The Quad 4 is a family of straight-four engines produced by General Motors ' Oldsmobile division. Several double overhead camshaft (DOHC) versions were produced between 1987 and 2002, and one single overhead camshaft (SOHC) model was built from 1992 to 1994.
79-495: Oldsmobile Aerotech refers primarily to a series of three experimental high-speed vehicles built between 1987 and 1992, with the first two created to demonstrate the potential of Oldsmobile's new Quad 4 engine design. An Aerotech driven by four-time Indy 500 winner A. J. Foyt set a world closed-course speed record on August 27, 1987. Oldsmobile used the Aerotech name on two unrelated concept cars in 1989. The Oldsmobile Quad 4
158-458: A turbocharged production Quad 4. After positive reviews for the first few years of sales, the automotive press began to criticize the Quad ;4 for its NVH levels when compared to turbocharged four-cylinders, V6es , and occasionally V8s . The design gained a minor following in hot rodding circles due to its resemblance to a 1930s Offenhauser engine once the ribbed aluminum cover
237-401: A turbocharged production Quad 4. After positive reviews for the first few years of sales, the automotive press began to criticize the Quad 4 for its NVH levels when compared to turbocharged four-cylinders, V6es , and occasionally V8s . The design gained a minor following in hot rodding circles due to its resemblance to a 1930s Offenhauser engine once the ribbed aluminum cover
316-536: A bore of 3.5 in (89 mm) and a stroke of 3.1 in (79 mm), the engine displaced 1,955 cc (119.30 cu in). The electronic fuel injection system came from Rochester Products, while Delco Electronics provided the engine's high-voltage ignition system. The RE was fitted with a single turbocharger from Garrett AiResearch . Output estimates for the Batten RE engine range from 750 to 900 hp (560 to 670 kW). A Batten RE engine powered
395-479: A bore of 3.5 in (89 mm) and a stroke of 3.1 in (79 mm), the engine displaced 1,955 cc (119.30 cu in). The electronic fuel injection system came from Rochester Products, while Delco Electronics provided the engine's high-voltage ignition system. The RE was fitted with a single turbocharger from Garrett AiResearch . Output estimates for the Batten RE engine range from 750 to 900 hp (560 to 670 kW). A Batten RE engine powered
474-727: A high-output "HO" Quad 4 with 180 bhp (134 kW) was forhcoming. All Quad 4 family engines were produced at the Lansing Engine Plant (plant five) in Delta Township near Lansing, Michigan . The Twin Cam was the last engine that was engineered and produced solely by Oldsmobile; the Aurora V8 and Shortstar V6 were based on the Cadillac Northstar V8 architecture. First released to
553-416: A high-output "HO" Quad 4 with 180 bhp (134 kW) was forhcoming. All Quad 4 family engines were produced at the Lansing Engine Plant (plant five) in Delta Township near Lansing, Michigan . The Twin Cam was the last engine that was engineered and produced solely by Oldsmobile; the Aurora V8 and Shortstar V6 were based on the Cadillac Northstar V8 architecture. First released to
632-539: A makeshift interior also made appearances at various circuit races. Between December 7 and 15, 1992, a third Aerotech was built, and the two earlier cars were brought out of storage and made ready to run with the addition of functional lights. All three cars were now powered by 4.0-liter Oldsmobile Aurora V8 engines. The three cars broke 47 speed endurance records, including the 10,000- and 25,000-kilometer world speed records. Other national and international speed records ranging from 10 kilometers to 24 hours were achieved by
711-555: A minor update halfway through the 1999 model year that eliminated the exhaust gas recirculation, increased the compression ratio from 9.5:1 to 9.7:1, and switched from low impedance fuel injectors to high impedance. For increased reliability this engine also saw other minor updates in the 2000s towards the end of its use in General Motors vehicles. In 2001, changes included a smaller knock sensor, flat-top pistons instead of dished, new oiling passages, newer stronger timing chain,
790-491: A minor update halfway through the 1999 model year that eliminated the exhaust gas recirculation, increased the compression ratio from 9.5:1 to 9.7:1, and switched from low impedance fuel injectors to high impedance. For increased reliability this engine also saw other minor updates in the 2000s towards the end of its use in General Motors vehicles. In 2001, changes included a smaller knock sensor, flat-top pistons instead of dished, new oiling passages, newer stronger timing chain,
