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53-580: The Tualatin Plains Presbyterian Church was organized in 1873 with the first service on November 16. This first service was held at the four-room Columbia Academy schoolhouse with the Reverend George Ross as pastor, four miles (6 km) northwest of the present site. Services were held at the academy until a permanent site for construction of a house of worship could be located by the congregation. These first members of

106-580: A sheriffdom or shire. A sheriff for the area is known to have existed by the 1160s. Court cases were initially heard in the town of Kincardine, where there was a royal castle. The sheriff was therefore known both as the Sheriff of Kincardine and the Sheriff of the Mearns. In 1296, King John Balliol wrote a letter of surrender from Kincardine Castle to Edward I of England after a short war that marked

159-499: A Kincardine and Mearns area committee which covers most of the pre-1975 county. Roughly triangular in shape, Kincardineshire consists of the largely flat Strathmore area running parallel with the coast, with hillier, forested country in the interior, the latter forming part of the Grampian Mountains . The highest point is Mount Battock at 778 m (2,552 ft), lying on the border with Angus. The county included

212-484: A different council area (Aberdeen City). Aberdeenshire borders onto Angus and Perth and Kinross to the south, Highland and Moray to the west and Aberdeen City to the east. Traditionally, it has depended economically on the primary sector (agriculture, fishing, and forestry) and related processing industries. Over the last 40 years, the development of the oil and gas industry and associated service sector has broadened Aberdeenshire's economic base, and contributed to

265-649: A mound in base, all or. The motto was LAUS DEO , Latin for "Praise God". It was originally the motto of the Viscounts of Arbuthnott , whose seat is in the county, and the 14th Viscount was Lord Lieutenant of Kincardine at the time of the arms' matriculation by the Lord Lyon in 1927. There was a Kincardineshire constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1708 to 1801 and of

318-657: A new district called Kincardine and Deeside , which also included south-western parts of the former county of Aberdeenshire along the River Dee. A lieutenancy area covering the pre-1975 county except Nigg was created at the same time. Further local government reforms in 1996 under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994 saw the regions and districts created in 1975 abolished and replaced with council areas , with each council providing all local government services. Kincardine and Deeside district became part of

371-474: A poll announced at the 2005 Edinburgh International Book Festival. Set in a fictional village in the Mearns, the book draws heavily from Mitchell's upbringing in Arbuthnott . One of the key features of the book, and some of his other writing, is the balanced and immersive use of the local Doric Scots dialect mixed with standard English, in a manner easily and enjoyably accessible to someone unfamiliar with

424-420: A rapid population growth of some 50% since 1975. Its land represents 8% of Scotland's overall territory. It covers an area of 6,313 square kilometres (2,437 sq mi). Aberdeenshire has a rich prehistoric and historical heritage. It is the locus of a large number of Neolithic and Bronze Age archaeological sites, including Longman Hill , Kempstone Hill , Catto Long Barrow and Cairn Lee . The area

477-457: Is estimated at £3,496M (2011), representing 5.2% of the Scottish total. Aberdeenshire's economy is closely linked to Aberdeen City's (GDP £7,906M), and in 2011, the region as a whole was calculated to contribute 16.8% of Scotland's GDP. Between 2012 and 2014, the combined Aberdeenshire and Aberdeen City economic forecast GDP growth rate is 8.6%, the highest growth rate of any local council area in

530-462: Is much higher, at £741.90, as many people commute out of Aberdeenshire, principally into Aberdeen City. Total employment (excluding farm data) in Aberdeenshire is estimated at 93,700 employees (Business Register and Employment Survey 2009). The majority of employees work within the service sector, predominantly in public administration, education and health. Almost 19% of employment is within

583-605: Is one of the best known of those buried at the Old Scotch Church. Meek died on June 20, 1875, and was originally buried at his homestead, located near a historic marker dedicated to him along the Sunset Highway . Meek was a mountain man, a member of Oregon's Provisional Government , and the first U.S. Marshall of the Oregon Territory . After his land was sold, his remains were moved and re-interred at

