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26-514: In 1923, glass industrialist and Ojai developer Edward Libbey built a golf course on the site. The golf course, known until the 1940s as the Ojai Valley Country Club , was laid out by noted golf course designer, George C. Thomas Jr. Libby reportedly gave Thomas complete freedom in designing the course, telling Thomas: "Go ahead and build me the finest course that can be built on my property and use whatever land you wish. Give me

52-523: A number of glassware products, primarily tableware , drinkware and stemware . Historically, it was also involved in producing other types of glass products, such as automotive glass, glass drinking bottles, and light bulbs. The New England Glass Company was originally founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts , by Amos Binney, Edmund Munroe, Daniel Hastings, and Deming Jarves on February 16, 1818. The company produced both blown and pressed glass objects in

78-536: A number of years. During this time the company was involved in the production of automotive glass in its partnership with Ford Motor Company . The other part of the partnership — between Edward Libbey and inventor Michael Joseph Owens of the Owens Bottle Machine Company — proved valuable, as Owens developed the first automatic manufacturing methods for light bulbs, which, after adapted to manufacture Libbey's glass products, greatly increased

104-492: A variety of colors, which had engraved , cut , etched , and gilded decorations. The firm was one of the first glass companies to use a steam engine to operate its cutting machines, and it built the only oven in the country that could manufacture red lead , a key ingredient in the making of so-called flint glass . By the middle of the nineteenth century, the New England Glass Company was considered one of

130-733: Is a glass production company headquartered in Toledo, Ohio . It was originally founded in 1818 in Cambridge, Massachusetts , as the New England Glass Company, before relocating to Ohio in 1888 and renaming to Libbey Glass Co . After it was purchased in 1935, it operated as part of the Libbey-Owens-Ford company and as a division of the Owens-Illinois glass company until 1993, when it was separated back into an independent company. The company manufactures

156-590: Is regarded as the father of the glass industry in Toledo, Ohio , where he opened the Libbey Glass Company (later Libbey, Inc. ) in 1888. Libbey was born April 17, 1854, in Chelsea, Massachusetts , USA. After attending Boston University , he worked for the New England Glass Company beginning in 1874, becoming president from 1883 to 1886. In 1888 Edward Libbey moved the New England Glass Company from Cambridge, Massachusetts, to Toledo, Ohio . In 1892

182-788: The New York Stock Exchange in June 1993. The company marked its 200th anniversary in 2018. In April that year, the Toledo Museum of Art featured a variety of glass artwork from its collection, all produced by Libbey over several decades. The company also hosted an invitation-only event in May that included performances from the Toledo Symphony Orchestra , as well as a public event at the museum. In March 2019, Libbey announced that it had hired Mike Bauer,

208-754: The 1820s, the company exhibited at the American Institute Fair , won a Franklin Institute award for "skill and ingenuity," and established agencies in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. The company took full advantage of the introduction of pressed glass and its business grew rapidly. Within 25 years, the glass industry was Cambridge's top employer in 1845 and again in 1855, when two companies, New England and Bay State, each employed more than 500 people. Engraver Louis F. Vaupel (1824–1903), who joined New England Glass in 1856, led its creation in

234-549: The 1860s and 1870s of high-quality cut and engraved products, including very fine paperweights . The company flourished as one of America's leading glass manufacturers through the Civil War , but the development of inexpensive soda-lime glass in West Virginia brought a deep decline in sales, which dropped from about $ 500,000 in 1865 to $ 232,304 in 1876, when the workforce had been reduced to only 200 laborers. In 1877,

260-714: The California store and were going to begin production in China, beginning in 2007. He was the founder of the Toledo Museum of Art in 1901, serving as its president from 1901 to 1925, funding building construction, and bequeathing to the museum his collection of Dutch and English art. Libbey High School in Toledo, Ohio, was named after him. Edward Libbey's coming to the Ojai Valley in Southern California

286-580: The Libbey Glass division for an estimated $ 225 million. The sale was viewed as a negative sign for the industry, as earlier that year the Libbey-Owens-Ford Co. had considered (but ultimately decided against) moving its headquarters to Monroe, Michigan , while Toledo was still struggling to maintain its status as a significant glass exporter. Libbey would be spun off as an independent company, and would make its initial public offering on

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312-907: The addition of Casa Elar, a five-bedroom residence offering "ultimate luxury and privacy." In 2022 the inn is a member of the Historic Hotels of America , a program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation , and has been since 1991. The property has been used as a shooting location for several films as follows: The property was also for many years a destination for Hollywood celebrities, including Clark Gable , Walt Disney , Lana Turner , Nancy and Ronald Reagan , Irene Dunne , Loretta Young , Zsa Zsa Gabor , Judy Garland , and Hoagy Carmichael . 34°26′16″N 119°15′18″W  /  34.4378°N 119.2551°W  / 34.4378; -119.2551 Edward Libbey Edward Drummond Libbey (April 17, 1854 – November 13, 1925)

338-706: The best. Money will be no object." The golf course, situated in the Ojai Valley, offers views of the Upon its completion, the course was hailed as the prettiest in Southern California. The Los Angeles Times later wrote that the course, with its brooks and ancient oak trees, "was designed to look as if it had been there forever." The clubhouse, surrounded by oak trees, was designed by architect Wallace Neff in Spanish Colonial style. In 1934,

