of land. A subdivision plat approved by

1577-568: A transportation hub, with residential integration with Ocean Hill on the west and mixed-use industrial and commercial properties on the east. Broadway Junction was originally known as Jamaica Pass , a name that became famous in 1776 as the route the British Army marched from southern Kings County to attack Brooklyn during the Battle of Long Island . The current name refers to the current Broadway Junction subway station, which once connected to

1660-419: Is 52% in East New York, higher than the citywide and boroughwide rates of 52% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018 , East New York is considered to be low-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying . During the 1960s, East New York transitioned from being predominately Jewish and Italian to being predominately African American and Puerto Rican. However, now East New York

1743-592: Is bounded by Atlantic Avenue , Sheffield Avenue, Sutter Avenue and Powell Street. Public housing developments of various type and a smaller number of tenements populate the area. There are eleven New York City Housing Authority developments located in East New York. Starting in 2016, New York City Housing Authority began to convert some of their developments into the RAD PACT Section 8 Management with public–private partnership leases with private real estate developers and companies to help manage

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1826-556: Is covered by ZIP Codes 11207 and 11208, though Starrett City is covered by its own zip code, 11239. The United States Post Office operates the East New York Station at 2645 Atlantic Avenue and the Spring Creek Station at 1310 Pennsylvania Avenue. East New York generally has a lower ratio of college-educated residents than the rest of the city as of 2018 . While 21% of residents age 25 and older have

1909-700: Is more diversified, with large African American , Puerto Rican , Dominican , West Indian , and South Asian populations. According to the 2020 census data from New York City Department of City Planning , Black residents make up the majority of East New York, but there are also significant populations of Hispanic residents. In East New York North, there are between 20,000 and 29,999 Black residents and between 10,000 and 19,999 Hispanic residents. City Line has about an equal population of Black and Hispanic residents (10,000 to 19,999) and 5,000 to 9,999 Asian residents. East New York New Lots has 30,000 to 39,999 Black residents and 10,000 to 19,999 Hispanic residents. Cypress Hills

1992-645: Is patrolled by the 75th Precinct of the New York City Police Department . New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) property in the area is patrolled by P.S.A. 2. Coverage by the Fire Department of New York is provided by Battalions 39 & 44. Politically it is represented by the New York City Council 's 37th and 42nd Districts. At the northern edge of what is now East New York, a chain of hills—also known as

2075-653: Is the largest subsidized rental apartment complex in the United States. Its boundaries, starting from the north and moving clockwise are: Flatlands Avenue to the north, Hendrix Street to the east, Jamaica Bay to the south and the Fresh Creek Basin. Opened in 1974, the Starrett City site spanned over 153 acres (0.62 km ) before being subdivided in 2009 as part of a refinancing. The housing development contains 5,881 apartment units in 46 buildings. The residential site also includes eight parking garages and

2158-457: Is the only section of East New York that has a majority Hispanic community, with 20,000 to 29,999 Hispanic residents and 5,000 to 9,999 Black residents. In all parts of East New York except for City Line, there were less than 5,000 white and Asian residents. East New York covers a relatively large area, abutting the Queens border to the north and east. North of East New York is Highland Park ,

2241-465: The New York Press , Michael Manville accused Thabit of poor research, sweeping generalizations, and a failure to distinguish the actions of allegedly racist individuals from the effects of what he describes as "a racist capitalist system", and contends that much of the urban renewal and public housing efforts of the period were in fact well-intentioned, if ill-considered and hubristic. Since

2324-623: The 2010 United States census , the population of East New York was 91,958, an increase of 8,683 (10.4%) from the 83,275 counted in the 2000 census . Covering an area of 2,665.73 acres (1,078.78 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 34.5 inhabitants per acre (22,100/sq mi; 8,500/km ). The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 63.6% (58,453) African American , 3.0% (2,764) Asian , 1.3% (1,240) White , 0.3% (291) Native American , 0.0% (38) Pacific Islander , 0.7% (683) from other races , and 1.3% (1,237) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 29.6% (27,252) of

