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43-432: Ōhori , Ohori or Oohori (written: 大堀 lit. "big canal") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include: "Ōhori" originally meant a large moat. It is derived from Kuroda Nagamasa , a lord of Fukuoka , who reclaimed the northern half of Kusage, an inlet facing Hakata Bay . He then made a moat for the Fukuoka castle . Kuroda Nagamasa His childhood name was Shojumaru (松寿丸). In 1577, when Nagamasa

86-487: A child was Yashamaru , and first name was Toranosuke . He was one of Hideyoshi 's Seven Spears of Shizugatake . Kiyomasa was born in what is now Nakamura-ku, Nagoya (situated in contemporary Aichi District , Owari Province ) to Katō Kiyotada. Kiyotada's wife, Ito, was a cousin of Toyotomi Hideyoshi 's mother. Kiyotada died while his son, Kiyomasa (then known as Toranosuke), was still young. Soon after, Toranosuke entered into Hideyoshi's service, and in 1576, at age 15,

129-764: A conspiracy to kill Ishida Mitsunari. It is said that the reason for this conspiracy was the dissatisfaction of those generals towards Mitsunari, as he had written poor assessments and had underreported the achievements of those generals during the Imjin war against the Korean & Chinese empires. However, despite the classical historiography depicting the event as "seven generals who conspired against Mitsunari", modern historian Watanabe Daimon has pointed out that there were many more generals involved such as Hachisuka Iemasa , Tōdō Takatora , and Kuroda Yoshitaka who brought their troops and entourages to confront Mitsunari as well. In

172-510: A conspiracy to kill Ishida Mitsunari. It was said that the reason of this conspiracy was dissatisfaction of those generals towards Mitsunari as he wrote bad assessments and underreported the achievements of those generals during the Imjin war against Korea & Chinese empire. At first, these generals gathered at Kiyomasa's mansion in Osaka Castle , and from there they moved into Mitsunari's mansion. However, Mitsunari learned of this through

215-546: A few companions and was immediately assassinated while drinking by Nagamasa's order. Nagamasa then dispatched soldiers to Gogen-ji Temple, ordering them to kill all of the Ki clan's vassals. In addition, Nagamasa's forces stormed the castle of the Ki clan, captured it, and killed Shigefusa's father, Ki Nagafusa. Following this, Nagamasa executed his hostage, Tsuruhime, along with 13 maids by crucifixion at Senbonmatsukawara in Hirotsu, on

258-586: A formidable warrior were it not for two factors that decided Kiyomasa, otherwise a Toyotomi loyalist. First, the Western forces were led by Ishida Mitsunari, whom Katô loathed as a civilian interloper and had quarreled with during the Korean campaign; and second, the Western forces included Konishi Yukinaga . Although Konishi's navy had aided Kiyomasa quite a bit at the Siege of Ulsan, the two men despised each other as much as ever. Katô joined with Tokugawa and during

301-706: A mediator for the increasingly complicated relationship between Ieyasu and Toyotomi Hideyori . In 1611, en route by sea to Kumamoto after one such meeting, he fell ill, and died shortly after his arrival. He was buried at Honmyō-ji temple in Kumamoto, but also has graves in Yamagata Prefecture and Tokyo . Kiyomasa is also enshrined in many Shinto shrines in Japan , including Katō Shrine in Kumamoto. His son, Katō Tadahiro, succeeded him as Higo no kami 肥後守 (provincial governor of Higo), but his fief (Kumamoto)

344-516: A report from a servant of Toyotomi Hideyori named Jiemon Kuwajima, and fled to Satake Yoshinobu 's mansion together with Shima Sakon and others to hide. When the seven generals found out that Mitsunari was not in the mansion, they searched the mansions of various feudal lords in Osaka Castle, and Kato's army also approached the Satake residence. Therefore, Mitsunari and his party escaped from

387-632: The kampaku in the summer of 1585, Kiyomasa received the court title of Kazue no Kami (主計頭, head of the accounting bureau) and junior 5th court rank, lower grade ( ju go-i no ge 従五位下). In 1587, he fought in the Kyūshū campaign against the Shimazu clan . Later, after Higo Province was confiscated from Sassa Narimasa , he was granted 250,000 koku of land in Higo (roughly half of the province), and given Kumamoto Castle as his provincial residence. Kiyomasa

430-547: The Battle of Shizugatake . In 1587, Nagamasa achieved great success in subduing Takarabe castle in Hyuga during Kyūshū campaign . However, there was a difficult daimyo in the area named Ki Shigefusa, who responded to Hideyoshi's order ambivalently during the war, incurring Hideyoshi's anger. On April 20th 1588, Nagamasa invited Shigefusa to Nakatsu Castle with the pretense of hospitality. Shigefusa entered Nakatsu Castle with only