869-456: A photo is shown of an Oldsmobile V8 engine developed using Quad 4 technology. The engine is called the Quad 8. What was shown was apparently a mock-up of the engine, possibly built by Feuling Engineering. The engine made an appearance at a Specialty Equipment Market Association ( SEMA ) show in Las Vegas, but did not go into production. The Quad 8 was featured in an article in
SECTION 10
#1732794559701948-399: A photo is shown of an Oldsmobile V8 engine developed using Quad 4 technology. The engine is called the Quad 8. What was shown was apparently a mock-up of the engine, possibly built by Feuling Engineering. The engine made an appearance at a Specialty Equipment Market Association ( SEMA ) show in Las Vegas, but did not go into production. The Quad 8 was featured in an article in
1027-483: A program looking for more power and higher efficiency from the engine. Part of the project included building the Oldsmobile Aerotechs in pursuit of new land speed records. Two new twin-cam four-cylinder engines were built, based not on production Quad 4 parts, but on a set of engineering parameters derived from the engine, which Oldsmobile referred to as the "production architecture." Under this scheme
1106-411: A program looking for more power and higher efficiency from the engine. Part of the project included building the Oldsmobile Aerotechs in pursuit of new land speed records. Two new twin-cam four-cylinder engines were built, based not on production Quad 4 parts, but on a set of engineering parameters derived from the engine, which Oldsmobile referred to as the "production architecture." Under this scheme
1185-605: A redesigned cylinder head. In the mid-1990s, these engines, like their earlier 2.3-liter counterparts, were known for timing chain failures, as well as water pump failures, in which the water pumps were often difficult and costly to access and replace. LD9s also had very small oil passages, making for less than adequate lubrication, and costly engine repairs if not maintained properly. Bore was decreased from 92 to 90 mm (3.62 to 3.54 in) and stroke increased from 85 to 94 mm (3.35 to 3.70 in) for better torque. Power came in at 150 bhp (112 kW). This engine received
1264-605: A redesigned cylinder head. In the mid-1990s, these engines, like their earlier 2.3-liter counterparts, were known for timing chain failures, as well as water pump failures, in which the water pumps were often difficult and costly to access and replace. LD9s also had very small oil passages, making for less than adequate lubrication, and costly engine repairs if not maintained properly. Bore was decreased from 92 to 90 mm (3.62 to 3.54 in) and stroke increased from 85 to 94 mm (3.35 to 3.70 in) for better torque. Power came in at 150 bhp (112 kW). This engine received
1343-427: A redesigned water pump, a redesigned starter motor, and a higher capacity catalytic converter . An improved belt-tensioner was introduced in 2002. Applications: At the same time that Oldsmobile announced the planned high-output "HO" Quad 4 in 1988, they suggested that a turbocharged version producing up to 250 bhp (186 kW) was planned. A turbocharged Quad 4 with a reported 200 hp (149 kW)
1422-427: A redesigned water pump, a redesigned starter motor, and a higher capacity catalytic converter . An improved belt-tensioner was introduced in 2002. Applications: At the same time that Oldsmobile announced the planned high-output "HO" Quad 4 in 1988, they suggested that a turbocharged version producing up to 250 bhp (186 kW) was planned. A turbocharged Quad 4 with a reported 200 hp (149 kW)
1501-555: A set of engineering parameters derived from the engine, which Oldsmobile referred to as the "production architecture." Under this scheme the derivative engines had to keep the Quad 4's four-stroke combustion cycle, double overhead cams, multi-valve cylinder head and, significantly, 100 mm (3.94 in) bore spacing. Batten Heads of Detroit developed the Batten RE engine with a single turbocharger with an estimated output that ranged from 750 to 900 hp (560 to 670 kW). This engine