2407-625: The Brooklyn Public Library . After months of effort, the burial ground was finally confirmed and formally recognized. City Line is a sub-section of East New York bordering the neighborhoods of Cypress Hills to the north and southwest and Ozone Park ( Queens ) to the east. The neighborhood is named "City Line" for its location in the former City of Brooklyn near the border with Queens County before Brooklyn and parts of Queens County were consolidated into New York City in 1898 . Many Italians, Germans and Irish originally lived in

2490-602: The Cemetery Belt , and the neighborhoods of Ridgewood and Glendale in Queens. The neighborhoods of Bushwick and Bedford–Stuyvesant are northwest of East New York, while Brownsville is to the west and Canarsie is to the southwest. Jamaica Bay and the Shirley Chisholm State Park are located on the southern shore, while Woodhaven , Ozone Park , and Howard Beach in Queens are located to

2573-611: The New York City Subway , on the BMT Canarsie Line , BMT Jamaica Line , and IND Fulton Street Line , which all meet at Broadway Junction . There is also Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) service at nearby East New York . 40°40′48″N 73°54′29″W  /  40.680°N 73.908°W  / 40.680; -73.908 Subdivision (land) Subdivisions are land that is divided into pieces that are easier to sell or otherwise develop , usually via

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2656-562: The middle class and even upper middle class . In the Philippines , subdivisions are areas of land that have been subdivided into individual residential plots. Whereas some subdivisions comprise exclusive gated communities , others are merely demarcations denoting a specific neighborhood . Some subdivisions may conduct autonomous security, or provide basic services such as water and refuse management . Most subdivisions are governed by associations made up of members who are residents of

2739-437: The "subdivided" parcels. Furthermore, the SCPEA's definition leaves ambiguous the notion of 'building development' and whether the identification of multiple construction sites on a single parcel of land constitutes a subdivision subject to the review and approval authority of the planning commission. Interpretations of this vary among American jurisdictions. Subdivision developers may use an architect's services only once, with

2822-480: The 1650s Dutch colonists began settling in what are now the eastern sections of Brooklyn , forming the towns of Flatbush , Bushwick , and New Lots (the predecessor of East New York). The area along with the rest of Brooklyn and modern New York City was ceded to the British Empire in 1664. A few 18th-century roads, including the ferry road or Palmer Turnpike from Brooklyn to Jamaica, passed through

2905-427: The 1960s of Italian youths and Black/Puerto Rican Youths getting into racially physical fights. Thabit also describes how the construction of public housing projects in East New York further contributed to its decline, noting that many of the developments were built by corrupt managers and contractors. He argues that the city government largely ignored the community when it could have helped turn it around. Writing in

2988-569: The 1980s East Brooklyn Congregations (EBC) , an affiliate of the Industrial Areas Foundation (IAF) organized to address the need for quality affordable housing in East New York. This coalition advocated that vacant New York City owned land be provided at no cost for the development of new affordable owner occupied housing with subsidies for low-interest mortgages. This effort was called the Nehemiah Program . It

3071-564: The 19th century as a means of addressing the expansion of cities into surrounding farmland. While this method of property identification was useful for purposes of conveyancing , it did not address the overall impacts of expansion and the need for a comprehensive approach to planning communities. In the 1920s, the Coolidge administration formed the Advisory Committee on City Planning and Zoning , which undertook as its first task

3154-577: The 2010 census, the population of Ocean Hill was 31,935, an increase of 1,868 (6.2%) from the 30,067 counted in 2000 . Covering an area of 460.85 acres (186.50 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 69.3 inhabitants per acre (44,400/sq mi; 17,100/km). The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 1.4% (439) White , 77.7% (24,825) African American , 0.4% (132) Native American , 0.6% (199) Asian , 0.0% (2) Pacific Islander , 0.3% (111) from other races , and 1.6% (511) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.9% (5,716) of

3237-828: The 75th Precinct, a rate of 11.9 per 100,000 population, vs. a rate of 4.4 homicides per 100,000 population for the city as a whole. The precinct reported 24 murders, 762 rapes, 696 robberies, 1,079 felony assaults, 354 burglaries, 1,073 grand larcenies, and 551 grand larcenies auto in 2023. The New York City Fire Department (FDNY) operates four fire stations and one EMS station in East New York: As of 2018 , preterm births and births to teenage mothers are more common in East New York than in other places citywide. In East New York, there were 110 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 29.3 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide). East New York has

