Misplaced Pages

#984015

40-523: In May 1689, Matsudaira Nobunari, the adopted son of the castellan of Sunpu Castle , and a wakadoshiyori in the Tokugawa Shogunate was elevated from his former hatamoto status of 4000 koku , to daimyō status of 10,000 koku , and assigned the territory of Ojima, to the east of Sunpu , to be his domain. He was also authorized to start his own branch of the Matsudaira clan ,

80-465: A castle, the stone ramparts were constructed in the same manner as a small Japanese castle and reach the height of four meters in places. After the Meiji restoration, the jin'ya building was used as an elementary school before it was demolished in 1928. The site was later used for a public hall by Ojima village. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1979. As with most domains in

120-575: A castle. The problem lay in exerting control and authority in each area when a leader could only be in one place at a time. To overcome this, they appointed castellans as their trusted vassals to manage a castle in exchange for obligations to the landlord, often a noble. In the 9th century, as fortifications improved and kings had difficulty making their subordinates pay their taxes or send the military aid they demanded, castellans grew in power, holding their fiefdoms without much concern for their overlord's demands. This changed as kings grew in power and as

160-484: A free noble or a ministerialis , but either way, he administered the castle as a vassal . A ministerialis , was wholly subordinate to a lord and was under his control. Ministeriales replaced free nobles as castellans of Hohensalzburg under Conrad I of Abensberg ’s tenure as Archbishop of Salzburg from 1106 to 1147, beginning with Henry of Seekirchen in the 1130s. In the Medieval Kingdom of Hungary

200-482: A page, and later as Obangashira . His wife was a daughter of Tamura Tatsuaki of Ichinoseki Domain ; however, both of his sons died in childhood. His grave is at the temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya , Taito, Tokyo . Matsudaira Nobutaka ( 松平信嵩 , 1710-April 22, 1724) was the 3rd daimyō of Ojima Domain. He was the sixth son of Matsudaira Nabutsune of Sasayama Domain , the brother sister of Matsudaira Nobunari. He

240-568: A popular Kibyōshi was published in Edo by Koikawa Harumachi which was highly satirical of the shogunal administration. This came to the attention of the authorities, who discovered that "Koikawa Tarumachi" was a pen-name for Kurahashi Itaru, one of Nobunori's senior retainers. Nobunari was forced to retire in 1800 and died a year later. His grave is at the temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya, Taito, Tokyo. Matsudaira Nobukado ( 松平信圭 , 1776-April 2, 1820)

280-569: The French Revolution . During the 19th and 20th centuries, châtelain was used to describe the owner of a castle or manor house, in many cases a figure of authority in his parish, akin to the English squire . In Germany the castellan was known as a Burgmann , or sometimes Hauptmann ("captain"), who reported to the lord of the castle, or Burgherr , also often known as the burgrave ( Burggraf ). The burgmann may have been either

320-471: The Holy Roman Emperors replaced recalcitrant vassals with rival ministerial appointments. Usually the duties of a castellan consisted of military responsibility for the castle's garrison , maintaining defences and protecting the castle's lands, combined with the legal administration of local lands and workers including the castle's domestic staff. The responsibility applied even where there

360-701: The Lodz Voivodeship , and Wojnicz now in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship or Otmuchów in Silesia . In France, castellans (known in French as châtelains ) who governed castellanies without a resident count , acquired considerable powers such that the position became hereditary. By the tenth century, the fragmentation of power had become so widespread that in Mâcon , for instance, where

400-821: The Officers of the Kingdom of Jerusalem . Anselm was the first such castellan, c. 1110. A castellan was established in Valletta on the island of Malta. In the Kingdom of Poland and later the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth , castellans ( Polish : Kasztelan ) were the lowest rung of the territorial administration of the country and deferred to voivodes (with the exception of the Burgrave of Kraków (Polish Burgrabia krakowski ) who had precedence over