1580-521: A similar cylinder head design on what is reported to be a Cosworth block to create a Feuling/Oldsmobile V8 engine intended for Indianapolis. This was a different engine than Oldsmobile's own Aurora IMSA/IRL racing V8. Output of the Feuling BE engine is estimated to have been approximately 1,000 hp (750 kW). It was used in the long-tail Aerotech car. Applications: Oldsmobile Aerotech long-tail In an episode of MotorWeek from early 1988,
1659-462: A similar cylinder head design on what is reported to be a Cosworth block to create a Feuling/Oldsmobile V8 engine intended for Indianapolis. This was a different engine than Oldsmobile's own Aurora IMSA/IRL racing V8. Output of the Feuling BE engine is estimated to have been approximately 1,000 hp (750 kW). It was used in the long-tail Aerotech car. Applications: Oldsmobile Aerotech long-tail In an episode of MotorWeek from early 1988,
SECTION 20
#17327945597011738-472: A staff engineer on the Aerotech project. After extensive wind tunnel testing at General Motors' Technical Center at Warren, Michigan it was decided to alter the design by rounding off the nose and refining the canopy design. The air intakes were also moved from the sides of the car to the top of the fenders. Welburn had originally wanted the car to have faired-in wheel wells but Goodyear engineers working with Oldsmobile had concerns about excessive heat buildup in
1817-721: A team of drivers working 24 hours a day for 8 days. These records were also set at the Fort Stockton test track. Welburn was given the opportunity to personally drive the Aurora Aerotech in December 2010. During that run the car was limited to 61 mph (98 km/h) to prevent damage to the internal components. Released in 1989, the Aerotech II is a wagon-back sports coupe concept with a 2.3-liter Quad 4 making 230 hp (170 kW) that made its debut at
1896-476: Is a straight-four engine with four valves per cylinder and dual overhead camshafts — the first volume production engine designed entirely in the US to have these features. The factory Quad 4 produced 150 hp (112 kW) and 160 lb⋅ft (217 N⋅m) of torque in its initial configuration. The engineers behind the development of the Quad 4 engine were eager to showcase the engine's capabilities. Under
1975-493: Is a wagon-back sports coupe concept with a 2.3-liter Quad 4 making 230 hp (170 kW) with some form of forced induction. The Aerotech III is essentially a preview of the 1990 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme sedan, and came with a supercharged 2.3-litre Quad 4 that developed 230 hp (170 kW). Even before the production Quad 4 was released, Oldsmobile engineering's Chief Engineer Ted Louckes and Future Systems and Technology engineer Bill Porterfield had begun
2054-493: Is a wagon-back sports coupe concept with a 2.3-liter Quad 4 making 230 hp (170 kW) with some form of forced induction. The Aerotech III is essentially a preview of the 1990 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme sedan, and came with a supercharged 2.3-litre Quad 4 that developed 230 hp (170 kW). Even before the production Quad 4 was released, Oldsmobile engineering's Chief Engineer Ted Louckes and Future Systems and Technology engineer Bill Porterfield had begun
2133-779: The North American International Auto Show in Detroit. It is unclear whether the engine was supercharged or turbocharged. Released the same year as the Aerotech II, the Aerotech III is essentially a preview of the 1990 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme sedan, and came with a supercharged 2.3-litre Quad 4 that developed 230 hp (170 kW). Approximately 70 go-karts were produced with Aerotech-style bodies as promotional items for display in Oldsmobile dealerships. Built by Bird Engineering ,
2212-505: The 1985 Indianapolis 500 winning car. Sleek carbon fibre bodywork kept both weight and drag to a minimum. The cars' underbody incorporated adjustable panels that could change the airflow through the underbody tunnels. This system not only generated large amounts of downforce but also allowed the engineers to optimize the system for different race tracks. The first two Aerotechs were originally powered by DOHC four-cylinder engines that were based, not on production Quad 4 parts, but rather on
2291-564: The 1988–1992½ LD2 and LG0 transmissions all used a 3.61:1 FDR; the 3.94:1 FDR was used on all 1992½–1994 LG0 transmissions, but retained the standard HM-282/NVG-T550 gear set. W41 applications: This SOHC variant of the Quad 4 was intended to replace the Pontiac 2.5 L Tech IV OHV "Iron Duke" engine. Debuting in 1992 and called the Quad OHC, this eight-valve engine produced 120 hp (89 kW), 40 hp (30 kW) less than