473-775: The Mōri clan of the Western Army, via their vassal Kikkawa Hiroie , colluded with the Eastern Army and promised the Mōri clan would change sides during battle, on the condition that they would be pardoned after the war ended. Correspondences between the Mōri clan and the Eastern Army involved Hiroie representing the West, with Nagamasa and his father as representatives of the East. During these discussions they promised to grant pardons to Hiroie and

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516-403: The Osaka Castle campaigns . Kuroda Nagamasa possessed Japanese armor or Dō which is simple on its body armor parts. However, armor sets of Nagamasa were notable for his elegant style Kabuto helmets. one of them has unique shape of wave-like ornament on top of it which named ichi-no-tani . Another one has buffalo horns shaped ornaments on the side. Nagamasa is a playable character from

559-476: The Eastern Army in the original Kessen . Kuroda is also a popular historical figure. His life, and his relationship to Tokugawa, has been dramatized many times in the annual NHK Taiga Drama series. Kat%C5%8D Kiyomasa Katō Kiyomasa ( 加藤 清正 , July 25, 1562 – August 2, 1611) was a Japanese daimyō of the Azuchi–Momoyama and Edo periods . His court title was Higo-no-kami . His name as

602-520: The Eastern Army's eventual victory. As a reward for his performance in the battle, Ieyasu granted Nagamasa Chikuzen – 520.000 koku – in exchange for his previous fief of Nakatsu in Buzen . In 1612, Nagamasa went to Kyoto with his eldest son Kuroda Tadayuki, and Tadayuki was given the surname Matsudaira by Tokugawa Hidetada , the second shogun of the Edo shogunate. Later in 1614-1615, he participated in

645-545: The Heroes of Japanese History and Violent Women ”, gave his assessment that the reason for Mitsunari's failure in his war against Ieyasu was due to his unpopularity among the major political figures of that era. As the Sekigahara Campaign broke out, Nagamasa sided with the Eastern Army led by Ieyasu. On August 21st, The Eastern Army Alliance, who had sided with Ieyasu Tokugawa, attacked Takegahana castle which

688-476: The Imjin war he built several strategic Japanese-style castles in the territories he conquered. Ulsan castle was one of such fortresses and the site of Kiyomasa's most famous battle — the Siege of Ulsan on December 22, 1597. Kiyomasa led the defense of the castle, successfully holding at bay Chinese general Yang Hao 's army, which numbered 60,000. He defended the castle until November 23, 1598. However, his bravery

731-520: The Kiso River and engaged in a battle at Yoneno, routing Hidenobu forces. Elsewhere, Takegahana castle was being reinforced by a general with the Western Army faction named Sugiura Shigekatsu. The second Eastern Army group led by Nagamasa and others crossed the river and launched a direct attack on Takegahana Castle at 9:00 AM on August 22nd. As a final act of defiance, Shigekatsu himself set the castle on fire and committed suicide. On September 14th,

774-571: The Korean campaign, there is a famous anecdote which is attributed to Katō Kiyomasa that he was hunting a tiger during his free time. However, recent research revealed that this was falsely attributed to Kiyomasa, while the one it actually applied to was Nagamasa. According to popular belief, in 1598, after the death of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the government of Japan had an incident when seven military generals consisting of Fukushima Masanori , Katō Kiyomasa , Ikeda Terumasa , Hosokawa Tadaoki , Asano Yoshinaga , Katō Yoshiaki , and Kuroda Nagamasa planned

817-414: The Mōri clan following the war. On October 21st, Nagamasa participated in the Battle of Sekigahara on Tokugawa Ieyasu 's side. At the final phase of the battle, with the Eastern Army victorious, Nagamasa directed his attention towards Shima Sakon . As a result, Sakon was shot and fatally wounded by a round from an arquebus; one of Nagamasa's soldiers managed to kill Shima Sakon, thus securing part of

860-471: The Satake residence and barricaded themselves at Fushimi Castle . The next day, the seven generals surrounded Fushimi Castle with their soldiers as they knew Mitsunari was hiding there. Tokugawa Ieyasu , who was in charge of political affairs in Fushimi Castle trying to arbitrate the situation. The seven generals requested Ieyasu to hand over Mitsunari, which refused by Ieyasu. Ieyasu then negotiated

903-514: The Sekigahara campaign (August–October 1600) fought Ishida's allies on Kyushu and took a number of Konishi's castles. He was preparing to invade the Shimazu domain when the campaign ended and Ieyasu ordered him to stand down. For his service, Katô was awarded the other half of Higo (formerly owned by Konishi, who was executed in the wake of Sekigahara), bringing his income to nearly 500,000 koku. In his later years, Kiyomasa tried to work as

