The Karay-a language ( Kinaray-a , Binisayâ nga Kinaray-a or Hinaraya ; English: Harayan ) is an Austronesian regional language in the Philippines spoken by the Karay-a people , mainly in Antique .
42-456: Oton , officially the Municipality of Oton ( [oˈton] ; Kinaray-a : Banwa kang Oton , Hiligaynon : Banwa sang Oton , Tagalog : Bayan ng Oton ), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Iloilo , Philippines . According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 98,509 people making it as the most populous town in the province and the entire Panay island. It
84-497: A 100-hectare (250-acre) central business district. This planned urban development is poised to become a major economic center, attracting investments and providing opportunities for businesses and residents alike. Kinaray-a language It is one of the Bisayan languages , mainly along with Aklanon/Malaynon , Capiznon , Cebuano , and Hiligaynon . Kinaray-a, Kinaray-a Bukidnon, or Hiniraya, possibly deriving from "Iraya." It
126-568: A base to spread Catholicism to neighboring settlements, including Jaro , Iloilo , Tigbauan , Cordova , Alimodian , Igbaras , Tubungan , Camando , Damilisan , and Tiolas . Oton played a vital role in the Manila galleon trade , as new agricultural products from the trade route arrived in the town. Many ships traveling from Cebu would dock in Oton before continuing on to Manila. However, Oton's location made it vulnerable to pirate attacks, prompting
168-738: A four-vowel-grapheme system released by the Komisyon sa Polong Kinaray·a [ ceb ] in 2016 in coordination with the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF), and a six-vowel-grapheme system recommended by the KWF in 2018. The latter builds on Brigadier General Vicente Pangantihon [ es ] 's introduction of a separate letter ⟨ə⟩ for /ɨ/ through the publication of Karay-a Rice Tradition Revisited , but using ⟨ë⟩ in ⟨ə⟩ 's place. Karay·a writings predating Pangantihon's innovation had not graphemically distinguished between /ɨ/ and /u/ . In 2018,
210-634: A four-vowel-grapheme system released by the Komisyon sa Polong Kinaray·a [ ceb ] in 2016 in coordination with the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF), and a six-vowel-grapheme system recommended by the KWF in 2018. The latter builds on Brigadier General Vicente Pangantihon [ es ] 's introduction of a separate letter ⟨ə⟩ for /ɨ/ through the publication of Karay-a Rice Tradition Revisited , but using ⟨ë⟩ in ⟨ə⟩ 's place. Karay·a writings predating Pangantihon's innovation had not graphemically distinguished between /ɨ/ and /u/ . In 2018,
252-462: A mega-project township that will house the largest central business district in Iloilo. Oton is 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) west from Iloilo City . Oton is bordered by the municipality of Tigbauan to the west, San Miguel to the north, Pavia to the northeast, Panay Gulf to the south, and the district of Arevalo, Iloilo City to the east. The town is a part of Metro Iloilo-Guimaras which encompasses
294-594: A phoneme that occurs natively in Karay·a and in some other languages spoken in the Philippines such as Ivadoy , Maranao and Pangasinan . ⟨Ë⟩ is also used for integrated words of relatively recent foreign origin. Separate glyphs for /e/ and /u/ were introduced with the arrival of the Spaniards ; namely ⟨e⟩ and ⟨u⟩ . In line with the KWF's 2018 recommendation,
336-423: A phoneme that occurs natively in Karay·a and in some other languages spoken in the Philippines such as Ivadoy , Maranao and Pangasinan . ⟨Ë⟩ is also used for integrated words of relatively recent foreign origin. Separate glyphs for /e/ and /u/ were introduced with the arrival of the Spaniards ; namely ⟨e⟩ and ⟨u⟩ . In line with the KWF's 2018 recommendation,
378-516: A separate syllable: there are as many vowels as there are syllables. Informal writing, however, contravenes this orthographic rule such as, for example, when words such as balunggay , kambiyo , lanaw , puwede , ruweda and tuáw are written as * balunggai , * kambio , * lanao , * puede , * rueda and * tuao . ⟨Ë⟩ , referred to as malëm·ëk nga ⟨i⟩ and which Pangantihon had originally written as ⟨ə⟩ , represents /ɨ/ ,