2370-453: The 1988–1992½ LD2 and LG0 transmissions all used a 3.61:1 FDR; the 3.94:1 FDR was used on all 1992½–1994 LG0 transmissions, but retained the standard HM-282/NVG-T550 gear set. W41 applications: This SOHC variant of the Quad 4 was intended to replace the Pontiac 2.5 L Tech IV OHV "Iron Duke" engine. Debuting in 1992 and called the Quad OHC, this eight-valve engine produced 120 hp (89 kW), 40 hp (30 kW) less than
2449-523: The 1996 model year when the engine's bore and stroke were changed, and the engine was subsequently renamed the "Twin Cam". The Quad 4 engine lineup was cancelled after the 2002 model year . It was replaced by the Ecotec for the 2003 model year. The Quad 4 name is derived from the engine's four-cylinder, four valve-per-cylinder layout. The engine has a cast iron block . The head , camshaft carriers, and timing chain cover are aluminum, and
Oldsmobile Aerotech - Misplaced Pages Continue
2528-471: The 1996 model year when the engine's bore and stroke were changed, and the engine was subsequently renamed the "Twin Cam". The Quad 4 engine lineup was cancelled after the 2002 model year . It was replaced by the Ecotec for the 2003 model year. The Quad 4 name is derived from the engine's four-cylinder, four valve-per-cylinder layout. The engine has a cast iron block . The head , camshaft carriers, and timing chain cover are aluminum, and
2607-408: The 2.3-liter engine was produced. This arrangement ensures a constant load on the shafts: the crank drives one shaft, which drives the second, which then drives the oil pump . The shafts spin at twice the engine rpm , forcing the redline to be reduced from 6800 to 6500 rpm. Output is 150 bhp (112 kW) and 150 lb⋅ft (203 N⋅m). This was the only Quad 4 produced in 1995, and
2686-408: The 2.3-liter engine was produced. This arrangement ensures a constant load on the shafts: the crank drives one shaft, which drives the second, which then drives the oil pump . The shafts spin at twice the engine rpm , forcing the redline to be reduced from 6800 to 6500 rpm. Output is 150 bhp (112 kW) and 150 lb⋅ft (203 N⋅m). This was the only Quad 4 produced in 1995, and
2765-538: The June 1993 issue of American Rodder magazine. Quad 4 engine#Batten RE engine The Quad 4 is a family of straight-four engines produced by General Motors ' Oldsmobile division. Several double overhead camshaft (DOHC) versions were produced between 1987 and 2002, and one single overhead camshaft (SOHC) model was built from 1992 to 1994. The Quad 4 is the first domestic regular production DOHC four-cylinder engine wholly designed and built by GM,
2844-480: The LD2 engine by aggressive camshafts and an extra half point of compression; 9.5:1 to 10.0:1. Premium fuel with a 91 octane rating or higher was recommended for these engines due to the compression ratio. The LG0 was introduced with special production runs of 200 Cutlass Calais International Series coupes, and 200 Grand Am SE coupes, all featuring bright red paint and gray interiors. It was only available when paired with
2923-431: The LD2 engine by aggressive camshafts and an extra half point of compression; 9.5:1 to 10.0:1. Premium fuel with a 91 octane rating or higher was recommended for these engines due to the compression ratio. The LG0 was introduced with special production runs of 200 Cutlass Calais International Series coupes, and 200 Grand Am SE coupes, all featuring bright red paint and gray interiors. It was only available when paired with
3002-412: The LD2 engine had a device called a vortex valve installed in the throttle body, and a ram-air cold-air intake was installed near the driver's side headlamp with ducting to direct the air to the engine intake. While some references rate this engine at 180 hp, Oldsmobile's own literature reports a number of 170 hp (130 kW). Applications: For 1995 only, a balance shaft-equipped version of
3081-412: The LD2 engine had a device called a vortex valve installed in the throttle body, and a ram-air cold-air intake was installed near the driver's side headlamp with ducting to direct the air to the engine intake. While some references rate this engine at 180 hp, Oldsmobile's own literature reports a number of 170 hp (130 kW). Applications: For 1995 only, a balance shaft-equipped version of