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636-633: The Bishops' Wars in 1639. Elsick Mounth is a prehistoric trackway used by the Caledonian tribes as well as the Roman army in their northern invasion of the Scottish Highlands . The author Lewis Grassic Gibbon , born James Leslie Mitchell, was a Scottish writer. His Sunset Song is one of the best-known Scottish novels of the 20th century. It was voted Scotland's favourite book in

689-649: The Forfarshire constituency . In 1983, eight years after the abolition of the local government county of Kincardineshire, North Angus and Mearns was replaced by new constituencies. The county currently makes up part of the West Aberdeenshire and Kincardine constituency of the House of Commons. The Edinburgh-Aberdeen railway line runs parallel to the coast and through the towns of Laurencekirk, Stonehaven and Portlethen. The ancient Causey Mounth road

742-532: The Kincardine and Western Aberdeenshire constituency . In 1950 Kincardine and Western Aberdeenshire was divided between the West Aberdeenshire constituency and the North Angus and Mearns constituency . North Angus and Mearns then covered the whole of the county of Kincardineshire, including the former parliamentary burgh of Inverbervie, and part of the county of Angus , the latter being previously within

795-492: The Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994 . It covers the combined area of the Banff and Buchan, Gordon, and Kincardine and Deeside districts that had been created in 1975. The present Aberdeenshire Council area therefore consists of all of the historic counties of Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire (except the area of those two counties making up Aberdeen City), as well as the north-east portions of Banffshire. The population of

848-601: The North Sea such that coastal areas are typically cooler in the summer and warmer in the winter than inland locations. Coastal areas are also subject to haar , or coastal fog. Kincardineshire Kincardineshire or the County of Kincardine , also known as the Mearns (from the Scottish Gaelic A' Mhaoirne meaning "the stewartry"), is a historic county , registration county and lieutenancy area on

901-745: The Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1918, representing the county of Kincardineshire, minus the parliamentary burgh of Inverbervie . Inverbervie was a component of the Aberdeen District of Burghs from 1708 to 1832 and of the Montrose District of Burghs from 1832 to 1950. In 1918 the Kincardineshire constituency was merged with part of the Western Aberdeenshire constituency to form

954-729: The River Dee . The county's coat of arms displayed and reflected the history of the Honours of Scotland , which were kept at Dunnottar Castle and later at Kinneff , both within the historical boundaries of the county, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms . It was: Gules, the Sceptre and Sword of Scotland crosswise in saltire, with the Crown of Scotland in chief and a ruined castle on

1007-664: The Scottish Wars of Independence , the King of England Edward I travelled across the area twice with his invading army, in 1296 and 1303. In 1307, Robert the Bruce was victorious near Inverurie . These new families set the stage for the upcoming rivalries during the 14th and 15th centuries. This rivalry grew worse during and after the Protestant Reformation when religion was another reason for conflict between

1060-402: The burghs of Stonehaven , Banchory , Inverbervie and Laurencekirk . Other settlements included Drumoak , Muchalls , Newtonhill and Portlethen . Mearns extended to Hill of Fare north of the River Dee . Among the rivers are Cowie Water , Carron Water , Luther Water , Burn of Muchalls , Burn of Pheppie , Burn of Elsick , Burn of Monboys , Bervie Water and the lower reaches of

1113-471: The Old Scotch Church. The Tualatin Plains Presbyterian Church still holds services in the Old Scotch Church building every Sunday. Aberdeenshire, Scotland Aberdeenshire ( Scots : Aiberdeenshire ; Scottish Gaelic : Siorrachd Obar Dheathain ) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland . It takes its name from the historic county of Aberdeenshire , which had substantially different boundaries. The Aberdeenshire Council area includes all of

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1166-672: The Scottish Lowlands to the Highlands . Some of the most well known and historically important trackways are the Causey Mounth and Elsick Mounth . Aberdeenshire played an important role in the fighting between the Scottish dynasties . Macbeth fell at Lumphanan in 1057. During the Anglo-Norman penetration, other families arrive, such as House of Balliol , Clan Bruce , and Clan Cumming (Comyn). During