420-516: A separate syllable: there are as many vowels as there are syllables. Informal writing, however, contravenes this orthographic rule such as, for example, when words such as balunggay , kambiyo , lanaw , puwede , ruweda and tuáw are written as * balunggai , * kambio , * lanao , * puede , * rueda and * tuao . ⟨Ë⟩ , referred to as malëm·ëk nga ⟨i⟩ and which Pangantihon had originally written as ⟨ə⟩ , represents /ɨ/ ,
462-491: A surge in real estate developments, with a growing number of residential and commercial properties being established in the area. The increasing demand for retail services has resulted in the construction of prominent retail establishments in Oton. Gaisano Oton, Puregold Oton, and Vista Mall Iloilo have been established to cater to the growing retail needs of the town and its surrounding areas. The presence of these retail centers provides convenience for residents and contributes to
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#1732781026333504-749: Is an action like Maninda (literally 'to buy something on the market') instead of Sa tinda (literally, 'to the market'.) Kinaray-a language The Karay-a language ( Kinaray-a , Binisayâ nga Kinaray-a or Hinaraya ; English: Harayan ) is an Austronesian regional language in the Philippines spoken by the Karay-a people , mainly in Antique . It is one of the Bisayan languages , mainly along with Aklanon/Malaynon , Capiznon , Cebuano , and Hiligaynon . Kinaray-a, Kinaray-a Bukidnon, or Hiniraya, possibly deriving from "Iraya." It
546-582: Is spoken in Mindanao, mainly in Sultan Kudarat province. The phonemes /e/ and /o/ are used mostly in non-Karay·a words and were formerly allophonic with /i/ and /u/ , respectively. The phonemes /i/ and /u/ may also be pronounced as [ɪ] and [ʊ] . Among some speakers, /u/ may be pronounced as [ə] , such as when subâ is uttered as [səˈbaʔ] instead of as /suˈbaʔ/ . There are two official orthographic conventions currently in use:
588-462: Is spoken in Mindanao, mainly in Sultan Kudarat province. The phonemes /e/ and /o/ are used mostly in non-Karay·a words and were formerly allophonic with /i/ and /u/ , respectively. The phonemes /i/ and /u/ may also be pronounced as [ɪ] and [ʊ] . Among some speakers, /u/ may be pronounced as [ə] , such as when subâ is uttered as [səˈbaʔ] instead of as /suˈbaʔ/ . There are two official orthographic conventions currently in use:
630-558: Is the second oldest Spanish settlement in the Philippines after Cebu , founded in 1571. Oton is a part of the Metro Iloilo–Guimaras area, centered on Iloilo City . Oton, formerly known as Ogtong , has a rich history dating back to the settlement of Malays in the area. Evidence of this early settlement includes the discovery of a gold death mask in Barangay San Antonio during the 1960s. The town's name, Oton,
672-758: The Soccsksargen region (particularly the province of Sultan Kudarat ) by citizens who trace their roots to Antique or to Karay-a-speaking areas of Panay island. Inhabitants of most towns across the latter areas speak Kinaray-a while Hiligaynon is predominant around coastal areas particularly in Iloilo. It is also spoken in Iloilo City by a minority, particularly in the Arevalo district and few parts of southern Mindoro and parts Capiz and Aklan provinces, as well as Guimaras and some parts of Negros Occidental . There has not been much linguistic study on
714-585: The Soccsksargen region (particularly the province of Sultan Kudarat ) by citizens who trace their roots to Antique or to Karay-a-speaking areas of Panay island. Inhabitants of most towns across the latter areas speak Kinaray-a while Hiligaynon is predominant around coastal areas particularly in Iloilo. It is also spoken in Iloilo City by a minority, particularly in the Arevalo district and few parts of southern Mindoro and parts Capiz and Aklan provinces, as well as Guimaras and some parts of Negros Occidental . There has not been much linguistic study on