3160-595: The Quad 4s of the same era. Torque was 140 lb⋅ft (190 N⋅m). Power dropped to 115 hp (86 kW) in 1993 with an attempt by GM to reduce the NVH of the engine. Although power and fuel economy were better than the Tech IV, the Quad OHC was retired after 1994 when the DOHC version became standard. Applications: The LD9 Twin Cam was a 2.4-liter Quad 4 variant which debuted in 1996 with balance shafts and
3239-440: The Quad 4s of the same era. Torque was 140 lb⋅ft (190 N⋅m). Power dropped to 115 hp (86 kW) in 1993 with an attempt by GM to reduce the NVH of the engine. Although power and fuel economy were better than the Tech IV, the Quad OHC was retired after 1994 when the DOHC version became standard. Applications: The LD9 Twin Cam was a 2.4-liter Quad 4 variant which debuted in 1996 with balance shafts and
Oldsmobile Aerotech - Misplaced Pages Continue
3318-484: The car resulted in an average speed of 250.919 mph (403.815 km/h), falling just short of the closed-course speed record set by the Mercedes CIII-IV development prototype. As the team adjusted the car's aerodynamics, Foyt tested the second, long-tail car. The long-tail version proved to be even more capable than its short-tail sibling, allowing Foyt to reach a top speed of 275 mph (443 km/h) in
3397-471: The cast aluminum engine cover. Following the engine's release in 1988, Oldsmobile promoted the Quad 4 name with cars like the Oldsmobile Aerotech . Although the engines in the Oldsmobile Aerotechs were purpose-built and turbocharged, they was meant to showcase the design's capability. At the 1988 Indianapolis 500 , the pace car was an Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme convertible powered by
3476-401: The cast aluminum engine cover. Following the engine's release in 1988, Oldsmobile promoted the Quad 4 name with cars like the Oldsmobile Aerotech . Although the engines in the Oldsmobile Aerotechs were purpose-built and turbocharged, they was meant to showcase the design's capability. At the 1988 Indianapolis 500 , the pace car was an Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme convertible powered by
3555-545: The covered space. Welburn's original design incorporated a long tail inspired by the Porsche 917LH, which ran counter to Louckes' plan for setting a closed-course record on the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. A long-tail version would hinder the car's handling despite providing a lower coefficient of drag. A short-tail version coupled with a pedestal rear spoiler was deemed more feasible. Construction of
3634-416: The derivative engines had to keep the Quad 4's four-stroke combustion cycle, double overhead cams, multi-valve cylinder head and, significantly, 100 mm (3.94 in) bore spacing. The Batten RE engine was designed by Rudy Sayn and Andy Schwartz of Batten Heads in Detroit, and followed the restrictions set out by Oldsmobile. The engine's cylinder head, block, and sump are all of aluminum alloy, with
3713-416: The derivative engines had to keep the Quad 4's four-stroke combustion cycle, double overhead cams, multi-valve cylinder head and, significantly, 100 mm (3.94 in) bore spacing. The Batten RE engine was designed by Rudy Sayn and Andy Schwartz of Batten Heads in Detroit, and followed the restrictions set out by Oldsmobile. The engine's cylinder head, block, and sump are all of aluminum alloy, with
3792-516: The design effort. The initial design sketches of the car were inspired by Le Mans winning race cars such as the Porsche 917 . Completed in early 1985, the design was quickly approved by GM's top management, and the first mockup was finished shortly afterwards. Wind tunnel testing showed that the shape was aerodynamically efficient but would benefit from a few enhancements suggested by Max Schenkel, an aerodynamicist at General Motors who also served as
3871-426: The first car was completed by the end of 1986, and was tested by Foyt at the General Motors proving grounds at Mesa, Arizona . Although skeptical about the car's potential as first, Foyt managed to take the car to 218 mph (351 km/h) on the test track. He is said to have admired the car for its stability at high speeds. As development neared completion, General Motors' senior management withheld permission for
3950-534: The first round of exhaust port size reduction to improve emissions and other changes to the Quad 4 architecture to reduce NVH. The additional 10 hp (7 kW) came from longer duration cams and a different PROM . Part of the W41 drivetrain was a specific version of the HM-282/NVG-T550 with a gear set otherwise unavailable. All W41 five-speed transmissions had a final drive ratio (FDR) of 3.94:1 whereas