3320-812: The LIRR and the Fulton Street El as well. Nearby is the Cemetery of the Evergreens , and Highland Park . Based on data from the 2020 United States census , the population for the neighborhood was 37,952, an increase of 18.8% from the 31,935 counted in the 2010 census . The 2020 population for the neighborhood was 24,567 (64.7%) Black non-Hispanic, 7,714 (20.3%) Hispanic/Latino (of any race), 2,597 (6.8%) White non-Hispanic, 1,879 (5.0%) Non-Hispanic of two or more races, 741 (2.0%) Asian non-Hispanic and 454 (1.2%) Some other race, non-Hispanic. Based on data from

3403-547: The LIRR's Atlantic Branch with Canarsie at a point later known as Broadway Junction . As often happened at 19th-century railroad junctions , a railway town arose. Sprawling development into the recently rustic northern part of the Town of New Lots followed the reach of elevated transit lines into the area: the Jamaica Avenue Line in 1885 and the Fulton Street Line in 1889. The road to Brooklyn

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3486-512: The Town of Flatbush were laid out in the 18th century and were considered to be an eastward extension of Flatbush. The area was the site of the Town Hall of New Lots (located at 109-111 Bradford Street ) from 1852 when the area seceded from Flatbush until it was annexed in 1886 as the 26th Ward of Brooklyn. The population is largely African-American and Latino-American . IS 218, PS 72 and Invictus Preparatory Charter School are right across from

3569-418: The Town of New Lots in the 1650s. It was annexed as the 26th Ward of the rapidly growing City of Brooklyn in 1886, and became part of New York City in 1898. During the latter part of the twentieth century, East New York came to be predominantly inhabited by African Americans and Latinos . East New York is part of Brooklyn Community District 5 , and its primary ZIP Codes are 11207, 11208, and 11239. It

3652-488: The area, which today is home to immigrants from Bangladesh, the Dominican Republic, Guyana, and Puerto Rico. The neighborhood also includes African Americans, Latinos and a scattered presence of South Asians. The main commercial district is located along Liberty Avenue . City Line is home to many restaurants, shopping stores, and food markets. New Lots is a sub-section of East New York. The "New Lots" east of

3735-399: The area. Real estate agencies have sometimes persuaded homeowners to sell the properties to them, and often they would resell them to other companies for a higher price. Local residents, who are overwhelmingly Black and Latino, have accused these real estate companies of being racist and trying to gentrify them out of the neighborhood to bring wealthier, white residents. Based on data from

3818-799: The chain of hills; hence the area was called " Jamaica Pass ". During the American Revolutionary War , invading British and Hessian (German) soldiers ended an all-night forced march at this pass in August 1776 to surprise and flank General George Washington and the Continental Army , to win the Battle of Long Island (also known as the Battle of Brooklyn or the Battle of Brooklyn Heights). In 1835, Connecticut merchant John Pitkin (the namesake of Pitkin Avenue) purchased

3901-603: The city and is considered to be like the Wild West in some fashions. It is generally bordered by Ruby Street, South Conduit Avenue , and Linden Boulevard . The area is home to the Federation of Black Cowboys . East New York is patrolled by the 75th Precinct of the NYPD . While total crime has decreased since the 1990s, it is still higher in East New York than in the rest of the city. In 2023, there were 24 homicides in

3984-408: The citywide and boroughwide averages. Thirteen percent of East New York residents are smokers , which is slightly lower than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers. In East New York, 35% of residents are obese , 14% are diabetic , and 34% have high blood pressure —compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively. In addition, 25% of children are obese, compared to

4067-590: The citywide average of 20%. Seventy-six percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is lower than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 70% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", less than the city's average of 78%. For every supermarket in East New York, there are 13 bodegas . There are several hospitals in the East New York area, including NYC Health + Hospitals/Gotham Health, East New York; Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center ; and Kings County Hospital Center . The majority of East New York