756-410: The 2020 census, the population of Oton, Iloilo, was 98,509 people, with a density of 1,100 inhabitants per square kilometre or 2,800 inhabitants per square mile. As a Catholic Dominant Municipality, Oton has two parishes. Parishes: Kinaray-a is the main language of the people in Oton. Hiligaynon is spoken as a secondary language. There is a fairly unnoticed linguistic division of the town between
798-676: The KWF elaborated, Harmonization is not compulsory for older users of the language or individual organizations; it is specifically aimed at helping the Department of Education and teachers to teach any of the native languages . Other organizations are free to adopt their own stylebook in their own publications. The 2018 Pangantihon–KWF orthography provides for six vowel letters: ⟨a⟩ , ⟨e⟩ , ⟨ë⟩ (previously ⟨ə⟩ ), ⟨i⟩ , ⟨o⟩ and ⟨u⟩ . They do not form diphthongs with each other and always indicate
840-618: The KWF elaborated, Harmonization is not compulsory for older users of the language or individual organizations; it is specifically aimed at helping the Department of Education and teachers to teach any of the native languages . Other organizations are free to adopt their own stylebook in their own publications. The 2018 Pangantihon–KWF orthography provides for six vowel letters: ⟨a⟩ , ⟨e⟩ , ⟨ë⟩ (previously ⟨ə⟩ ), ⟨i⟩ , ⟨o⟩ and ⟨u⟩ . They do not form diphthongs with each other and always indicate
882-465: The Spanish colonial authorities to relocate the capital a few kilometers away to La Punta, which is now known as Iloilo City Proper , in the 1600s. This move was intended to enhance the town's defense against pirate raids. In the 21st century, Oton is not only an agricultural town but it is also booming and slowly becoming a commercial center with investments by Vista Land . The company is investing in
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#1732781026333924-531: The above, ⟨c⟩ , ⟨ñ⟩ , ⟨q⟩ and ⟨x⟩ are used only in names and unintegrated loan words. The digraph ⟨ng⟩ constitutes a single letter and represents the phoneme /ŋ/ . In the old orthography, which followed the Spanish norms set forth by the Real Academia Española , this phoneme was represented by ⟨n͠g⟩ ,
966-403: The above, ⟨c⟩ , ⟨ñ⟩ , ⟨q⟩ and ⟨x⟩ are used only in names and unintegrated loan words. The digraph ⟨ng⟩ constitutes a single letter and represents the phoneme /ŋ/ . In the old orthography, which followed the Spanish norms set forth by the Real Academia Española , this phoneme was represented by ⟨n͠g⟩ ,
1008-528: The alphabet has 23 consonant letters: ⟨b⟩ , ⟨c⟩ , ⟨d⟩ , ⟨f⟩ , ⟨g⟩ , ⟨h⟩ , ⟨j⟩ , ⟨k⟩ , ⟨l⟩ , ⟨m⟩ , ⟨n⟩ , ⟨ñ⟩ , ⟨ng⟩ , ⟨p⟩ , ⟨q⟩ , ⟨r⟩ , ⟨s⟩ , ⟨t⟩ , ⟨v⟩ , ⟨w⟩ , ⟨x⟩ , ⟨y⟩ and ⟨z⟩ . Of
1050-528: The alphabet has 23 consonant letters: ⟨b⟩ , ⟨c⟩ , ⟨d⟩ , ⟨f⟩ , ⟨g⟩ , ⟨h⟩ , ⟨j⟩ , ⟨k⟩ , ⟨l⟩ , ⟨m⟩ , ⟨n⟩ , ⟨ñ⟩ , ⟨ng⟩ , ⟨p⟩ , ⟨q⟩ , ⟨r⟩ , ⟨s⟩ , ⟨t⟩ , ⟨v⟩ , ⟨w⟩ , ⟨x⟩ , ⟨y⟩ and ⟨z⟩ . Of
1092-510: The dialects of Kinaray-a. Speakers both of Kinaray-a and Hiligaynon would however admit to hearing the differences in the ways by which Kinaray-a speakers from different towns speak. Differences in vocabulary can also observed between and among the dialects. The differences and the degrees by which the dialects differ from each other depend largely on the area's proximity to another different language-speaking area. Thus, in Antique, there are, on
1134-455: The dialects of Kinaray-a. Speakers both of Kinaray-a and Hiligaynon would however admit to hearing the differences in the ways by which Kinaray-a speakers from different towns speak. Differences in vocabulary can also observed between and among the dialects. The differences and the degrees by which the dialects differ from each other depend largely on the area's proximity to another different language-speaking area. Thus, in Antique, there are, on
1176-809: The island. However, in modern times, Kinaray-a remains in use as a primary language in the province of Antique and the western part of Iloilo province. Kinaray-a is spoken mainly in Antique . It is also spoken in Iloilo province as a primary language in the city of Passi , in the municipalities of Alimodian , San Joaquin , Lambunao , Calinog , Leon , Miag-ao , Pavia , Badiangan , San Miguel , Guimbal , San Enrique , Tigbauan , Igbaras , Leganes , Pototan , Bingawan , San Rafael , Mina , Zarraga , Oton , Santa Barbara , Cabatuan , Janiuay , Maasin , New Lucena , Dueñas , Dingle , and Tubungan , and certain villages in Palawan and Mindanao – especially in