440-616: The Voivode of Kraków ). Castellans were in charge of a subdivision of a voivodeship called the castellany (Polish Kasztelania ) until the 15th-century. From then on castellanies, depending on their size, either became provinces , or in the case of smaller domains were replaced by powiats and the castellan role became honorific and was replaced in situ by a Starosta . Castellans in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth were of senatorial rank and were often appointed from

SECTION 10

#1732775940985

480-490: The han system , Ojima Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned kokudaka , based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields. All of the domain's territory was within Suruga Province. Matsudaira Nobunari ( 松平信孝 , 1655-September 17, 1690) was the 1st daimyō of Ojima Domain. He was a younger son of Matsudaira Tsukenobu of Sasayama Domain and

520-482: The Takiwaki Matsudaira clan ( 滝脇松平家 ) . During the period of the 4th daimyō , Matsudaira Masanobu, the domain faced bankruptcy, which he attempted to resolve with such a large increase in taxes that its peasants rose in a revolt in 1768. Fiscal problems continued over the years, with the 8th daimyō , Matsudaira Nobumoto publishing a tract attempting the explain to both his retainers and his peasants on

560-497: The castellan of Uxelles annexed first Briançon , then Sennecey-le-Grand and finally l'Épervière. In other areas, castellans did not manage to rise to noble status and remained the local officer of a noble. During the Ancien Régime , castellans were heads of local royal administration, and their power was further delegated to their lieutenants. All remaining lordships and local royal administrators were suppressed during

600-575: The castellan was called "várnagy", and in the Latin chronicles he appeared as "castellanus". The lord of the castle had very similar functions to those in German lands. In Hungary the King initially designated castellans from among his court for the administration of castles and estates. Later designation of castellans devolved to the most powerful noblemen. At one time there was a castellan nominated from among

640-567: The castellanies of Ivry-la-Bataille , Nonancourt , Pacy-sur-Eure , Vernon and Gaillon , all in Normandy, which under in the treaty of Issoudun of 1195, after a war with King Richard I of England , were acquired for the French crown by Philip Augustus . Examples of castellanies in Poland include: Łęczyca and Sieradz (both duchies at one time), Spycimierz , Rozprza , Wolbórz now in

680-478: The castellany was the basic unit of governance, there was no effective administrative level above it, so that the counts of Mâcon were largely ignored by their subordinate castellans from about 980 to 1030. In the 12th century châtelains had become "lords" in their own right and were able to expand their territories to include weaker castellanies. Thus the castellan of Beaujeu was able to take over lands in Lyons , or

720-658: The death of her husband John de Bonvillars in 1287. The title of "governor" is retained in the English prison system , as a remnant of the medieval idea of the castellan as head of the local prison. During the Migration Period after the fall of the Western Roman Empire (third to sixth century), foreign tribes entered Western Europe, causing strife. The answer to recurrent invasion was to create fortified areas which evolved into castles . Some military leaders gained control of several areas, each with

760-530: The death penalty, as when, in 1111, the Salzburg castellan caught the minister fomenting armed rebellion and had the offender blinded, "as one would a serf". Later the castellan came to serve as the representative of the people of his castellany. So happened in the case of the castellan of Bruges , when the burghers stood up for more privileges and liberties from the counts of Flanders . A particular responsibility in western Europe concerned jurisdiction over

800-500: The delegate became known as the alcaide pequeno (little alcaide ) or the alcaide-menor (minor alcaide). Shitaya Shitaya ( 下谷 ) is the name of a neighborhood in Taito, Tokyo , and a former ward (下谷区 Shitaya-ku ) in the now-defunct Tokyo City . The former ward encompassed 15 neighborhoods in the western half of the modern Taito ward, including Ueno , Yanaka and Akihabara . The area currently referred to as Shitaya

840-498: The effects of the Tenpō famine . He retired in 1851 and died in 1873 at the age of 66. His grave is at the temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya, Taito, Tokyo. Matsudaira Nobuyuki ( 松平信進 , September 8, 1813-March 13, 1863) was the 9th daimyō of Ojima Domain. He was the second son of Matsudaira Naritsune of Matsue Domain and was married to a daughter Matsudaira Nobuyuki of Kameyama Domain . When Matsudaira Nobumasu retired in 1851, he