4150-516: The city’s schools. The conflict finally ended when the Board of Education agreed to set up local school boards throughout the city. The July 1977 blackout in New York City led to widespread looting and arson. A fire set in a looted warehouse spread to several nearby structures and severely damaged tenement buildings in the area. Many heavily damaged buildings were abandoned for many years like

4233-428: The community board use the name Bedford-Stuyvesant/Ocean Hill or just Bedford-Stuyvesant, to avoid the neighborhood being confused with neighboring Brownsville to the southeast. Ocean Hill, itself a sub-neighborhood of Bedford–Stuyvesant, also contains the sub-sub-neighborhood of Broadway Junction, defined by Broadway to the north, Atlantic Avenue to the south, Rockaway Avenue to the west, and Van Sinderen Avenue to

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4316-428: The community. East New York's 75th Police Precinct reported the highest murder rate in the city in 2011, according to crime reports compiled by DNAinfo.com. East New York has significantly higher dropout rates and incidences of violence in its schools. Students must pass through metal detectors and swipe ID cards to enter the buildings. Other problems in local schools include low test scores and high truancy rates. In

4399-654: The east Woodhaven and Ozone Park in Queens . Cypress Hills is bordered by Highland Park Boulevard and Jamaica Avenue on the north, Eldert Lane on the east, Atlantic Avenue and Conduit Boulevard on the south, and Pennsylvania Ave on the west. The Cypress Hills and Arlington branches of the Brooklyn Public Library serve this community. This neighborhood is demographically mixed with Dominican-Americans , Stateside Puerto Ricans , South Asian-Americans , Caribbean Americans , Caucasians and African Americans . The Hispanic or Latino population were 60.9%. Area schools include: Starrett City (also known as Spring Creek Towers)

4482-629: The east. East New York consists of mixed properties but primarily semi-detached homes , two-to-four family houses, and multi-unit apartment buildings, including condominiums and co-ops. The total land area is one square mile. The area is also home to the East Brooklyn Industrial Park. The 44-block industrial park was established in 1980 by the New York City Public Development Corporation in East New York's northwest quadrant. It

4565-512: The east. The area is mostly zoned for light commercial and industrial use, but there is some residential development in the area which consists of two- to three-story residences. Broadway Junction is split roughly in half by the Atlantic Avenue/LIRR viaduct, with few connections between the two parts of the neighborhood. This disconnect, combined with small blocks and relatively underused streets, parcels, and public spaces, has led to

4648-459: The founding of East New York Farms in 1998, there has been an increase usage in lots. Various organizations and local community groups have different gardens in order to beautify the area. African Burial Ground Square was designated in 2013 after remains were found some years earlier between New Lots and Livonia Avenues from Barbey to Schenck Streets. It shares space with the New Lots branch of

4731-574: The importance of the remaining jobs to those with limited education and job skills. During this same period, large numbers of Puerto Ricans from the Caribbean island and African-Americans from the South emigrated to New York City looking for employment. East New York, no longer replete with the jobs the new residents had come for, was thereby faced with a host of new socioeconomic problems, including widespread unemployment and crime . Walter Thabit,

4814-524: The land of the Town of New Lots north of New Lots Avenue, opening a shoe factory at what is now Williams Street and Pitkin Avenue. Pitkin named the area "East New York" to signify it as the eastern end of New York City. In 1836 the Brooklyn and Jamaica Railroad (soon to become part of the Long Island Rail Road , or LIRR) opened through the area; it did not originally stop in East New York, but

4897-501: The late 1950s, East New York has had some of the highest crime rates in Brooklyn , and is considered by some to be the borough's murder capital , alongside Brownsville . Many social struggles associated with poverty —including crime and drug addiction —have been prevalent in the area for decades. Despite the decline of crime compared to their peaks during the crack and heroin epidemics, violent crime continues to be widespread in

4980-542: The late 1950s, at a time when unemployment rates in Puerto Rico soared to 25 percent, and left Puerto Rico on the brink of poverty. By 1966, Blacks and Puerto Ricans were the majority of the neighborhood with around 48,000 Black residents, 30,000 Puerto Rican residents, and 22,000 remaining White residents mostly Italian and Jewish residents, though eventually pretty much almost all of the White residents would vacate out of

