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37-495: Deery Inn is a two-story Federal -style building with 19 rooms. The original building was a log structure , built in the 1780s or 1790s, that served travelers passing through the area on the Great Stage Road . William Deery, an Irishman from Ulster , acquired the property in 1801. He expanded the building to include a general store and tavern , with hotel rooms on the second story . The building's 19 rooms include

74-399: A large entrance hall, a gathering room , a dining room, a library, two kitchens, three bathrooms, two attics, a cellar, four bedrooms for the family, and three sleeping rooms for travelers. There are two chimneys . The front of the building has three entrance doors and 13 windows whose glass panes are arranged in a nine-over-six configuration. Deery prospered as a businessman. In addition to

111-526: A new resurgence or revival period became popular amongst European cabinetmakers. This revival period lasted up until the Art Deco style was taken up. Biedermeier also influenced the various Bauhaus styles through their truth in material philosophy. The original Biedermeier period changed with the political unrests of 1845–1848 (its end date). With the revolutions in European historicism , furniture of

148-563: Is the name for the classical architecture built in the United States following the American Revolution between c.   1780 and 1830, and particularly from 1785 to 1815, which was influenced heavily by the works of Andrea Palladio with several innovations on Palladian architecture by Thomas Jefferson and his contemporaries. Jefferson's Monticello estate and several federal government buildings, including

185-563: The American colonies ' new motifs of neoclassical architecture as it was epitomized in Britain by Robert Adam , who published his designs in 1792. American Federal architecture typically uses plain surfaces with attenuated detail, usually isolated in panels, tablets, and friezes . It also had a flatter, smoother façade and rarely used pilasters . It was most influenced by the interpretation of ancient Roman architecture , fashionable after

222-639: The Civil War Gideon and Mary Elizabeth Cate leased the property and operated the inn under the name Cates' Hotel. Several surrounding buildings, including the Sullivan County courthouse , were destroyed by fire during the Battle of Blountville , but the inn survived because Cates had used bribery to get the Union and Confederate commanders to spare his inn. Gideon and Mary Cates purchased

259-648: The Commissioners' Plan of 1811 in New York. The historic eastern part of Bleecker Street in New York, between Broadway and the Bowery , is home to Federal-style row houses at 7 to 13 and 21 to 25 Bleecker Street . The classicizing style of Federal architecture can especially be seen in the quintessential New England meeting house, with their lofty and complex towers by architects such as Lavius Fillmore and Asher Benjamin . This American neoclassical high style

296-668: The Salem Maritime National Historic Site , consisting of 12 historic structures and about 9 acres (4 ha) of land along the waterfront. Modern reassessment of the American architecture of the Federal period began with Fiske Kimball . Biedermeier The Biedermeier period was an era in Central Europe between 1815 and 1848 during which the middle classes grew in number and

333-704: The White House , are among the most prominent examples of buildings constructed in Federal style. Federal style is also used in association with furniture design in the United States of the same time period. The style broadly corresponds to the classicism of Biedermeier style in the German -speaking lands, Regency architecture in Britain, and the French Empire style . It may also be termed Adamesque architecture . The White House and Monticello were setting stones for what Federal architecture has become. In

370-427: The bourgeois consensus and the housewife was responsible for furnishing and choosing the appropriate design . Middle class women were held responsible for family cohesion and children had to be socialized within the family. The term Biedermeier appeared first in literary circles in the form of a pseudonym, Gottlieb Biedermaier, used by the country doctor Adolf Kussmaul and lawyer Ludwig Eichrodt in poems that

407-904: The Arthaber Family , 1837, by Friedrich von Amerling), landscapes (e.g. see Waldmüller or Gauermann landscapes) and contemporary-reporting genre scenes (e.g., Controversy of the Coachmen , 1828, by Michael Neder). Key painters of the Biedermeier movement were Carl Spitzweg (1808–1885), Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller (1795–1865), Henrik Weber (1818–1866), Josip Tominc (1780–1866), Friedrich von Amerling (1803–1887), Friedrich Gauermann (1807–1862), Johann Baptist Reiter (1813–1890), Peter Fendi (1796–1842), Michael Neder  [ de ] (1807–1882), Josef Danhauser (1805–1845), and Edmund Wodick (1806–1886) among others. The biggest collection of Viennese Biedermeier paintings in

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444-529: The German Biedermeier architecture of around 1800. Paul Mebes popularized the neo- Biedermeier style, which was widely endorsed by German architects. A modernist neo- Biedermeier architectural style was contrived by Adolf Behne , Bruno Taut , and Peter Behrens . Schultz-Naumburg and Heinrich Tessenow advocated for interpreting Biedermeier architecture liberally, allowing for little modernization. The Polish architectural style Świdermajer

