65-521: Reworld , formerly Covanta (legal name; Reworld Holding Corporation ), is a private energy-from-waste and industrial waste management services company headquartered in Morristown, New Jersey . Most of its revenue comes from operating incineration facilities that serve a secondary purpose as power plants that burn trash as fuel. Reworld charges a fee for waste disposal and sells the electricity and metal slag produced from waste incineration. Reworld
130-553: A Chicago -based utilities holding company that had been under a court-ordered trusteeship since 1937. Its subsidiaries included the Laclede Gas Company , Interstate Power Company, Missouri Natural Gas Company, Missouri Electric Power Company, Central State Utilities Corporation, and Central States Power and Light Corporation. The Atlas Corporation controlled the Ogden Corporation from its founding until it
195-517: A California-based fruit and vegetable canner. Tillie Lewis was appointed to Ogden's board of directors, becoming the company's first female director. The following year, Ogden entered the frozen food business when it purchased Prosser Packers of Prosser, Washington . That same year it purchased ABC Consolidated, a food and refreshment firm that owned cafeterias, restaurants, snack bars, and the Nedick's fast food chain. Ogden's food division became one of
260-724: A biological process, converts organic waste into biogas (mainly methane and carbon dioxide) through microbial action. This biogas can be harnessed for energy production or processed into biomethane , which can serve as a substitute for natural gas. The WtE process contributes to circular economy principles by transforming waste products into valuable resources, reducing dependency on fossil fuels, and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. However, challenges remain, particularly in ensuring that emissions from WtE plants, such as dioxins and furans , are properly managed to minimize environmental impact. Advanced pollution control technologies are essential to address these concerns and ensure WtE remains
325-783: A capacity of 20,675 tons-per-day to 24 plants with a capacity of 28,135 tons-per-day. By 1995, half of Ogden's revenues were from energy-from-waste projects. That year, Ogden was restructured into three divisions: aviation, energy, and entertainment. In December 1995, Ogden sold its bioservices unit to the McKesson Corporation . In 1997 it sold its building-maintenance and engineering-services operations in New York City to ABM Industries . In 1998 Ogden sold its aviation catering business to SC International Services, an Onex Corporation subsidiary that also owned SkyChefs and Caterair . In 1999, Richard Ablon resigned as CEO. He
390-533: A community group is actively opposing their local waste-to-energy facility, Sintana Vergara, an assistant professor in the Department of Environmental Resources Engineering at Humboldt State University in California, commented that community resistance is based on both the pollution and the fact that many of these facilities have been sited in communities without any community input, and without any benefits to
455-719: A dual benefit: it disposes of waste while generating energy, making it an efficient process for both waste reduction and energy production. In addition to combustion, other WtE technologies focus on converting waste into fuel sources . For example, gasification and pyrolysis are processes that thermochemically decompose organic materials in the absence of oxygen to produce syngas, a synthetic gas primarily composed of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and small amounts of carbon dioxide. This syngas can be converted into methane , methanol , ethanol , or even synthetic fuels , which can be used in various industrial processes or as alternative fuels in transportation. Furthermore, anaerobic digestion ,
520-407: A form of energy recovery, WtE plays a crucial role in both waste management and sustainable energy production by reducing the volume of waste in landfills and providing an alternative energy source. The most common method of WtE is direct combustion of waste to produce heat, which can then be used to generate electricity via steam turbines. This method is widely employed in many countries and offers
585-539: A hotel/casino on the site of the abandoned horse track, however, lack of support led to Ogden selling the property in 1998. Ogden Entertainment produced Victor/Victoria , The Old Man and the Sea , Amazon , and Mark Twain's America . In 1998, Ogden began construction on Jazzland , a 140-acre theme park located in New Orleans. In 1999, it acquired several water parks, including Wet'n Wild Inc. Ogden entered
650-473: A plant's furnace does not contain toxic materials. Some environmentalist distrust government monitoring of Covanta's emission stacks, and have lobbied for more regulation. Additionally, Covanta has been cited numerous times for exceeding air pollution standards. For example, one Covanta plant in New Jersey was fined for violating emission standards; in 2010, a related lawsuit was settled for $ 875,000, which