5063-524: The neighborhood in the later decades. Poverty became very highly concentrated with the neighborhood's population largely being on welfare benefits by the 1960s as well as the neighborhood also began to suffer with a lot of arson and fires to property buildings and as well as buildings and houses increasingly becoming abandoned by previously occupied Italian and Jewish residents as a result of increasing crime rates and racial tensions between White and non-White residents and there have been some reported cases during

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5146-670: The neighborhood. Spring Creek includes the Starrett City apartment complex, the Gateway Center , the Spring Creek Gardens gated housing development, and the Nehemiah Spring Creek and Gateway Elton affordable housing developments. Cypress Hills, a subsection of East New York, is bordered on the south by City Line ; to the north by Cypress Hills Cemetery ; to the west by Bushwick ; and to

5229-467: The north and moving clockwise, are roughly the Cemetery Belt and the Queens borough line to the north; the Queens borough line to the east; Jamaica Bay to the south, and the Bay Ridge Branch railroad tracks and Van Sinderen Avenue to the west. Linden Boulevard , Pennsylvania Avenue , and Atlantic Avenue are the primary thoroughfares through East New York. East New York was founded as

5312-568: The ones in the South Bronx . Finally in the 1990s Ocean Hill experienced a revitalization as many abandoned buildings and lots were renovated. Ocean Hill is in the process of gentrification . An increasing number of people of various ethnicities are moving into the area due to slightly lower rent prices in Brownsville and eastern Crown Heights. Many abandoned buildings and brownstones have been rehabilitated. Prospect Plaza Houses , once

5395-561: The other four boroughs into a single entity as the " City of Greater New York ". In the 20th century its name came to be applied to much of the former township. In 1939, the Works Progress Administration Guide to New York City wrote: The development of East New York began in 1835 through the enterprise of John R. Pitkin, a wealthy Connecticut merchant who visualized it as a great city rivaling New York. The Panic of 1837 smashed his hopes. After 1853,

5478-509: The planning and construction of public streets and public roads, and the placement of public utilities. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, subdivisions are usually areas of land that have been zoned for a particular type of residential development, often called a housing estate . They can vary enormously in character, density, and socioeconomic value. They have existed for well over a century, but became prevalent after World War II , as

5561-458: The population. The entirety of Community Board 5 had 181,300 inhabitants as of NYC Health 's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 78.6 years. This is lower than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are middle-aged adults and youth: 27% are between the ages of 0 and 17, 28% between 25 and 44, and 34% between 45 and 64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents

5644-577: The population. The 73rd Precinct of the New York City Police Department covers the area. From the 1960s to early 2000s, Ocean Hill and neighboring Brownsville experienced a high crime rate, but by 2019, the crime rates reached an all-time low. Ocean Hill is served by the B7 , B12 , B15 , B20 , B25 , B47 , B60 and Q24 of the New York City Bus . The A , ​ C ​, J ​, L ​, and Z trains of

5727-824: The properties as well as to get the capital needs and funding to make the necessary repairs and to maintain them properly. Several of the public housing developments in East New York have been switched to this program as of December 28, 2021 along with providing social service providers on their sites to cater to the needs of their local residents, which is nearly half of the East New York NYCHA developments being converted to this program. NYCHA signed public–private partnership leases with The Hudson Companies, Inc. ; Property Resources Corporation ; Duvernay + Brooks LLC ; Property Resources Corporation ; and Lisa Management, Inc. to manage Belmont-Sutter Area Houses , Boulevard Houses , and Fiorentino Plaza Houses with

5810-434: The public houses. Spring Creek is the southeastern part of the former Town of New Lots, and is often included in East New York. Its boundaries moving clockwise are: Linden Boulevard to the north; Betts Creek and Fountain Avenue to the east; Gateway National Recreation Area to the south; and Schenck Avenue and Hendrix Creek to the west. Some locations north of this area up to Linden Boulevard are also considered part of

5893-516: The publication of The Standard State Zoning Enabling Act in 1926, model enabling legislation for use by state legislatures . This was followed by publication of the Standard City Planning Enabling Act (SCPEA) in 1928. The SCPEA covered six subjects: (1) the organization and power of planning commissions, which was directed to prepare and adopt a master plan; (2) the content of the master plan; (3) provisions for