SECTION 20

#1732775940985

880-558: The former regime. The new jin'ya was completed in 1869, and he resided in Kazusa as Imperial Governor of Sakurai until the abolition of the han system in 1871. In 1879 he was sent as a government official to Okinawa Prefecture . In 1884 he was elevated to viscount ( shishaku ) in the new kazoku peerage system. He died in 1887 at the age of 37. His grave is at the temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya, Taito, Tokyo. Castellan Philosophers Works A castellan , or constable ,

920-517: The need for high taxes and fiscal restraint. The 9th daimyō , Matsudaira Nobuyuki, made all industry within the domain a government monopoly, and sold off permits to raise money. During the Bakumatsu period , the 11th (and final) daimyō , Matsudaira Nobutoshi , sided with the new Meiji government in the Boshin War of 1867. The domain was abolished with the creation of Shizuoka Domain for

960-500: The nobility, but not exclusively so. In Portugal, a castellan was known as an Alcaide . Later, the role of the alcaide became an honorary title awarded by the King of Portugal to certain nobles. As the honorary holder of the office of alcaide did not often live near the castle, a delegate started to be appointed to effectively govern it in his place. An honorary holder of the office became known as alcaide-mor (major alcaide ) and

1000-561: The reform program in 1765. His wife was a daughter of Matsudaira Tadataka of Anegasaki Domain . His grave is at the temple of Ryoshin-ji in Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka . Matsudaira Nobunori ( 松平信義 , 1742-October 24, 1801) , also known as Matsudaira Masanobu was the 6th daimyō of Ojima Domain. He was the eldest son of Hori Naotaka of Muramatsu Domain and was adopted as heir by marriage to Matsudaira Shigenobu's daughter. He became daimyō in 1771 on Shigenobu's death. During his tenure,

1040-599: The resident Jewish communities bordering the English Channel . The Constable of the Tower of London and those castellans subordinate to the dukes of Normandy were responsible for their administration. Vivian Lipman posits four reasons for this: the castles provided defence, they were centres of administration, their dungeons were used as prisons, and castellans could turn to the Jewish community to borrow money as usury

1080-628: The retired ex- Shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu , and Nobutoshi was transferred to the newly formed Sakurai Domain in Kazusa province in July 1869. The site of the Ojima jin'ya is located on a river terrace on the right bank of the Okitsu River at an elevation of 60 meters, overlooking the road to Mount Minobu and Kai Province . Altogether Ojma Domain was only 20,000 koku and was thus not permitted

1120-410: The temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya, Taito, Tokyo. Matsudaira Nobumasa ( 松平信賢 , July 10, 1808-September 11, 1873) was the 8th daimyō of Ojima Domain. He was the sixth son of Matsudaira Nobuyuki of Kameyama Domain and was adopted as heir via marriage to a daughter of Matsudaira Nobutomo. He became daimyō in 1836 on Matsudaira Nobutomo's retirement. During his tenure, the domain had to cope with

1160-480: Was adopted as heir and became daimyō of Ojima. During his tenure, over concerns of foreign invasion raised by the Perry Expedition , he did what he could increase the domain's meagre military capability. He died in 1863 at the age of 51. His grave is at the temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya, Taito, Tokyo. Matsudaira Nobuyuki ( 松平信書 , July 30, 1846-July 30, 1864) was the 10th daimyō of Ojima Domain. He

1200-424: Was adopted by Matsudaira Nobuharu in 1721 and became daimyō on Nobuharu's death in 1724. During his brief tenure he attempted to improve on the domain's financial situation by aggressively collecting taxes, but to no avail. He died in 1731 at the age of 22. His grave is at the temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya , Taito, Tokyo . Matsudaira Shigenobu ( 松平昌信 , 1728-August 7, 1771) , also known as Matsudaira Masanobu

