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33-528: Prior to its dissolution in 2020, the 1,616-square-kilometre (624 sq mi) municipality was the 42nd largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway. Odda is the 150th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 7,025. The municipality's population density is 4.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (12/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 1.8% over the last decade. In 1927, Erling Johnson , working at Odda Smelteverk , invented

66-573: A fast pace. Cities with high population densities are, by some, considered to be overpopulated, though this will depend on factors like quality of housing and infrastructure and access to resources. Very densely populated cities are mostly in Asia (particularly Southeast Asia ); Africa's Lagos , Kinshasa , and Cairo ; South America's Bogotá , Lima , and São Paulo ; and Mexico City and Saint Petersburg also fall into this category. City population and especially area are, however, heavily dependent on

99-544: A high urbanization level, with an economically specialized city population drawing also on rural resources outside the area, illustrating the difference between high population density and overpopulation . Deserts have very limited potential for growing crops as there is not enough rain to support them. Thus, their population density is generally low. However, some cities in the Middle East, such as Dubai , have been increasing in population and infrastructure growth at

132-418: A little less than the land area of Puerto Rico , 8,868 square kilometres (3,424 sq mi). Although the arithmetic density is the most common way of measuring population density, several other methods have been developed to provide alternative measures of population density over a specific area. Hardangerfjord The Hardangerfjord (English: Hardanger Fjord ) is the fifth longest fjord in

165-534: A process to produce three-component, NPK fertilizers . This process is now known as the Odda process . The municipality of Odda was established on 1 July 1913 when the southern district of Ullensvang was separated out to form its own municipality. Initially, Odda had 3,077 residents. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee . On 1 January 1964,

198-419: A short geographical distance from each other. During its existence, this municipality was governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor was indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Odda was made up of 27 representatives that were elected to four year terms. The party breakdown of the final municipal council

231-616: A significant tourist destination. Visits ranged from English pioneers around 1830 to the German Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II , who visited Odda every year between 1891 and 1914. This led to the construction of several hotels in the municipality. Odda Municipality was centred on the modern town of Odda which grew up around smelters built at the head of the Sørfjorden branch of the Hardangerfjord in

264-574: Is calculated for a county , city , country , another territory or the entire world . The world's population is around 8,000,000,000 and the Earth 's total area (including land and water) is 510,000,000 km (200,000,000 sq mi). Therefore, the worldwide human population density is approximately 8,000,000,000 ÷ 510,000,000 = 16/km (41/sq mi). However, if only the Earth's land area of 150,000,000 km (58,000,000 sq mi)

297-464: Is considered the "fruit orchard of Norway". Later the fjord became the birthplace for a large tourism influx to Norway, and in 1875 Thomas Cook started weekly cruise departures from London to the Hardangerfjord, due to its spectacular nature, glaciers, and grand waterfalls. Soon after this, many of the major waterfalls became the power source for large industries in fjord settlements such as

330-435: Is named after the old Odda farm ( Old Norse : Oddi ) since the first Odda Church was built there. The name is identical with the word oddi which means " headland ". The coat of arms was granted on 8 October 1982 and it was in use until 1 January 2020 when the municipality was dissolved. The official blazon is " Azure , an arrowhead argent " ( Norwegian : På blå grunn ein opprett sølv pilodd ). This means

363-592: Is population divided by total land area , sometimes including seas and oceans, as appropriate. Low densities may cause an extinction vortex and further reduce fertility. This is called the Allee effect after the scientist who identified it. Examples of the causes of reduced fertility in low population densities are: Population density is the number of people per unit of area, usually transcribed as "per square kilometer" or square mile, and which may include or exclude, for example, areas of water or glaciers. Commonly this

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396-490: Is seen as reflecting the strength of will of the community and also the production of hydroelectric power and the important industries based on it. The colors are interpreted as representing the white of the Folgefonna glacier and the snowcapped mountains surrounding Odda and the blue of the fjord cutting deep into the landscape to reach the municipality. The arms were designed by Hallvard Trætteberg . The municipal flag has

429-530: Is taken into account, then human population density is 53/km (140/sq mi). This includes all continental and island land area, including Antarctica . However, if Antarctica is excluded, then population density rises to over 58 per square kilometre (150/sq mi). The European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) has developed a suite of (open and free) data and tools named the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) to improve

462-496: Is used as the backdrop for the fictional town of Edda in the Netflix Norwegian-language drama series Ragnarok . Population density Population density (in agriculture : standing stock or plant density ) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans , but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geographical term. Population density

495-577: The Folgefonna Tunnel connects Odda to the neighboring area of Mauranger in Kvinnherad Municipality , cutting through the mountains under the Folgefonna glacier. Odda Hospital provides health services to the inhabitants of Hardanger. The ambulance station, Folgefonn DPS Odda and the municipal hospital are also located in the hospital area. The population can also receive health services at local health stations. The town

528-576: The Hardangerfjord is Sørfjorden which cuts south about 50 kilometres (31 mi) from the main fjord. Its maximum depth is more than 860 metres (2,820 ft) just outside the village of Norheimsund in the middle of the fjord. Norway's third largest glacier is found on the Folgefonna peninsula , along of the Hardangerfjord. With its three parts, the Folgefonna glacier covers an area of 220 km (85 sq mi), and in 2005 it became protected as Folgefonna National Park . The area of

561-523: The Norwegian spoken in the two communities, relating them to very different geographical origins: The workers in Odda came predominantly (86%) from western Norway. In Tyssedal only about one third came from western Norway; one third came from eastern Norway; and the rest from other parts of the country. The dialects that evolved in these two communities were radically different from each other, though spoken at