364-432: The city and the surrounding valley. Libbey's pergola was destroyed in 1971, after being damaged in an explosion. It was rebuilt in the early 2000s to complete the architectural continuity of the downtown area. Edward Drummond Libbey High School , on Edward Drummond Libbey Way, is named for Edward Drummond Libbey. Libbey Incorporated Libbey, Inc. , (formerly Libbey Glass Company and New England Glass Company )

390-685: The company changed its name to Libbey Glass Company . Libbey's success depended heavily on the inventions of Michael Joseph Owens . In 1903, Libbey founded the Owens Bottle Machine Company (later Owens-Illinois ), and in 1916, the Libbey-Owens Sheet Glass Company , serving as president of both firms. Libby Glass had five glass manufacturing facilities in the United States, including one in City of Industry, California. In 2004-2005, Libbey announced that they were closing

416-531: The company's directors withdrew from active participation, leasing the property to William Libbey, their agent since 1870. William L. Libbey took over the company in 1878 and renamed it the New England Glass Works, Wm. L. Libbey & Sons Props. In 1888, William's son, Edward Drummond Libbey , moved the company to Toledo, Ohio . The company's name was changed to The Libbey Glass Company in 1892, and it became part of Libbey-Owens-Ford for

442-484: The company's production output. Owens' contributions to the automation methods in the glass and bottling industries spread throughout the United States as the popularity of bottled drinks (and glass products as a whole) became more popular and cheaper to produce in the coming decades. Libbey Glass Company was acquired by Owens-Illinois Glass Company in 1935, but in 1993 it was spun off as an independent company. In April 1993, Owens-Illinois announced that it would sell

468-683: The country club was expanded to add an inn. The new two-story building was designed by Ausen Pierpont and was connected to the clubhouse by an enclosed glass passageway. During World War II , the property was taken over by the military. Early in the war, it was used as an Army camp with barracks built on the golf course. In 1944, the Navy took over the property for overflow housing from the Port Hueneme Naval Base . The clubhouse and grounds were used by Navy personnel as officers' quarters and for Seabee units and parade grounds. The property

494-524: The former president of Master Lock Company , to replace Bill Foley as chief executive officer. Foley would retire, but remain as a board chairman. In June 2020, Libbey announced plans to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection as the result of negative financial effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic . Prior to the announcement, Libbey had awarded a total of over $ 3 million in bonuses to its executive staff in an attempt to dissuade them from leaving

520-502: The leading glasshouses in the United States, best known for its cut and engraved glass. At its start, the company occupied a disused East Cambridge warehouse erected by the recently failed Boston Porcelain and Glass Company. It was fitted with two flint furnaces, 24 steam-operated glass-cutting mills, and a red-lead furnace, which in combination could produce many types of plain, molded, and cut glass. The company charter permitted it to manufacture " flint and crown glass of all kinds in

546-798: The newly popular Spanish Colonial Revival style of architecture . The projects included a Spanish-style arcade along the main street, a bell-tower reminiscent of the famous campanile of the Basilica Menor de San Francisco de Asis in Havana , and a pergola opposite the arcade. To thank Libbey for his gifts to the town, the citizens proposed a celebration to take place on March 2 of each year. Libbey declined their offer to call it "Libbey Day", and instead suggested "Ojai Day". The celebration still takes place each year in October. The arcade and bell tower still stand, and have come to serve as symbols of

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572-422: The resort's tennis and fitness facilities, and restoring the golf course. The property reopened following the renovation in 1988. In 1997, the 31,000 square feet (2,900 m) Spa Ojai was added in a four-story Spanish Colonial Revival building with a 50-foot-high bell tower. The spa building was designed by architect David Bury. The property underwent a $ 90-million renovation ending from 2003 to 2006 that included

598-545: The towns of Boston and Cambridge." At that time, about 40 glass factories existed in the United States, though most had few employees. Deming Jarves held one key advantage over his competitors in the glass manufacturing business; he held the American monopoly on red lead (litharge), which was essential for the production of fine lead glass. In 1826, however, Jarves left to found the Boston and Sandwich Glass Company . Through

624-415: Was also rebuilt to a length of 6,800 feet and addition of a reservoir water hazard. In the mid-1980s, the property was purchased by Jim and Paula Crown , grandchildren of Henry Crown . Over the next three years, the new owners reportedly spent $ 35 million renovating the hotel, doubling the capacity to 218 guest rooms, adding a new swimming pool and conference center capable of seating 500 persons, expanding

650-633: Was returned to the country club after the war. In April 1945, Bing Crosby and Bob Hope hosted a fundraiser at the property for the Navy Relief Welfare fund. In 1946 or 1947, the property was purchased for $ 250,000 by a syndicate led by hotelier Don Burger. Burger renamed the property as the Ojai Valley and began developing it as a resort. In 1947, he added a swimming pool and the first hotel unit of 50 rooms with large bedrooms, mattresses with 200 hand-tied muslin springs, and interior design by Barbara Barondess MacLean . The 18-hole golf course

676-471: Was the main turning point in the development of the city of Ojai , located in Ventura County, California . He saw the Ojai Valley and 'fell in love,' thinking up many plans for expansion and beautification of the existing rustic town. A fire destroyed much of the original western-style downtown Nordhoff/Ojai in 1917. Afterwards Libbey helped design, finance, and build a new downtown more in line with

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