1218-703: The island. However, in modern times, Kinaray-a remains in use as a primary language in the province of Antique and the western part of Iloilo province. Kinaray-a is spoken mainly in Antique . It is also spoken in Iloilo province as a primary language in the city of Passi , in the municipalities of Alimodian , San Joaquin , Lambunao , Calinog , Leon , Miag-ao , Pavia , Badiangan , San Miguel , Guimbal , San Enrique , Tigbauan , Igbaras , Leganes , Pototan , Bingawan , San Rafael , Mina , Zarraga , Oton , Santa Barbara , Cabatuan , Janiuay , Maasin , New Lucena , Dueñas , Dingle , and Tubungan , and certain villages in Palawan and Mindanao – especially in
1260-546: The language. Those who come from other areas, like Iloilo City and Negros Island , have difficulty in understanding the language, if they can at all. It is a misconception among some Hiligaynon speakers that Kinaray-a is a dialect of Hiligaynon; the reality is that the two belong to two different, but related, branches of the Bisayan languages. However, most Karay-a also know Hiligaynon as their second language. To some extent, an intermediate dialect of Hiligaynon and Kinaray-a
1302-491: The language. Those who come from other areas, like Iloilo City and Negros Island , have difficulty in understanding the language, if they can at all. It is a misconception among some Hiligaynon speakers that Kinaray-a is a dialect of Hiligaynon; the reality is that the two belong to two different, but related, branches of the Bisayan languages. However, most Karay-a also know Hiligaynon as their second language. To some extent, an intermediate dialect of Hiligaynon and Kinaray-a
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1344-400: The local economy. Oton also hosts a number of banking institutions, ensuring accessibility to financial services for its residents and businesses. This availability of banking services supports economic activities and facilitates transactions within the town. In terms of agriculture, rice production and fruits play a significant role in Oton's economy. These agricultural sectors contribute to
1386-657: The local food supply and support the livelihoods of many residents. Additionally, the town boasts a number of hotels, resorts, and restaurants, catering to the needs of tourists and visitors, further enhancing its economic potential. An important development in Oton is the Vista City Iloilo. Spanning 500 hectares (1,200 acres), this flagship master-planned city by Vista Land in the Visayas stretches from Barangay Polo Maestra Bita to Barangay Abilay Norte. Alongside existing residential areas, Vista City Iloilo will feature
1428-1365: The northern parts, varieties that are similar to Aklanon , the language of Aklan, its neighbor on the north. On the south, in Iloilo towns on the other hand, the dialects closely resemble that of the standard Kinaray-a spoken in San Jose de Buenavista , lowland Sibalom and Hamtic . A distinct dialect of Karay-a is spoken in central Iloilo where a lot of Hiligaynon loanwords are used and some Kinaray-a words are pronounced harder as in rigya or ja ('here') of southern Iloilo and San José de Buenavista area as compared to giya of Janiuay, Santa Barbara, and nearby towns. Two highly accented dialects of Kinaray-a can be heard in Anini-y and Tobias Fornier in Antique and San Joaquin, Leon, and Tubungan in Iloilo. Some dialects differ only on consonant preference like y vs h . e.g. bayi/bahi ('girl') or l vs r e.g. wala/wara . Some have distinct differences like sayëd/kadë ('ugly') and rangga/gëba ('defective'). Due to geographic proximity and mass media Kinaray-a-speakers can understand Hiligaynon (also known as Ilonggo) speakers. However, only Hiligaynon speakers who reside in Kinaray-a-speaking areas can understand