594-451: The arms have a blue field (background) and the charge is an arrowhead ( Norwegian : pilodd ) that is pointing upwards. The arrowhead has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The arms are somewhat canting arms since the name of the municipality means headland or point. However, the arrowhead was also chosen because it symbolises power and movement. This

627-451: The city of Bergen . Here the fjord heads in a northeasterly direction between the island of Bømlo and the mainland. It passes by the larger islands of Stord , Tysnesøya , and Varaldsøy on the north/west side and the Folgefonna peninsula on the south/east side. Once it is surrounded by the mainland, it begins to branch off into smaller fjords that reach inwards towards the grand Hardangervidda mountain plateau . The longest branch of

660-547: The definition of "urban area" used: densities are almost invariably higher for the center only than when suburban settlements and intervening rural areas are included, as in the agglomeration or metropolitan area (the latter sometimes including neighboring cities). In comparison, based on a world population of 8 billion, the world's inhabitants, if conceptualized as a loose crowd occupying just under 1 m (10 sq ft) per person (cf. Jacobs Method ), would occupy an area of 8,000 square kilometres (3,100 sq mi)

693-506: The early-twentieth century, drawing migrants from different parts of Norway. As a result, there developed a new dialect, a mixture of that spoken in the home regions of the migrants - a phenomenon termed by linguists "a Koiné language ". The town of Odda and neighboring village of Tyssedal - which arose in the same time and socio-economic circumstances as those of Odda - provided valuable insights to linguists studying this phenomenon. The researcher Paul Kerswill conducted an intensive study of

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726-615: The fjord is divided among several municipalities in Vestland county: Bømlo , Eidfjord , Etne , Kvam , Kvinnherad , Stord , Sveio , Tysnes , Ullensvang , Ulvik , and Voss . The total number of inhabitants living in all these municipalities along the fjord is only slightly more than 70,000 - on a total area of 8,471 square kilometres (3,271 sq mi). About 8,000 BC, the Scandinavian land mass started to rise up as enormous glacial ice started to melt. The lower parts of

759-602: The high mountains in western Odda is the vast Folgefonna glacier , including the Buarbreen glacier near the town of Odda. Part of Folgefonna National Park is in Odda. The western part of the municipality sits on top of the southern part of the Hardangervidda plateau, which also includes part of the Hardangervidda National Park . The mountains Kistenuten and Sandfloegga are located on

792-454: The mid-twentieth century, drawing migrants from different parts of Norway. The carbide production and the subsequent production of cyanamide was started in 1908 after the water power plant was operational and provided the necessary electricity for the arc furnaces. The plant was the largest in the world and remained operational till 2003 shortly after the plant was sold to Philipp Brothers Chemicals Inc. The Norwegian government tried to get

825-406: The neighboring municipality of Røldal (population: 676) was merged into Odda, bringing the total population of the new municipality to 10,163 residents. On 1 January 2020, the three neighboring municipalities of Jondal , Odda, and Ullensvang were merged. The new municipality is called Ullensvang and its administrative centre is the town of Odda . The municipality (originally the parish )

858-574: The plateau. The municipality sat at a crossroads of two major roads. The European route E134 highway runs east–west through Odda municipality, cutting through many mountains in the Røldal Tunnel , Horda Tunnel , Austmannali Tunnel , and Haukeli Tunnel . The other main road is the Norwegian National Road 13 which runs north–south through the municipality. The two roads run together from Seljestad to Håra . At Eitrheim ,

891-526: The same design as the coat of arms. The Church of Norway had four parishes ( sokn ) within the municipality of Odda. It is part of the Hardanger og Voss prosti ( deanery ) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin . The Røldal Stave Church was built in the years 1200–1250 in the present-day village of Røldal . This was one of the oldest structures in the municipality. During the 19th century, Odda became

924-568: The science for policy support to the European Commission Directorate Generals and Services and as support to the United Nations system. Several of the most densely populated territories in the world are city-states , microstates and urban dependencies . In fact, 95% of the world's population is concentrated on just 10% of the world's land. These territories have a relatively small area and

957-463: The site recognized together with other industrial plants as a UNESCO World Heritage Site . In 2010 an international report stated: What makes Odda smelteverk so important and central to the application of Norway’s hydro power sites and pioneer chemical industry as a World Heritage Site is the fact that here in an internationally unique way the physical remains of an early chemical production process are still present. Odda grew up around this smelter in

990-423: The town of Odda . Hardangerfjord has recently seen an increase in tourism . New infrastructure was built for travelers and the location has once again become an industry for the local communities along the fjord. The fjord has good conditions for fish farming . Fish farms yearly produce more than 40,000 tons of salmon and rainbow trout which makes the Hardangerfjord one of four major fish farming regions in

1023-406: The valleys became flooded, and so created what we today know as the Hardangerfjord. The valley was originally not only made through glacial erosion but by the high pressure melting water which pushed its way beneath the ice. The history of the fjord goes far beyond its Viking history, back to the time of hunters on the surrounding mountains, and later on, farming along this fertile area which today

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1056-542: The world, and the second longest fjord in Norway . It is located in Vestland county in the Hardanger region. The fjord stretches 179 kilometres (111 mi) from the Atlantic Ocean into the mountainous interior of Norway along the Hardangervidda plateau. The innermost point of the fjord reaches the town of Odda . The Hardangerfjord starts at the Atlantic Ocean about 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of

1089-455: Was as follows: The mayors ( Nynorsk : ordførar ) of Odda: Odda municipality was very mountainous and the settlements were all located in valleys. Because of the many mountains, there were many large waterfalls including Låtefossen , Espelandsfossen , and Tyssestrengene . There are also many large lakes such as Sandvinvatnet , Votna , Valldalsvatnet , Røldalsvatnet , Ringedalsvatnet , Langavatnet , and parts of Ståvatn . On top of

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