715-546: A thermal treatment process in Collie, Western Australia. The system will process 1.5 tonnes of organic matter per hour. Annually the facility will divert 4000 tonnes of municipal waste from landfill and source an additional 8000 tonnes of organic waste from agricultural and forestry operations. Renergi’s patented “grinding pyrolysis” process aims to converts organic materials into biochar, bio-gases and bio-oil by applying heat in an environment with limited oxygen. Another project in
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#1732772696459780-703: A total of 93.5 MW installed capacity of waste-to-energy, with a pipeline of projects in different preparation phases together amounting to another 373MW of capacity. Biofuel Energy Corporation of Denver, Colorado, opened two new biofuel plants in Wood River, Nebraska , and Fairmont, Minnesota , in July 2008. These plants use distillation to make ethanol for use in motor vehicles and other engines. Both plants are currently reported to be working at over 90% capacity. Fulcrum BioEnergy, located in Pleasanton, California ,
845-529: A viable, environmentally sound solution. WtE technologies present a significant opportunity to manage waste sustainably while contributing to global energy demands. They represent an essential component of integrated waste management strategies and a shift toward renewable energy systems. As technology advances, WtE may play an increasingly critical role in both reducing landfill use and enhancing energy security. Gasification and pyrolysis processes have been known and used for centuries and for coal as early as
910-439: Is a relatively old method of WtE generation. Incineration generally entails burning waste (residual MSW, commercial, industrial and RDF) to boil water which powers steam generators that generate electric energy and heat to be used in homes, businesses, institutions and industries. One problem associated is the potential for pollutants to enter the atmosphere with the flue gases from the boiler. These pollutants can be acidic and in
975-477: Is an environmentally-friendly way to produce power and dispose of garbage that would otherwise fill landfills. Critics are concerned about unintentional releases of toxic materials from such facilities. Covanta itself has simultaneously received awards for a positive impact on the environment, while being sued and seeing protests for negative environmental impacts. A 2008 study by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency found that waste-to-energy plants were better for
1040-478: Is an open one, as European countries which recycle the most (up to 70%) also incinerate to avoid landfilling . Incinerators have electric efficiencies of 14-28%. In order to avoid losing the rest of the energy, it can be used for e.g. district heating ( cogeneration ). The total efficiencies of cogeneration incinerators are typically higher than 80% (based on the lower heating value of the waste). The method of incineration to convert municipal solid waste (MSW)
1105-429: Is building a WtE plant near Reno, NV . The plant is scheduled to open in 2019 under the name of Sierra BioFuels plant. BioEnergy incorporated predicts that the plant will produce approximately 10.5 million gallons per year of ethanol from nearly 200,000 tons per year of MSW. Waste-to-energy technology includes fermentation , which can take biomass and create ethanol , using waste cellulosic or organic material. In
1170-539: Is from biogenic material. Consequently, this energy is often recognised as renewable energy according to the waste input. Several methods have been developed by the European CEN 343 working group to determine the biomass fraction of waste fuels, such as Refuse Derived Fuel /Solid Recovered Fuel. The initial two methods developed (CEN/TS 15440) were the manual sorting method and the selective dissolution method . A detailed systematic comparison of these two methods
1235-464: Is ground and melted and then pyrolyzed. Catalytic converters help in the process. The vapours are condensed with oil or fuel and accumulated in settling tanks and filtered. Fuel is obtained after homogenation and can be used for automobiles and machinery. It is commonly termed as thermofuel or energy from plastic. A new process uses a two-part catalyst, cobalt and zeolite, to convert plastics into propane . It works on polyethylene and polypropylene and
1300-448: Is rapidly cooled to prevent the formation of toxic compounds, then goes through additional processing. Government agencies regulate and monitor Covanta emission stacks for harmful toxins. Filters and other equipment are in place to remove most of the harmful particulates, and activated carbon removes most of the mercury. Steam is then released into the atmosphere. Supporters of waste-to-energy facilities say burning trash to produce energy
1365-466: Is still the global warming potential of the landfill gas being emitted to atmosphere. For example, in the US in 1999 landfill gas emission was approximately 32% higher than the amount of CO 2 that would have been emitted by combustion. In addition, nearly all biodegradable waste is biomass . That is, it has biological origin. This material has been formed by plants using atmospheric CO 2 typically within