5976-463: The purpose of commercial or industrial development, and the results vary from retail shopping malls with independently owned out parcels to industrial parks . In the United States, the creation of a subdivision was often the first step toward the creation of a new incorporated township or city . Contemporary notions of subdivisions rely on the Lot and Block survey system , which became widely used in

6059-424: The purpose, whether immediate or future, of sale or of building development. It includes resubdivision and, when appropriate to the context, relates to the process of subdividing or to the land or territory subdivided. Attached to this definition was the following footnote: for the purpose of sale or of building development : Every division of a piece of land into two or more lots, parcels or parts is, of course,

6142-427: The rest of the tract houses using the same master template: the resulting houses all look similar as in the above photograph of Markham, Ontario. The overall purpose of a subdivision is to create an environment conducive to overall development and sustained growth, with development defined as: … the design work of lot layout, the construction of drainage structures, the construction of buildings or public use areas,

6225-487: The same time period. East New York's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is higher than the rest of New York City. In East New York, 31% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year , compared to the citywide average of 20% of students. Additionally, 68% of high school students in East New York graduate on time, lower than the citywide average of 75% of students. The New York City Department of Education operates public schools in

6308-457: The second development, opened in 2014. Although East New York has not experienced the same level of gentrification as many other Brooklyn neighborhoods, since the 2010s it has been moving into the pre gentrification stages as real estate companies have been trying to buy up properties and raise property value prices. With the neighborhood rezoned in 2016 under Bill de Blasio's administration , luxury housing developments have been introduced into

6391-538: The subdivision can be registered at the Land Titles Office and titles issued (including bare land condominiums). Exceptions may occur with parcels of land that contain more than one quarter section, a river lot, a lake lot, or some settlement lots created prior to July 1, 1950. Jamaica Pass East New York is a residential neighborhood in the eastern section of the borough of Brooklyn in New York City, United States. Its boundaries, starting from

6474-491: The subdivision. In the Philippines, subdivisions are also known as villages or barangays . In Alberta , subdivision is the dividing of a single parcel of land into two or more parcels, each to be given a separate title. Subdivision is also used for existing lot line adjustments. Notwithstanding a few exceptional circumstances, subdivision approval and endorsement by the local municipality must always be received before

6557-562: The subsection's characterization as a blighted area, and as such, it is largely ignored by neighboring communities. There are plans to add mixed-use areas in Broadway Junction, as well as rezone the area for residential, commercial, and industrial developments, as well as improve transit connectivity in the area. A plan put forth by the New York City Department of Transportation would make Broadway Junction into

6640-515: Was $ 27,000; 40 percent moved from public or subsidized housing)." New developments are rising in the area, including the Gateway Center shopping mall located on what was once part of a landfill near Jamaica Bay . Gateway Center, in Spring Creek , is a suburban-style shopping complex with multiple large stores. Gateway Center consists of two structures. Gateway Center South, the first structure, opened in 2002, and Gateway Center North,

6723-514: Was lower, at 10% and 12% respectively. As of 2016, the median household income in Community Board 5 was $ 36,786. In 2018, an estimated 30% of East New York residents lived in poverty, compared to 21% in all of Brooklyn and 20% in all of New York City. One in ten residents (10%) were unemployed, compared to 9% in the rest of both Brooklyn and New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent,

6806-402: Was renamed Fulton Street, the one to Jamaica, Jamaica Avenue , and the one to Williamsburg , Broadway . East New York (as the Town of New Lots) was annexed as the 26th Ward of the rapidly growing City of Brooklyn in 1886; in 1898 after a decade-long controversy with debates, campaigns and publicity, the community was merged into New York City as a whole with the consolidation of Brooklyn and

6889-457: Was replicated in other parts of the city and country and led to national legislation. The Nehemiah homes were funded by a loan from $ 8 million loan fund from three Brooklyn Churches. Its setup was described as follows by The New York Times the city provides vacant sites, forgives real-estate taxes on the homes (but not the land) for 10 years, and provides what amounts to a $ 10,000 interest-free loan per house. Buyers pay $ 43,500 (their median income

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