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946-408: The accident, that this was more of legal conflict between those generals with Mitsunari, rather than a conspiracy to murder him. The role of Ieyasu was not to physically protect Mitsunari from any harm, but instead to mediate the complaints of those generals. Nevertheless, historians view this incident not just as simple personal issues between those generals and Mitsunari, but more as an extension of

989-518: The army's 3rd Division of 5,000 men during the first invasion (1592–1593). In 15 July, following the Battle of Imjin River , Nagamasa led his forces west into Hwanghae Province, where he participated in the first Siege of Pyongyang . After a sally from the Korean forces which inflicted heavy losses on Japanese forces, Nagamasa launched counter attacks to push back the Koreans into a river that protected

1032-551: The banks of the Yamakuni River. In 1589, Kuroda Yoshitaka decided to retire from his position as the head of Kuroda clan, and Nagamasa inherited the family lordship. During this time, Hideyoshi issued an edict to expel all Christian missionaries, and Nagamasa, who was a Christian like his father, announced that he would renounce his faith. Nagamasa also participated in Hideyoshi's Korean campaign , where he commanded

1075-437: The beginning, these generals had gathered at Kiyomasa's mansion in Osaka Castle , and from there they moved into Mitsunari's mansion. However, when Mitsunari learned of this through a report from a servant of Toyotomi Hideyori named Jiemon Kuwajima, he fled to Satake Yoshinobu 's mansion together with Shima Sakon and others to hide. When the seven generals found out that Mitsunari was not present in his mansion, they searched

1118-492: The city. As the Korean forces retreated by heading upstream where the river was shallow enough to cross, the Japanese forces followed their trail, discovering a way to reach the city without crossing over the deep river. Before entering the city, Nagamasa and Konishi Yukinaga sent scouts ahead. After confirming the city had been abandoned by the defenders, Nagamasa and Japanese forces entered the city and secured food supplies from

1161-649: The conflict of Sekigahara between the Eastern army led by Tokugawa Ieyasu and the Western army led by Ishida Mitsunari. Muramatsu Shunkichi, writer of " The Surprising Colors and Desires of the Heroes of Japanese History and violent womens ”, gave his assessment that the reason of Mitsunari failure in his war against Ieyasu was due to his unpopularity among the major political figures of that time. Later, Kiyomasa started approaching Tokugawa Ieyasu . both Tokugawa Ieyasu and Ishida Mitsunari courted his support. Ishida's so-called Western forces might well have gotten themselves

1204-612: The first Korean campaign, Nagamasa, along with other Japanese generals, mounted a genocidal operation called Nadegiri in the region of Jeolla Province , where they systematically mutilated their victims and collected the noses of Koreans they killed. In the second part of the campaign (1597-1598), he held command in The Army of the Right. At this time, Nagamasa participated in the first defense of Ulsan , where he led reinforcements for Katō Kiyomasa with 600 mens. During his tenure in

1247-467: The mansions of various other feudal lords in Osaka Castle, while Kato's army was approaching the Satake residence. During this time, Mitsunari and his party had escaped from the Satake residence and barricaded themselves at Fushimi Castle . The following day, the generals surrounded Fushimi Castle with their soldiers as they were aware Mitsunari was hiding there. Tokugawa Ieyasu , who was in charge of political affairs in Fushimi Castle attempted to arbitrate

1290-536: The political rivalries of greater scope between the Tokugawa faction and the anti-Tokugawa faction led by Mitsunari. Since this incident, those military figures who were on bad terms with Mitsunari would later support Ieyasu during the conflict of Sekigahara between the Eastern army led by Tokugawa Ieyasu and the Western army led by Ishida Mitsunari. Muramatsu Shunkichi, writer of " The Surprising Colors and Desires of

1333-579: The promised to let Mitsunari retire and to review the assessment of the Battle of Ulsan Castle in Korea which became the major source of this incident, and had his second son, Yūki Hideyasu , to escort Mitsunari to Sawayama Castle. However, historian Watanabe Daimon stated from the primary and secondary sources text about the accident this was more of legal conflict between those generals with Mitsunari, rather than conspiracy to murder him. The role of Ieyasu here

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1376-427: The single-mindedness and Spartan attitudes of the man, [they] demonstrate emphatically that the warrior's first duty in the early 17th century was simply to 'grasp the sword and die'. Kiyomasa married a daughter of Mizuno Tadashige , Shōjō-in, who was adopted by Tokugawa Ieyasu prior to their marriage. Their daughter, Yōrin-in, would go on to marry Tokugawa Ieyasu 's 10th son, Tokugawa Yorinobu . In 1910, Kiyomasa