1240-495: Was adopted by his great-uncle, Matsudaira Shigenobu, who was the 6000 koku Sunpu jōdai in 1671. He rose through various minor positions within the shogun administration and by 1689 had amassed 10,000 koku , which qualified him for the rank of daimyō . However, he died in 1690 at the age of 36. His wife was a daughter of Matudaira Norimasa of Komoro Domain . His grave is at the temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya , Taito, Tokyo . Matsudaira Nobuharu ( 松平信治 , 1673-April 22, 1724)

Ojima Domain - Misplaced Pages Continue

1280-517: Was adopted posthumously as heir to Matsudaira Nobufumi in 1864. The domain played no part the Boshin War . After the Meiji restoration , Tokugawa Yoshinobu was granted Suruga Domain , and Nobutoshi was ordered to transfer to the newly created Sakurai Domain in Kazusa Province with the same kokudaka in 1868. He changed his surname from "Matsudaira" to "Takiwaki" to distance himself from

1320-550: Was forbidden to Catholics. A castellany , or castellania, is a term denoting a district administered by a castellan. Castellanies appeared during the Middle Ages and in most current states are now replaced by a more modern type of county subdivision. The word is derived from castle and literally means the extent of land and jurisdiction attached to a given castle. There are equivalent, often cognate, terms in other languages. Examples of French châtelainies include

1360-425: Was no resident castellan at the castle, or if he was frequently absent. A castellan could exercise the power of the "ban" – that is, to hear court cases and collect fines, taxes from residents, and muster local men for the defence of the area or the realm. There are similarities with a lord of the manor . Castellans had the power to administer all local justice, including sentencing and punishments up to and including

1400-405: Was the 2nd daimyō of Ojima Domain. He was the son of Toda Shigetsuna, a 6400 koku hatamoto and his mother was the younger sister of Matsudaira Nobunari. He was posthumously adopted on Nobunari's death, becoming daimyō in 1690. He moved the jin'ya to its present location in Ojima, so technically, he is actually the 1st daimyō of Ojima Domain. He served in the shogunate administration as

1440-420: Was the 4th daimyō of Ojima Domain. He was born in Ojima the eldest son of Matsudaira Nobutaka. He became daimyō in 1731. During his tenure he attempted to improve on the domain's financial situation by aggressively collecting taxes, opening new rice lands, increasing corvee labor, to the extent that when he was away as Osaka kaban in 1764, the peasants of the domain rose in revolt. He was forced to curtail

1480-408: Was the 6th daimyō of Ojima Domain. He was the eldest son of Matsudaira Nobunori and became daimyō in 1780 on his father's forced retirement. He was a noted author. He retired in 1815. His wife was a daughter of Ooka Tadayoshi of Iwatsuki Domain . He died in 1820 at the age of 45. His grave is at the temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya, Taito, Tokyo. Matsudaira Nobutomo ( 松平信友 , 1797-April 9, 1848)

1520-399: Was the 7th daimyō of Ojima Domain. He was the eldest son of Matsudaira Nobukado and became daimyō in 1815 on his father's retirement. He published tomes asking for cooperation between the samurai and peasants for fiscal reforms of the domain. Citing ill heath, he retired in 1836. His wife was a daughter of Aoyama Yukitaka of Gujō Domain . he died in 1848 and the age of 52. His grave is at

1560-415: Was the governor of a castle in medieval Europe . Its surrounding territory was referred to as the castellany. The word stems from castellanus . A castellan was almost always male, but could occasionally be female, as when, in 1194, Beatrice of Bourbourg inherited her father's castellany of Bourbourg upon the death of her brother, Roger. Similarly, Agnes became the castellan of Harlech Castle upon

1600-419: Was the third son of Matsudaira Nobutomo and became daimyō in 1863 on the sudden death of Matsudaira Nobuyuki. However, he died only a year later at the age of 19. His grave is at the temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya, Taito, Tokyo. Takiwaki Nobutoshi ( 滝脇信敏 , September 18, 1851-August 10, 1887) was the 11th (and final) daimyō of Ojima Domain. He was the ninth son of Naitō Yoriyasu of Takatō Domain and

#984015