1470-1187: The northern parts, varieties that are similar to Aklanon , the language of Aklan, its neighbor on the north. On the south, in Iloilo towns on the other hand, the dialects closely resemble that of the standard Kinaray-a spoken in San Jose de Buenavista , lowland Sibalom and Hamtic . A distinct dialect of Karay-a is spoken in central Iloilo where a lot of Hiligaynon loanwords are used and some Kinaray-a words are pronounced harder as in rigya or ja ('here') of southern Iloilo and San José de Buenavista area as compared to giya of Janiuay, Santa Barbara, and nearby towns. Two highly accented dialects of Kinaray-a can be heard in Anini-y and Tobias Fornier in Antique and San Joaquin, Leon, and Tubungan in Iloilo. Some dialects differ only on consonant preference like y vs h . e.g. bayi/bahi ('girl') or l vs r e.g. wala/wara . Some have distinct differences like sayëd/kadë ('ugly') and rangga/gëba ('defective'). Due to geographic proximity and mass media Kinaray-a-speakers can understand Hiligaynon (also known as Ilonggo) speakers. However, only Hiligaynon speakers who reside in Kinaray-a-speaking areas can understand
1512-482: The tilde stretching over both letters in order to distinguish it from ⟨ng⟩ and ⟨ñ⟩ , which represented the Spanish /ŋɡ/ and /ɲ/ , respectively. In contrast to ⟨ng⟩ , the digraph ⟨ts⟩ , which represents /t͡ʃ/ , is not counted as a distinct letter. Saying Diin kaw maagto? (literally 'Where are you going?') is a common way to greet people. The question does not need to be answered directly. The usual answer
1554-482: The tilde stretching over both letters in order to distinguish it from ⟨ng⟩ and ⟨ñ⟩ , which represented the Spanish /ŋɡ/ and /ɲ/ , respectively. In contrast to ⟨ng⟩ , the digraph ⟨ts⟩ , which represents /t͡ʃ/ , is not counted as a distinct letter. Saying Diin kaw maagto? (literally 'Where are you going?') is a common way to greet people. The question does not need to be answered directly. The usual answer
1596-517: The two aforementioned languages; the eastern part, or the urban part bordering Iloilo City, primarily speaks Hiligaynon, while the western part bordering the other 1st district municipalities generally speaks both Kinaray-a and Hiligaynon. Poverty incidence of Oton Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Oton's economy is experiencing significant growth, driven by several factors. The town benefits from its geographic advantage, being in close proximity to Iloilo City. This advantage has led to
1638-463: The whole island province of Guimaras with its municipalities, the Iloilo City , and the Iloilo provincial towns of Pavia , Leganes , San Miguel , Santa Barbara , and Cabatuan . Oton is politically subdivided into 37 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . The Municipality of Oton belongs to the 1st District of Iloilo. Listed below are the respective population of each barangay as of 2020 census. In
1680-593: Was mentioned in records from the Yuan Dynasty in the 1300s, referred to as in Hokkien Chinese : 啞陳 ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : A-tân . The arrival of the Spanish in the mid-16th century marked a significant turning point in Oton's history. The Spanish designated Oton as the capital of Alcaldia de Oton (now the province of Iloilo) which covered the islands of Panay , Guimaras , Negros , Tablas , Sibuyan , and Romblon . Spanish missionaries used Oton as
1722-565: Was the primary language spoken by the majority of the Panay people whom the first Spanish colonizers encountered upon their arrival and subsequent settlement in Ogtong (now Oton, Iloilo) between the late 16th and early 17th centuries. This was before the linguistic evolution that eventually led to the Hiligaynon language of Iloilo gaining dominance as the common language over Kinaray-a on
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1764-404: Was the primary language spoken by the majority of the Panay people whom the first Spanish colonizers encountered upon their arrival and subsequent settlement in Ogtong (now Oton, Iloilo) between the late 16th and early 17th centuries. This was before the linguistic evolution that eventually led to the Hiligaynon language of Iloilo gaining dominance as the common language over Kinaray-a on
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