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#17327726964591430-562: Is the largest user in thermal treatment of municipal solid waste in the world, with 40 million tons. Some of the newest plants use stoker technology and others use the advanced oxygen enrichment technology. Several treatment plants exist worldwide using relatively novel processes such as direct smelting, the Ebara fluidization process and the Thermoselect JFE gasification and melting technology process. As of June 2014, Indonesia had
1495-642: The Capital Centre , Rosemont Horizon , Palacio de los Deportes , Target Center , Anaheim Arena , Anaheim Stadium , and Rich Stadium . Ogden was a major investor as well as the manager of the Corel Centre in Ottawa . In 1994, Ogden purchased Phoenix Park Racecourse in Dublin . The company planned on constructing a 2,500-seat conference center, a 65,000-seat stadium, a 12,000-seat indoor arena, and
1560-792: The 18th century.... Development technologies for processing [residual solid mixed waste] has only become a focus of attention in recent years stimulated by the search for more efficient energy recovery. (2004) Incineration, the combustion of organic material such as waste with energy recovery, is the most common WtE implementation. All new WtE plants in OECD countries incinerating waste (residual MSW , commercial, industrial or RDF ) must meet strict emission standards, including those on nitrogen oxides (NO x ), sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), heavy metals and dioxins . Hence, modern incineration plants are vastly different from old types, some of which neither recovered energy nor materials. Modern incinerators reduce
1625-410: The 1980s were reported to cause environmental degradation by turning rain into acid rain . Modern incinerators incorporate carefully engineered primary and secondary burn chambers, and controlled burners designed to burn completely with the lowest possible emissions, eliminating, in some cases, the need for lime scrubbers and electro-static precipitators on smokestacks. By passing the smoke through
1690-493: The German Environmental Ministry, "because of stringent regulations, waste incineration plants are no longer significant in terms of emissions of dioxins, dust, and heavy metals". Compared with other waste to energy technologies, incineration seems to be the most attractive due to its higher power production efficiency, lower investment costs, and lower emission rates. Additionally, incineration yields
1755-662: The Rockingham Industrial Zone, roughly 45 kilometres south of Perth will see a 29 MW plant built with capacity to power 40,000 homes from an annual feedstock of 300,000 tonnes of municipal, industrial and commercial rubbish. As well as supplying electricity to the South West Interconnected System, 25 MW of the plant’s output has already been committed under a power purchase agreement. The Reppie waste to energy plant in Ethiopia
1820-718: The United States, there is already an equivalent carbon 14 method under the standard method ASTM D6866. The second method (so-called balance method ) employs existing data on materials composition and operating conditions of the WtE plant and calculates the most probable result based on a mathematical-statistical model. Currently the balance method is installed at three Austrian and eight Danish incinerators. A comparison between both methods carried out at three full-scale incinerators in Switzerland showed that both methods came to
1885-541: The basic lime scrubbers, any acids that might be in the smoke are neutralized which prevents the acid from reaching the atmosphere and hurting the environment. Many other devices, such as fabric filters, reactors, and catalysts destroy or capture other regulated pollutants. According to the New York Times, modern incineration plants are so clean that "many times more dioxin is now released from home fireplaces and backyard barbecues than from incineration". According to
1950-536: The combined process self-sustaining. In thermal WtE technologies, nearly all of the carbon content in the waste is emitted as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to the atmosphere (when including final combustion of the products from pyrolysis and gasification; except when producing biochar for fertilizer). Municipal solid waste (MSW) contain approximately the same mass fraction of carbon as CO 2 itself (27%), so treatment of 1 metric ton (1.1 short tons) of MSW produce approximately 1 metric ton (1.1 short tons) of CO 2 . In
2015-498: The community. According to a 2019 United Nations Environment Programme report, there are 589 WtE plants in Europe and 82 in the United States. The following are some examples of WtE plants. A single plant is currently under construction: The US Air Force once tested a Transportable Plasma Waste to Energy System (TPWES) facility (PyroGenesis technology) at Hurlburt Field, Florida. The plant, which cost $ 7.4 million to construct,
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2080-422: The company get out of bankruptcy, restructure, and sell itself. Covanta came out of bankruptcy in 2004, when it was purchased by Danielson Holding Corporation. In 2005, Danielson sold Ogden's interests in casinos, hockey stadiums, and other areas to focus on its energy-from-waste business. Later that year, Covanta acquired an energy-from-waste business called American Ref-Fuel for $ 2 billion. In 2009, Covanta bought