481-598: The artisan-patron system that achieved this period of design, first in the German states, and then into Scandinavia. The middle class growth originated in the Industrial Revolution in Britain and many Biedermeier designs owe their simplicity to Georgian lines of the 19th century, as the proliferation of design publications reached the German states and the Austrian Empire . The Biedermeier style

518-593: The arts began to appeal to their sensibilities. The period began with the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 and ended with the onset of the Revolutions of 1848 . The term derives from the fictional mediocre poet Gottlieb Biedermaier, [ sic ] who featured in the Munich magazine Fliegende Blätter (Flying Leaves) . It is used mostly to denote the unchallenging artistic styles that flourished in

555-676: The back of the property, including a smokehouse , the offices of the King Ironworks, a spring house , and an early law office. The Old Deery Inn is now owned by the government of Sullivan County. A substantial restoration project was undertaken in 2007. The inn is managed by the Sullivan County Historical Preservation Association and is open for group tours. [REDACTED] Media related to Old Deery Inn at Wikimedia Commons Federal architecture Federal-style architecture

592-559: The composer Franz Schubert to provide a forum or meeting place for political secret societies. However, Biedermeier home music making was decidedly unpretentious and nonpolitical, the backdrop being politically explosive. Even the critical discussion of music itself was avoided. The Biedermeier period coincided with the Czech National Revival movement in the Czech-speaking areas . The most famous writers of

629-532: The duo had published in the Munich satirical weekly Fliegende Blätter in 1850. The verses parodied the people of the era, namely Samuel Friedrich Sauter, a primary teacher and sort of amateurish poet, as depoliticized and petit-bourgeois . The name was constructed from the titles of two poems—"Biedermanns Abendgemütlichkeit" (Biedermann's Evening Comfort) and "Bummelmaiers Klage" (Bummelmaier's Complaint)—which Joseph Victor von Scheffel had published in 1848 in

666-462: The earlier period (1815–1830) was the most severe and neoclassical in inspiration. It also supplied the most fantastic forms which the second half of the period (1830–1848) lacked, being influenced by the many style publications from Britain. Biedermeier furniture was the first style in the world that emanated from the growing middle class. It preceded Victoriana and influenced mainly German-speaking countries. In Sweden, Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte , who

703-463: The early United States, the founding generation consciously chose to associate the nation with the ancient democracies of Greece and the republican values of Rome . Grecian aspirations informed the Greek Revival , lasting into the 1850s. Using Roman architectural vocabulary, the Federal style applied to the balanced and symmetrical version of Georgian architecture that had been practiced in

740-472: The fields of literature, music, the visual arts and interior design. As is natural in cultural creative movements, Biedermeier has influenced later styles. The Biedermeier period does not refer to the era as a whole, but to a particular mood and set of trends that grew out of the unique underpinnings of the time in Central Europe. There were two driving forces for the development of the period. One

777-555: The inn, he owned and operated stores in several East Tennessee communities, a stagecoach line that had eight stagecoaches and 53 teams of horses as of 1821, and a steamboat service between Knoxville and Chattanooga . He died in 1845. Notable people who are recorded as having stayed at the inn in its early history include Andrew Jackson , James K. Polk , Andrew Johnson , the Marquis de LaFayette (on his U.S. travels in 1824–25 ), and Louis Phillipe Orleans , King of France. During

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814-557: The last three of whom have well-known musical settings by Robert Schumann , Hugo Wolf and Franz Schubert respectively. Adalbert Stifter was a novelist and short story writer whose work also reflected the concerns of the Biedermeier movement, particularly with his novel Der Nachsommer . As historian Carl Emil Schorske put it, "To illustrate and propagate his concept of Bildung, compounded of Benedictine world piety, German humanism, and Biedermeier conventionality, Stifter gave to

851-737: The later years of the period took on a distinct Wilhelminian or Victorian style . The term Biedermeier is also used to refer to a style of clocks made in Vienna in the early 19th century. The clean and simple lines included a light and airy aesthetic, especially in Viennese regulators of the Laterndluhr and Dachluhr styles. The 19th century population growth and urbanization in Europe resulted in Biedermeier architecture marked by functionality and elegance. The Geymüllerschlössel in Vienna

888-482: The non-political. Writers, painters, and musicians began to stay in safer territory, and the emphasis on home life for the growing middle class meant a blossoming of furniture design and interior decorating. The affluent middle class values that are associated with Biedermeier include affection, sensibility, moderation, and modesty. Biedermeier Gemütlichkeit means, that one reaches a state of cosiness, as well as friendliness. Biedermeier family values reflected