1219-521: The UK and above the Scottish rate of 4.8%. A significant proportion of Aberdeenshire's working residents commute to Aberdeen City for work, varying from 11.5% from Fraserburgh to 65% from Westhill. Average Gross Weekly Earnings (for full-time employees employed in workplaces in Aberdeenshire in 2011) are £572.60. This is lower than the Scottish average by £2.10 and a fall of 2.6% on the 2010 figure. The average gross weekly pay of people resident in Aberdeenshire

1272-734: The UK. In 2011, 82.2% of residents identified as 'White Scottish', followed by 12.3% who are 'White British', whilst ethnic minorities constitute only 0.9% of the population. The largest ethnic minority group is Asian Scottish/British at 0.8%. In addition to the English language, 48.8% of residents reported being able to speak and understand the Scots language. The largest settlements in Aberdeenshire are: 19,060 14,660 12,570 12,110 11,150 10,070 8,940 7,440 4,700 4,700 4,550 4,000 3,890 3,830 3,140 3,120 3,050 3,010 2,920 2,800 Aberdeenshire's Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

1325-469: The annex was expanded and a half-basement added, followed by a second addition in 1955 that included the first indoor restrooms at the church. From 1959 to 1960 the building was raised, allowing for a full basement to by completed. In 1984 construction was completed that added four classrooms to the church structure . Many pioneers of the Oregon Country are also buried in the cemetery. Joseph Meek

1378-482: The area during this period, as they left signs at Kintore . Christianity influenced the inhabitants early on, and there were Celtic monasteries at Old Deer and Monymusk . Since medieval times, there have been many traditional paths that crossed the Mounth (a spur of mountainous land that extends from the higher inland range to the North Sea slightly north of Stonehaven ) through present-day Aberdeenshire from

1431-532: The areas of the historic counties of Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire except the area making up Aberdeen City Council area, as well as part of Banffshire . The historic county boundaries are still officially used for a few purposes, namely land registration and lieutenancy . Aberdeenshire Council is headquartered at Woodhill House in Aberdeen , making it the only Scottish council whose headquarters are located outside its jurisdiction. Aberdeen itself forms

1484-406: The beginning of the Wars of Scottish Independence . A charter granted to the burgh of Kincardine in 1532 noted the town's established role in hosting the shire's courts. However, by 1600 the town was in decline. The sheriffs and visiting judges complained that the town had poor facilities for holding courts and accommodating visitors when the courts were in session, and also noted that the town

1537-436: The church board began the process of building a permanent building by authorizing an estimate to determine the costs of building a church structure. An estimate of $ 2120 was completed for a Carpenter Gothic -style building in early 1878. The architect for the structure was Mr. Balantyne. His design included buttresses, stained glass windows, a steep roof, and the signature eight-sided steeple. Construction commenced with much of

1590-603: The church's cemetery. The cemetery also contains a cairn added in 1985 as a memorial to ancestors in Scotland who were massacred at Glen Coe in 1692. This structure is one of the oldest continuously used churches in the state. The church was the 13th historical site in Washington County, Oregon , to be honored. On November 5, 1974, the church was added to the National Register of Historic Places as

1643-572: The clans. The Gordon family adhered to Catholicism and the Forbeses to Protestantism . Aberdeenshire was the historic seat of the clan Dempster . Three universities were founded in the area prior to the 17th century, King's College in Old Aberdeen (1494), Marischal College in Aberdeen (1593), and the University of Fraserburgh (1592). During the 17th century, Aberdeenshire was

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1696-435: The coast of north-east Scotland . It is bounded by Aberdeenshire on the north, and by Angus on the south-west. The county was named after its original county town of Kincardine , near Fettercairn . The county town was moved to Stonehaven in 1600, by which time the town of Kincardine was in decline; it was subsequently abandoned. Other towns in the county include Banchory , Inverbervie and Laurencekirk . The county