4029-420: The first round of exhaust port size reduction to improve emissions and other changes to the Quad 4 architecture to reduce NVH. The additional 10 hp (7 kW) came from longer duration cams and a different PROM . Part of the W41 drivetrain was a specific version of the HM-282/NVG-T550 with a gear set otherwise unavailable. All W41 five-speed transmissions had a final drive ratio (FDR) of 3.94:1 whereas
SECTION 50
#17327945597014108-602: The flying mile after some practice runs. Foyt set a new speed record with the long-tail version the next day, averaging 267.399 mph (430.337 km/h) after flying-mile runs in both directions of the track. Subsequent runs made with the now modified short-tail version resulted in a new closed-course speed record of 257.123 mph (413.799 km/h), beating Mercedes' record by a large margin. The speed records garnered considerable publicity for Oldsmobile, and helped boost sales. The Aerotechs made several appearances at autoshows across North America. A non-functional mockup with
4187-457: The heavy-duty Getrag -designed HM-282/NVG-T550 five-speed manual transmission . A limited production version of the LG0 engine was offered in select Oldsmobiles with the designation "W41" (listed below). LG0 applications: The W41 was the most powerful Quad 4. The 1991–1992 W41s were rated at 190 hp (142 kW), while the 1993 W41 was rated at 185 hp (138 kW) as a result of
4266-408: The heavy-duty Getrag -designed HM-282/NVG-T550 five-speed manual transmission . A limited production version of the LG0 engine was offered in select Oldsmobiles with the designation "W41" (listed below). LG0 applications: The W41 was the most powerful Quad 4. The 1991–1992 W41s were rated at 190 hp (142 kW), while the 1993 W41 was rated at 185 hp (138 kW) as a result of
4345-446: The karts have steel tubular chassis with fiberglass bodies painted two-tone silver with red accents. Power goes from a 3 hp (2.2 kW) Briggs & Stratton single-cylinder engine through a centrifugal clutch and drive chain to 6 in (150 mm) wheels. Braking is by a single rear drum. Quad 4 engine The Quad 4 is the first domestic regular production DOHC four-cylinder engine wholly designed and built by GM,
4424-401: The leadership of Ted Louckes, head of the Quad 4 engine program, they convinced top management at General Motors to develop a research vehicle which would demonstrate the engine's true potential. In 1985, a group of engineers under the leadership of Louckes was formed to develop just such a vehicle, called the Aerotech. Ed Welburn , then assistant chief designer at the Oldsmobile studio, led
4503-600: The only similar prior example being the Chevrolet Cosworth Vega , whose DOHC head was designed by Cosworth in England. In addition to the 2.3-liter DOHC Quad 4s, there was also a short-lived 2.3-liter SOHC variant called the "Quad OHC", available from 1992 to 1994, and the 2.4-liter Twin Cam, available from 1996 to 2002. The Quad 4 was originally expected to debut in 1987, but was delayed for one year. From as early as 1988, Oldsmobile announced that
4582-470: The only similar prior example being the Chevrolet Cosworth Vega , whose DOHC head was designed by Cosworth in England. In addition to the 2.3-liter DOHC Quad 4s, there was also a short-lived 2.3-liter SOHC variant called the "Quad OHC", available from 1992 to 1994, and the 2.4-liter Twin Cam, available from 1996 to 2002. The Quad 4 was originally expected to debut in 1987, but was delayed for one year. From as early as 1988, Oldsmobile announced that
4661-510: The public as a regular production option for the 1988 Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais and Pontiac Grand Am , the engine's availability expanded to Buick in late 1988 and Chevrolet in 1990, after which it became a mainstay in GM's lineup. The Quad 4 underwent two rounds of exhaust port size reductions , followed by the addition of balance shafts in 1995 to address its levels of noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH). Further changes were made for