1419-484: The situation. The generals requested Ieyasu hand over Mitsunari, which Ieyasu refused to do. Ieyasu then negotiated a compromise to allow Mitsunari retire, as well as review the assessment of the Battle of Ulsan Castle in Korea, which was one of the main issues that led to the incident. He had his second son, Yūki Hideyasu , escort Mitsunari to Sawayama Castle. However, historian Watanabe Daimon has also stated in gathering from primary and secondary source texts written about

1462-417: The war, he apparently hunted tigers for sport, using a yari ( spear ), and later presented the pelts to Hideyoshi. Some versions of the story say he was in fact hunting tigers to catch them alive, in order to bring their meat to Hideyoshi, as he thought it would improve his lord's health, but later, the tigers were killed because of the lack of food for his men. Kiyomasa was a renowned castle-builder. During

1505-426: The warehouses. On 16 October 1597, Nagamasa arrived at Jiksan, where he clashed against 6,000 Ming soldiers in the Battle of Jiksan . After dusk, the battle ended without a clear result. Later on, Nagamasa launched a night raid using a crane formation pincer attack with the intention of crushing enemy forces from each end. However, this raid failed and resulted in a rout that was joined by 2,000 Ming cavalry. During

1548-423: Was a Christian, Kiyomasa being noted for brutally suppressing and persecuting Christianity . At the battle of Hondo, he ordered his men to cut open the bellies of all pregnant Christian women and cut off their infants' heads. William Scott Wilson describes Katō Kiyomasa thus: "He was a military man first and last, outlawing even the recitation of poetry, putting the martial arts above all else. His precepts show

1591-511: Was a small child, his father was tried and sentenced as a spy by Oda Nobunaga . Nagamasa was kidnapped and nearly killed as a hostage. With the help of Yamauchi Kazutoyo and his wife, Yamauchi Chiyo and Takenaka Hanbei ended up rescuing him. After Nobunaga was killed in the Honnō-ji Incident in 1582, Nagamasa served Toyotomi Hideyoshi along with his father and participated in the invasion of Chūgoku . In 1583 Nagamasa participated in

1634-435: Was confiscated, and he was exiled (kaieki; attaindered) in 1632 by Tokugawa Iemitsu on suspicion of conspiring against him, possibly with the likes of Tokugawa Tadanaga , who was ordered to commit seppuku in 1633. A devoted believer of Nichiren Buddhism , Kiyomasa encouraged the building of Nichiren temples across his domains. He came into conflict with Konishi Yukinaga , who ruled the other half of Higo province, and

1677-523: Was defended by Oda Hidenobu , an ally of the Mitsunari faction. The Eastern Army split themselves into two groups, with 18,000 soldiers led by Ikeda Terumasa and Asano Yoshinaga dispatched to the river crossing, while 16,000 soldiers led by Nagamasa, Fukushima Masanori, Hosokawa Tadaoki, Kyogoku Kochi, Ii Naomasa, Katō Yoshiaki , Tōdō Takatora , Tanaka Yoshimasa, and Honda Tadakatsu headed downstream at Ichinomiya . The first group led by Terumasa crossed

1720-545: Was granted a stipend of 170 koku . In 1582, he fought in Hideyoshi's army at the Battle of Yamazaki , and later in 1583 at the Battle of Shizugatake . Owing to his achievement in that battle, he became known as one of the Seven Spears of Shizugatake and was rewarded with 3,000 additional koku . In 1584, Kiyomasa took part in the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute against the Tokugawa clan . When Hideyoshi became

1763-570: Was not reported to Hideyoshi by his rival and superior Ishida Mitsunari . Hideyoshi recalled him to Kyōto . As did a number of other daimyōs who participated in the invasion of Korea , he took a group of captive Korean potters back to his fief in Kyūshū . According to popular theory In 1598 after the death of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the government of Japan have an accident when seven military generals consisted of Fukushima Masanori , Katō Kiyomasa , Ikeda Terumasa , Hosokawa Tadaoki , Asano Yoshinaga , Katō Yoshiaki , and Kuroda Nagamasa planned

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1806-515: Was not to physically protect Mitsunari from any physical harm from them, but to mediate the complaints of those generals. Nevertheless, historians viewed this incident not just as simply personal problems between those seven generals and Mitsunari, but rather as an extension of the political rivalries of greater scope between the Tokugawa faction and the anti-Tokugawa faction led by Mitsunari. Since this incident, those military figures who were on bad terms with Mitsunari would later support Ieyasu during

1849-630: Was one of the three senior commanders during the Seven-Year (Imjin) War (1592–1598) against the Korean Joseon . Together with Konishi Yukinaga , he captured Seoul , Busan and many other cities. He defeated the last of the Korean regulars at the Battle of Imjin River and pacified Hamgyong . The Korean king Seonjo abandoned Seoul before Kiyomasa's forces. Kiyomasa held two Korean princes who had deserted as hostages and used them to force lower-ranking Korean officials to surrender. During

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