2145-542: The company purchased Suffolk Downs . In 1972, Odgen introduced greyhound racing at Wheeling Downs. Ogden Recreation formed a security subsidiary, Ogden Security, which was headed by former Boston Police Commissioner Edmund McNamara . In the 1980s, Ogden shifted from primarily a manufacturing business to a services company. Its first investment in the services industry was the $ 118 million acquisition of Allied Maintenance Corporation in 1982. Ogden undertook 19 acquisitions and mergers between 1983 and 1991. In 1986 Suffolk Downs
2210-584: The company purchased the Eimco Corporation and the American Foundry & Machine Company of Salt Lake City . Eimco manufactured filtration equipment and American Foundry & Machine made iron and steel castings. In 1959, Ogden acquired Avondale Marine Ways Inc., a New Orleans shipbuilding company. In 1962, former Luria Brothers president Ralph E. Ablon became president and chairman of Ogden. In 1966, Ogden acquired Tillie Lewis Foods,
2275-542: The completion of its $ 5.3 billion acquisition of Covanta Holding Corporation and announced its new CEO, Azeez Mohammed. In April 2024, Covanta renamed itself to Reworld. Reworld develops and operates facilities that burn trash to produce electricity, recover metals from the waste stream for recycling, and provide other industrial waste management services. As of 2013, about 60% of the revenue of Reworld came from selling trash disposal services and 25% from selling electricity produced by burning trash. The remainder of its revenue
2340-462: The contribution of carbon capture and storage . Power generation using plastic waste will significantly increase by 2050. Carbon must be separated during energy recovery processes. Otherwise, the fight against global warming would fail due to plastic waste. MSW to a large extent is of biological origin (biogenic), e.g. paper, cardboard, wood, cloth, food scraps. Typically half of the energy content in MSW
2405-415: The converted fuel, thereby allowing higher combustion temperatures in e.g. boilers , gas turbines , internal combustion engines , fuel cells . Some advanced technologies are able to efficiently convert the energy in the feedstocks into liquid or gaseous fuels, using heat but in the absence of oxygen, without actual combustion, by using a combination of thermal technologies. Typically, they are cleaner, as
2470-682: The energy-from-waste business in 1983, when it acquired intellectual property rights to the Martin GmbH incinerator technology commonly used in Europe, as well as a method of hazardous waste disposal. The company formed Ogden Martin Systems as a subsidiary for its energy-from-waste business. By 1986, Ogden had five energy-from-waste plants under construction and agreements in place to build four more. In 1993, Ogden subsidiary Ogden Projects, Inc. acquired ABB ’s energy-from-waste business. This increased Ogden's energy-from-waste business from 21 plants with
2535-412: The energy-from-waste business of Veolia Environment for $ 450 million. This was followed by acquisitions of environmental services companies Advanced Waste Services and GARCO for undisclosed sums in 2014. In 2015, Covanta appointed Stephen J. Jones as its new CEO. As of October 2020, Michael Ranger has succeeded Stephen J. Jones as Covanta's CEO. In December 2021, the investment firm EQT Group announced
2600-421: The environment than landfills, in part because they do not emit landfill gas and reduce reliance on coal and oil fueled generation stations. A study by Columbia University said if waste-to-energy was as popular in the United States as it is in Europe, the U.S. would reduce carbon emissions by 264 million tons annually. However, many environmentalists are skeptical about Covanta's claim that the steam emitted from
2665-485: The event that the waste was landfilled , 1 metric ton (1.1 short tons) of MSW would produce approximately 62 cubic metres (2,200 cu ft) methane via the anaerobic decomposition of the biodegradable part of the waste. This amount of methane has more than twice the global warming potential than the 1 metric ton (1.1 short tons) of CO 2 , which would have been produced by combustion. In some countries, large amounts of landfill gas are collected. However, there
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2730-458: The feedstock is separated prior to treatment to remove the unwanted components: Thermal treatment technologies include: Non-thermal technologies: During the 2001–2007 period, the waste-to-energy capacity increased by about four million metric tons per year. Japan and China each built several plants based on direct smelting or on fluidized bed combustion of solid waste. In China there were about 434 waste-to-energy plants in early 2016. Japan
2795-406: The fermentation process, the sugar in the waste is converted to carbon dioxide and alcohol, in the same general process that is used to make wine. Normally fermentation occurs with no air present. Esterification can also be done using waste-to-energy technologies, and the result of this process is biodiesel . The cost-effectiveness of esterification will depend on the feedstock being used, and all