4740-462: The public as a regular production option for the 1988 Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais and Pontiac Grand Am , the engine's availability expanded to Buick in late 1988 and Chevrolet in 1990, after which it became a mainstay in GM's lineup. The Quad 4 underwent two rounds of exhaust port size reductions , followed by the addition of balance shafts in 1995 to address its levels of noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH). Further changes were made for
4819-500: The record attempt to be held at the General Motors Brickyard test track. The development team then chose to test the car at a 7.712-mile (12.411 km) test track near Fort Stockton Texas . After successful runs at the General Motors proving grounds, the development team decided to test Welburn's long-tail design as well. Construction of a second car with this configuration had begun in late 1985. The second car
SECTION 60
#17327945597014898-485: The short-tail Aerotech car. Applications: Oldsmobile Aerotech short-tail In Ventura, California, Feuling Engineering undertook development of an experimental engine subject to the same set of restrictions set by Oldsmobile. Feuling's design focused on thermal efficiency and heat rejection. Like the Batten engine, Feuling's BE is an all-aluminum design, with an alloy sump able to handle structural loads. The Feuling block
4977-432: The short-tail Aerotech car. Applications: Oldsmobile Aerotech short-tail In Ventura, California, Feuling Engineering undertook development of an experimental engine subject to the same set of restrictions set by Oldsmobile. Feuling's design focused on thermal efficiency and heat rejection. Like the Batten engine, Feuling's BE is an all-aluminum design, with an alloy sump able to handle structural loads. The Feuling block
5056-406: The sump also able to handle structural loads. The RE also has an unusual coolant distribution manifold. The RE's designers retained the valve angles and sizes, pent-roof combustion chambers, dual chain-driven camshafts, and stock piston crown shapes of the production Quad 4. The RE is a wet sleeve design, with four cast iron cylinder liners attached to an upper cylinder block deck plate. With
5135-406: The sump also able to handle structural loads. The RE also has an unusual coolant distribution manifold. The RE's designers retained the valve angles and sizes, pent-roof combustion chambers, dual chain-driven camshafts, and stock piston crown shapes of the production Quad 4. The RE is a wet sleeve design, with four cast iron cylinder liners attached to an upper cylinder block deck plate. With
5214-479: The sump is die-cast aluminum. Although cogged timing belts were becoming popular among contemporary overhead cam designs, the Quad 4 uses timing chains to drive both camshafts, as well as the water pump. Engine accessories are driven by a single-plane serpentine belt. Fuel is delivered by an electronic fuel injection system, and spark is produced by a distributorless ignition system called "direct-fire", that alternately fires two ignition coils located under
5293-479: The sump is die-cast aluminum. Although cogged timing belts were becoming popular among contemporary overhead cam designs, the Quad 4 uses timing chains to drive both camshafts, as well as the water pump. Engine accessories are driven by a single-plane serpentine belt. Fuel is delivered by an electronic fuel injection system, and spark is produced by a distributorless ignition system called "direct-fire", that alternately fires two ignition coils located under
5372-490: Was able to produce that power with a 9.5:1 compression ratio , and was able to meet emission standards without using an EGR system. Minor running changes to the base Quad 4 included different crankshafts, cams, and manifolds , all meant to increase torque and reduce NVH. A slightly augmented version of the LD2 was offered in some Oldsmobile Achieva models with the SC (and possibly SL) trim packages. In this application
5451-442: Was able to produce that power with a 9.5:1 compression ratio , and was able to meet emission standards without using an EGR system. Minor running changes to the base Quad 4 included different crankshafts, cams, and manifolds , all meant to increase torque and reduce NVH. A slightly augmented version of the LD2 was offered in some Oldsmobile Achieva models with the SC (and possibly SL) trim packages. In this application