1749-794: The congregation came primarily from the same area in Aberdeenshire, Scotland , which is located west of Aberdeen . In Scotland , they had been members of the Free Church of Scotland . After immigrating to the United States and traveling to Oregon, they settled near each other in the Tualatin Valley . Because of the settlers' Scottish origin, their church building acquired its common name "The Old Scotch Church." The twelve original Scottish pioneers were: Mr. and Mrs. William Chalmers and their 11 children, their youngest Catherine

1802-432: The council area has risen over 50% since 1971 to approximately 263,750 in 2022, representing 4.7% of Scotland's total. Aberdeenshire's population has increased by 9.1% since 2001, while Scotland's total population grew by 3.8%. The census lists a relatively high proportion of under 16s and slightly fewer working-age people compared with the Scottish average. Aberdeenshire is one of the most homogeneous/indigenous regions of

1855-653: The county council absorbed the functions of the abolished county education authority, which had been based at offices in a converted house called Viewmount on Arduthie Road in Stonehaven. Viewmount burnt down in January 1932, and the county council took the opportunity to reconstruct and extend it to become a new headquarters, including a council chamber. The rebuilt Viewmount opened as the county council's meeting place and main offices in May 1935. Kincardineshire County Council

1908-412: The end of the ascendancy of Episcopalianism and the feudal power of landowners. An era began of increased agricultural and industrial progress. The present council area is named after the historic county of Aberdeenshire , which has different boundaries and ceased to be used for local government purposes in 1975 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 . The pre-1975 territory of Aberdeenshire

1961-399: The late 19th century was developing into a suburb of Aberdeen . In 1891, Torry was incorporated into the burgh of Aberdeen. Torry remained part of the county of Kincardineshire for certain judicial functions until 1899, when Aberdeen was made a county of itself . Further parts of the parish of Nigg were likewise transferred to Aberdeen in 1935 (including Nigg village) and 1970. In 1930,

2014-644: The location of more fighting, centred on the Marquess of Montrose and the Wars of the Three Kingdoms . This period also saw increased wealth due to the increase in trade with Germany , Poland , and the Low Countries . After the end of the Revolution of 1688 , an extended peaceful period was interrupted only by fleeting events such as the Rising of 1715 and the Rising of 1745 . The latter resulted in

2067-425: The material and labor being donated by the congregation. The stained glass windows in the building were imported from Scotland. The church building, adjacent to McKay Creek, was completed in 1878 and dedicated that same year. A church bell was added in 1926 to the steeple. In 1905, the church was expanded when an annex was built onto the back of the building, adding additional classrooms for Sunday school. Then in 1940

2120-470: The meeting place for the commissioners. The 1889 Act also led to a review of boundaries. Previously, four parishes had straddled the boundaries of Kincardineshire and its neighbours. The county and parish boundaries were therefore adjusted such that each parish was in a single county. The parish of Nigg in the north-east of the county included the Torry area on the south bank of the River Dee , which by

2173-414: The new Aberdeenshire council area. At the same time, the Kincardineshire lieutenancy area was confirmed to still correspond to the pre-1975 county excluding Nigg. The boundaries of the historic county of Kincardineshire (as it was in 1891 prior to the removal of Torry) are still used for some limited official purposes connected with land registration, being a registration county . Aberdeenshire Council has

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2226-420: The north by Marr , and on the south-west by Angus . The name of the province simply refers to its status; the more important provinces were administered by a great steward ( mormaer ), while the less important ones were governed by a mere steward ( maer ). From the 12th century, sheriffs were also gradually introduced across Scotland, with responsibility for administering justice across an area known as

2279-490: The older term 'shire'. Elected county councils were established in 1890 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889 , taking most of the functions of the commissioners, which were eventually abolished in 1930. The county council held its first official meeting on 22 May 1890 at the Stonehaven Sheriff Court , also known as County Buildings, the county's main courthouse (built 1865), which also served as