925-504: The period were Božena Němcová , Karel Hynek Mácha , František Ladislav Čelakovský , Václav Kliment Klicpera , and Josef Kajetán Tyl . Key painters of the Czech Biedermeier were Josef Navrátil , Antonín Machek , and Antonín Mánes . Landscapes, still lifes, courtyards, family scenes, and portraits were very popular. Václav Tomášek composed lyric piano pieces and songs to the patriotic lyrics of Czech authors. Biedermeier

962-571: The property after the Civil War, and owned it until the 1880s. In 1887, the inn was sold to Amanda Pearson, whose family was to own it until 1940. The property was operated as an inn until 1930. At some time during the Pearson family ownership, the inn building housed a post office . Virginia Byars Caldwell bought the inn in 1940. She undertook to restore the property to its early 19th-century appearance. She also moved several old log structures onto

999-521: The same magazine. As a label for the epoch, the term has been used since around 1900. Due to the strict control of publication and official censorship , Biedermeier writers primarily concerned themselves with non-political subjects, like historical fiction and country life. Political discussion was usually confined to the home, in the presence of close friends. Typical Biedermeier poets are Annette von Droste-Hülshoff , Friedrich Halm , Adelbert von Chamisso , Eduard Mörike , and Wilhelm Müller ,

1036-452: The unearthing of Pompeii and Herculaneum . The bald eagle was a common symbol used in this style, with the ellipse a frequent architectural motif. The classicizing manner of constructions and town planning undertaken by the federal government was expressed in early federal projects of lighthouses, harbor buildings, universities, and hospitals. It can be seen in the rationalizing, urbanistic layout of L'Enfant Plan of Washington and in

1073-442: The world his novel Der Nachsommer". Jeremias Gotthelf published The Black Spider in 1842 as an allegorical work that uses Gothic themes. It is Gotthelf's best known work. At first little noticed, the story is now considered by many critics to be among the masterworks of Biedermeier era and sensibility. Biedermeier furniture is admired for quality craftsmanship and comfort. Original early 19th century Biedermeier furniture

1110-655: The world is currently hosted by the Belvedere Palace Museum in Vienna. Biedermeier music was most evident in the numerous publications for in-home music making. Published arrangements of operatic excerpts, German Lieder , and some symphonic works that could be performed at the piano without professional musical training, illustrated the broadened reach of music in this period. Composers from this period include Beethoven , Schubert , Rossini , Weber , Mendelssohn , Chopin , Schumann and Liszt . The so called Schubertiad were people who gathered around

1147-475: Was a simplified interpretation of the influential French Empire style of Napoleon , which introduced the romance of ancient Roman Empire styles, adapting these to modern early 19th century households. Biedermeier furniture used locally available materials such as cherry, ash, and oak woods rather than the expensive timbers such as fully imported mahogany. Unique designs were created in Vienna . Furniture from

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1184-454: Was adopted by King Charles XIII (who was childless), became Sweden's new king in 1818 as Karl XIV Johan. The Swedish Karl Johan style, similar to Biedermeier , retained its elegant and blatantly Napoleonic style throughout the 19th century. Biedermeier furniture and lifestyle was a focus on exhibitions at the Vienna applied arts museum in 1896. The many visitors to this exhibition were so influenced by this fantasy style and its elegance that

1221-582: Was constructed in 1808, it houses today the Biedermeier collection of the Museum of Applied Arts. In Wilhelmine Germany social reformers regarded Biedermeier architecture as the perfect example for middle class culture and domestic reform. During the Weimar Republic Germany faced another housing crisis. Paul Schultze-Naumburg was among Germany's most respected neo- Biedermeier architects and in his mind, new housing should imitate

1258-520: Was manufactured to be publicly displayed, with less concern for convenience and private enjoyment. Biedermeier upholstery makes extensive use of coil-springs. Biedermeier furniture design was purchased or commissioned by the prosperous middle class to celebrate comfort and leisure. Middle to late- Biedermeier furniture design represented a heralding towards historicism and revival eras long sought for. Social forces originating in France would change

1295-410: Was named as a play on Biedermeier . The German word bieder translates into plain , while Maier is a common bourgeois surname. In the visual arts, Biedermeier style is associated with sentimentality and dullness. Biedermeier paintings are known for their preoccupation with the everyday world with few grand gestures. This formed an aesthetic is evidenced in the portraits (e.g., Portrait of

1332-455: Was the growing urbanization and industrialization leading to a new urban middle class, which created a new kind of audience for the arts. The other was the political stability prevalent under Klemens von Metternich following the end of the Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna . The effect was for artists and society in general to concentrate on the domestic and, at least in public,

1369-531: Was the idiom of America's first professional architects, such as Charles Bulfinch and Minard Lafever . Robert Adam and James Adam were leading influences through their books. In Salem, Massachusetts , there are numerous examples of American colonial architecture and Federal architecture in two historic districts: Chestnut Street District , which is part of the Samuel McIntire Historic District containing 407 buildings, and

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