5530-442: Was almost the same as the first but featured elongated rear bodywork tapering downwards and a different engine, with a twin-turbocharged 2.0-liter BE engine built by Feuling Engineering in place of the 2.0-liter single-turbocharged Batten RE. The BE engine proved capable of generating a maximum power output in excess of 1,000 hp (746 kW). The cars are built on modified March Engineering 85C CART chassis similar to that of
5609-615: Was developed by Keith Black Racing Engines, who produced a Y-block with deep skirts. This engine was also linered — in this case by a set of aluminum/ Nikasil liners courtesy of Mahle . The engine's camshaft profiles were the result of a collaboration between Feuling, Engle Manufacturing Company, and Dick Jones Camshafts. In the BE, the camshafts are driven by timing belts rather than chains. Each intake and exhaust valve has its own external port. External manifolding connects each exhaust port to one of two different turbochargers. Feuling later used
5688-567: Was developed by Keith Black Racing Engines, who produced a Y-block with deep skirts. This engine was also linered — in this case by a set of aluminum/ Nikasil liners courtesy of Mahle . The engine's camshaft profiles were the result of a collaboration between Feuling, Engle Manufacturing Company, and Dick Jones Camshafts. In the BE, the camshafts are driven by timing belts rather than chains. Each intake and exhaust valve has its own external port. External manifolding connects each exhaust port to one of two different turbochargers. Feuling later used
5767-515: Was installed in an Oldsmobile 98 that was previewed by MotorWeek . A turbocharged Quad 4 was never released as a production option. The pace car for the 1988 Indianapolis 500 was an Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme that had been converted into an open car by Cars and Concepts. The engine was a turbocharged 2.3-liter Quad 4 built mainly with factory parts that produced 250 hp (190 kW) at 6400 rpm. The Oldsmobile Aerotech II and Aerotech III were both released in 1989. The Aerotech II
5846-515: Was installed in an Oldsmobile 98 that was previewed by MotorWeek . A turbocharged Quad 4 was never released as a production option. The pace car for the 1988 Indianapolis 500 was an Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme that had been converted into an open car by Cars and Concepts. The engine was a turbocharged 2.3-liter Quad 4 built mainly with factory parts that produced 250 hp (190 kW) at 6400 rpm. The Oldsmobile Aerotech II and Aerotech III were both released in 1989. The Aerotech II
5925-401: Was known as a transitional year for the engine family. Applications: The "high output" 2.3-liter LG0 was rated at 180 hp (134 kW) from 1989 to 1992, 175 hp (130 kW) in 1993 and 170 hp (127 kW) in 1994. Both the 1993 and 1994 power reductions were a direct result of the first two rounds of exhaust port size reductions for NVH control. The LG0 is differentiated from
6004-401: Was known as a transitional year for the engine family. Applications: The "high output" 2.3-liter LG0 was rated at 180 hp (134 kW) from 1989 to 1992, 175 hp (130 kW) in 1993 and 170 hp (127 kW) in 1994. Both the 1993 and 1994 power reductions were a direct result of the first two rounds of exhaust port size reductions for NVH control. The LG0 is differentiated from
6083-492: Was removed, exposing the tall cam towers and deep valley between them holding the spark plugs. The LD2 is the original version of the Quad 4, introduced in 1987 for the 1988 model year. Bore × stroke are 92 mm × 85 mm (3.6 in × 3.3 in), for a displacement of 2,260 cc (137.9 cu in). In base form it put out 150 bhp (112 kW) from 1988 to 1989 and 160 bhp (119 kW) from 1990 to 1992. The naturally aspirated Quad 4
6162-492: Was removed, exposing the tall cam towers and deep valley between them holding the spark plugs. The LD2 is the original version of the Quad 4, introduced in 1987 for the 1988 model year. Bore × stroke are 92 mm × 85 mm (3.6 in × 3.3 in), for a displacement of 2,260 cc (137.9 cu in). In base form it put out 150 bhp (112 kW) from 1988 to 1989 and 160 bhp (119 kW) from 1990 to 1992. The naturally aspirated Quad 4
6241-419: Was used in the short-tail (ST) car. Feuling Engineering of Ventura, California developed the twin-turbocharged Feuling BE engine producing an estimated 1,000 hp (750 kW), which was installed in the long-tail (LT) Aerotech. On August 26, 1987, the development team tested the two completed cars on the Fort Stockton test track in the presence of FIA officials. Initial tests with the short-tail version of
#700299