2332-783: The public sector. Aberdeenshire's economy remains closely linked to Aberdeen City's and the North Sea oil industry, with many employees in oil-related jobs. The average monthly unemployment (claimant count) rate for Aberdeenshire in 2011 was 1.5%. This is lower than the average rate of Aberdeen City (2.3%), Scotland (4.2%) and the UK (3.8%). The following significant structures or places are within Aberdeenshire: There are numerous rivers and burns in Aberdeenshire, including Cowie Water , Carron Water , Burn of Muchalls , River Dee , River Don , River Ury , River Ythan , Water of Feugh , Burn of Myrehouse , Laeca Burn and Luther Water . Numerous bays and estuaries are found along

2385-615: The seacoast of Aberdeenshire, including Banff Bay , Ythan Estuary , Stonehaven Bay and Thornyhive Bay . Aberdeenshire has a marine west coast climate on the Köppen climate classification . Aberdeenshire is in the rain shadow of the Grampians , therefore it has a generally dry climate for a maritime region, with portions of the coast receiving 25 inches (64 cm) of moisture annually. Summers are mild, and winters are typically cold in Aberdeenshire; Coastal temperatures are moderated by

2438-506: The sheriffs. The older territory of the Mearns was therefore gradually eclipsed in legal importance by the shire of Kincardine (or Kincardineshire) which covered the same area. In 1667 Commissioners of Supply were established for each shire, which would serve as the main administrative body for the area until the creation of county councils in 1890. Following the Acts of Union in 1707, the English term 'county' came to be used interchangeably with

2491-564: Was abolished as an administrative area in 1975. Since 1996, most of the pre-1975 county has formed part of the Aberdeenshire council area , with the exception of Nigg , which is in Aberdeen City . The name "Kincardine" is used in Kincardine and Mearns , a committee area of the Aberdeenshire Council , although this covers a smaller area than the county. Anciently, the area was the province of Mearns , bordered on

2544-463: Was abolished in 1975 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 , which replaced Scotland's counties, burghs and landward districts with a two-tier structure of upper-tier regions and lower-tier districts . Kincardineshire became part of the new Grampian region. The remaining rural part of the parish of Nigg was transferred to the City of Aberdeen district, and the rest of the county became part of

2597-517: Was built on high ground to make passable this only available medieval route from coastal points south to Aberdeen . This ancient passage specifically connected the Bridge of Dee to Muchalls Castle , Cowie Castle (and effectively Dunnottar Castle ). The route was that taken by the Earl Marischal and Marquess of Montrose when they led a Covenanter army of 9,000 men in the first battle of

2650-439: Was not central to the shire. An act of parliament in 1600 therefore transferred the courts to the larger and more accessible town of Stonehaven. Kincardine's decline continued after 1600; its market and fair relocated to Fettercairn, and by the mid-19th century no trace remained of the former county town. Over time, Scotland's shires became more significant than the old provinces, with more administrative functions being given to

2703-680: Was settled in the Bronze Age by the Beaker culture , who arrived from the south around 2000–1800 BC. Stone circles and cairns were constructed predominantly in this era. In the Iron Age , hill forts were built. Around the 1st century AD, the Taexali people, who left little history, were believed to have resided along the coast. The Picts were the next documented inhabitants of the area and were no later than 800–900 AD. The Romans also were in

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2756-445: Was the first buried there. Mr. and Mrs. James Smith, Rev. and Mrs. George Ross, Mr. and Mrs. George Alexander, their daughter Eliza, Miss Alexander and John Milne. Eight of the twelve founders and many of their descendants are buried in the cemetery surrounding the church. T In 1876, one acre (4,000 m) of land was donated to the church by Jacob Hoover to provide a place for a permanent church building and cemetery. On March 11, 1878,

2809-459: Was then split between four of the five new districts in the Grampian region: Banff and Buchan (which also included eastern parts of Banffshire, including its county town of Banff ), Gordon , Kincardine and Deeside (which also included most of Kincardineshire), and Aberdeen City. Local government functions were shared between the two levels. The modern council area was created in 1996 under

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