2860-421: The highest amount of electricity with the highest capacity to lessen pile of wastes in landfills through direct combustion. One process that is used to convert plastic into fuel is pyrolysis , the thermal decomposition of materials at high temperatures in an inert atmosphere. It involves change of chemical composition and is mainly used for treatment of organic materials. In large scale production, plastic waste
2925-737: The information they look for when considering such proposals. A 2019 report commissioned by the Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives (GAIA), done by the Tishman Environment and Design Center at The New School , found that 79% of the then 73 operating waste-to-energy facilities in the U.S. are located in low-income communities and/or "communities of color", because "of historic residential, racial segregation and expulsive zoning laws that allowed whiter, wealthier communities to exclude industrial uses and people of color from their boundaries." In Chester, Pennsylvania , where
2990-614: The last growing season. If these plants are regrown the CO 2 emitted from their combustion will be taken out from the atmosphere once more. Such considerations are the main reason why several countries administrate WtE of the biomass part of waste as renewable energy . The rest—mainly plastics and other oil and gas derived products—is generally treated as non-renewables . The CO 2 emissions from plastic waste-to-energy systems are higher than those from current fossil fuel-based power systems per unit of power generated, even after considering
3055-695: The one commissioned by the Renewable Energy Association in the UK, have been published that demonstrate how the carbon 14 result can be used to calculate the biomass calorific value. The UK gas and electricity markets authority, Ofgem , released a statement in 2011 accepting the use of Carbon 14 as a way to determine the biomass energy content of waste feedstock under their administration of the Renewables Obligation. Their Fuel Measurement and Sampling (FMS) questionnaire describes
3120-414: The other relevant factors such as transportation distance, amount of oil present in the feedstock, and others. Gasification and pyrolysis by now can reach gross thermal conversion efficiencies (fuel to gas) up to 75%, however, a complete combustion is superior in terms of fuel conversion efficiency. Some pyrolysis processes need an outside heat source which may be supplied by the gasification process, making
3185-409: The propane yield is approximately 80%. There are a number of other new and emerging technologies that are able to produce energy from waste and other fuels without direct combustion. Many of these technologies have the potential to produce more electric power from the same amount of fuel than would be possible by direct combustion. This is mainly due to the separation of corrosive components (ash) from
3250-563: The same results. Carbon 14 dating can determine with precision the biomass fraction of waste, and also determine the biomass calorific value . Determining the calorific value is important for green certificate programs such as the Renewable Obligation Certificate program in the United Kingdom. These programs award certificates based on the energy produced from biomass. Several research papers, including
3315-523: The three biggest arena concession vendors in the United States. In 1968, Ogden purchased Mack Brothers, a company that manufactured frozen meats for airlines. In 1979, Ogden bought Progresso for $ 35 million. In 1986 Ogden Foods was sold to Pet, Inc. for $ 320 million. In 1968, Ogden formed the Ogden Development Corporation after it purchased Charles Luckman Associates, a real estate, engineering, and architectural firm. Luckman
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#17327726964593380-491: The time. Covanta works with local governments to safely dispose of unwanted prescription drugs. In 2014, there was a controversy about whether an Oregon Covanta facility was burning aborted fetuses and other human body parts as part of a biomedical waste disposal program. Energy-from-waste Waste-to-energy (WtE) or energy-from-waste (EfW) refers to a series of processes designed to convert waste materials into usable forms of energy, typically electricity or heat. As
3445-406: The trash is organic substances. It also burns a smaller amount of pharmaceutical byproducts, like expired medicines. Each ton of garbage contains about 50 pounds of metal that is removed with magnets, then sold for recycling. At its plants, Reworld feeds trash into a furnace burning at 1,800 degrees Fahrenheit. The furnace produces steam that rotates a turbine, powering a generator. The remaining ash
3510-658: The volume of the original waste by 95-96 percent, depending upon composition and degree of recovery of materials such as metals from the ash for recycling. Incinerators may emit fine particulate , heavy metals, trace dioxin and acid gas , even though these emissions are relatively low from modern incinerators. Other concerns include proper management of residues: toxic fly ash , which must be handled in hazardous waste disposal installation as well as incinerator bottom ash (IBA), which must be reused properly. Critics argue that incinerators destroy valuable resources and they may reduce incentives for recycling. The question, however,
3575-535: Was changed to Covanta, a portmanteau of cooperation and advantages, to represent its focus on energy. Covanta and its 155 subsidiaries filed for bankruptcy in 2002. The bankruptcy was prompted by the California electricity crisis and the economic downturn following the September 11 attacks . In 2004, Anthony Orlando was appointed CEO. That same year, 20 banks agreed to provide $ 463 million in financing to help
3640-602: Was closed and sold at a government liquidation auction in May 2013, less than three years after its commissioning. The opening bid was $ 25. The winning bid was sealed. Besides large plants, domestic waste-to-energy incinerators also exist. For example, the Refuge de Sarenne has a domestic waste-to-energy plant. It is made by combining a wood-fired gasification boiler with a Stirling motor . Renergi will scale up their system of converting waste organic materials into liquid fuels using
3705-500: Was founded in 1939 as the Ogden Corporation . After starting as a public utility holding company it became a diverse conglomerate which had holdings in manufacturing, horse and greyhound racing , real estate, food, maritime transportation, arena management, and entertainment until its 2001 restructuring into a strictly energy business. In 1939, Ogden Corporation was founded as a successor to Utilities Power and Light,
3770-513: Was from metal recycling, construction, and other services. As of 2018, Reworld operated more than 40 waste-to-energy plants in North America, China, and Europe. Most of the revenue of Reworld came from long-term contracts with local governments or utility providers. It also benefits from tax incentives for green energy projects. As of 2018, the company burned 20 million tons of trash annually and recycled 550,000 tons of metal. A majority of
3835-477: Was named president of Ogden Development. In 1968, Ogden acquired Soros Associates , which designed and developed bulk handling and port facilities. That same year it purchased Bulk Transport Inc., which operated 18 bulk carriers. In 1979 Ogden purchased two 37,800-ton tankers from United Tanker Corporation for $ 31 million. In 1969, Odgen purchased Edwards Enterprises , which owned Waterford Park , Scarborough Downs , Fairmount Park , and Wheeling Downs . In 1972
3900-413: Was published in 2010. Since each method suffered from limitations in properly characterizing the biomass fraction, two alternative methods have been developed. The first method uses the principles of radiocarbon dating . A technical review (CEN/TR 15591:2007) outlining the carbon 14 method was published in 2007. A technical standard of the carbon dating method (CEN/TS 15747:2008) is published in 2008. In
3965-449: Was replaced by Scott Mackin. Mackin sought to sell off all of Ogden's non-energy assets. In 2000 the company sold its theme and water parks to Alfa Holdings for $ 148 million, its concessions, food, uniform, and child-care interests to Aramark for $ 225 million, its aviation ground services company to John Menzies for $ 117.8 Million, and its fixed-base operator business to Consolidated Lamda Holdings for $ 27 million. In 2001, Ogden's name
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#17327726964594030-594: Was sold to Buddy LeRoux . By 1987, substantially all of Ogden's revenues were from services it didn't previously provide, like warehousing, running concession stands at stadiums, and janitorial services. In 1990, Ralph E. Ablon was succeeded as president and CEO by his son Richard. In 1991, it acquired a professional services company called ERC Environmental and Energy Services for $ 80 million. Ogden's entertainment division provided concession, merchandise, maintenance, cleaning, security, parking, and facility management services as well as concert promotions. Its clients included
4095-703: Was sold to the Allen family in 1951. Benjamin G. Brewster, general auditor for the Atlas Corporation, served as Ogden's first president. He was succeeded by Maurice L. Sindeband . As part of the reorganization of the Utilities Power and Light, Ogden was obligated to divest its utility interests so that it would comply with the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 . By 1948, Ogden's only remaining utility holding
4160-550: Was the Interstate Power Company. In 1953, Ogden entered the manufacturing field when it acquired W. A. Case & Son Manufacturing Company , a manufacturer and distributor of plumbing and heating supplies, from Allen & Company. That same year the company purchased Teleregister from Western Union . In 1955, Ogden purchased Commercial Filters Corporation, an electronics and plumbing firm, and Luria Brothers & Co., an iron and steel scrap business. In 1957
4225-546: Was used for a local green space program. Similar problems have led to fines and settlements for mercury emissions in Florida, tetrachlorodibenzodioxin emissions in Connecticut, and for a spill of hydrated lime in Dublin, Ireland . An academic from Columbia University has said most energy-from-waste criticisms are related to dated technology or misinformation. Covanta said it is compliant with emission standards 99.9% of
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