143-694: Dame Olivia Newton-John AC DBE (26 September 1948 – 8 August 2022) was a British and Australian singer and actress. She was a four-time Grammy Award winner whose music career included fifteen top-ten singles, including five number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 and two number-one albums on the Billboard 200 : If You Love Me, Let Me Know (1974) and Have You Never Been Mellow (1975). Eleven of her singles (including two Platinum ) and fourteen of her albums (including two Platinum and four 2× Platinum) have been certified Gold by
286-469: A Privatdozent at Göttingen. In 1919 and 1920, Max Born became displeased about the large number of objections against Einstein's relativity, and gave speeches in the winter of 1919 in support of Einstein. Born received pay for his relativity speeches which helped with expenses through the year of rapid inflation. The speeches in German language became a book published in 1920 of which Einstein received
429-699: A British subject on 31 August 1939, one day before the Second World War broke out in Europe. Born remained at Edinburgh until he reached the retirement age of 70 in 1952. He retired to Bad Pyrmont , in West Germany , in 1954. In October, he received word that he was being awarded the Nobel Prize. His fellow physicists had never stopped nominating him. Franck and Fermi had nominated him in 1947 and 1948 for his work on crystal lattices, and over
572-576: A 1978 concert tour of Japan to protest the slaughter of dolphins caught in tuna fishing nets. She subsequently rescheduled the tour when the Japanese government assured her that the practice was being curbed. In honor of dolphins, in 1981 she also composed and recorded the song "The Promise (the Dolphin Song)" on the Physical album. She was a performer on the 1979 Music for UNICEF Concert for
715-447: A River". Neither track became a chart success; the project failed and the group disbanded. In 1971, Newton-John released her first solo album, If Not for You (US No. 158 Pop). In the UK, the album was released as Olivia Newton-John . The title track , written by Bob Dylan , was her first international hit (US No. 25 Pop, No. 1 Adult Contemporary /"AC"). Her follow-up single, " Banks of
858-835: A Silesian family of industrialists. She died when Max was four years old, on 29 August 1886. Max had a sister, Käthe, who was born in 1884, and a half-brother, Wolfgang, from his father's second marriage, to Bertha Lipstein. Wolfgang later became Professor of Art History at the City College of New York . Initially educated at the König-Wilhelm- Gymnasium in Breslau, Born entered the University of Breslau in 1901. The German university system allowed students to move easily from one university to another, so he spent summer semesters at Heidelberg University in 1902 and
1001-648: A career nine total) top 10 albums through 1976's Don't Stop Believin' (No. 30 Pop, No. 7 Country). She headlined her first US television special, A Special Olivia Newton-John , in November 1976. In 1977, the single " Sam ", a mid-tempo waltz from Don't Stop Believin' , returned her to the No. 1 spot on the AC (No. 40 Country) and also reached No. 20 Pop, her highest chart placement since "Something Better to Do". By mid-1977, Newton-John's pop, AC, and country success all suffered
1144-561: A challenge to take the prime ministership in September 2015. Two months after coming into office, the new republican prime minister announced that the Queen had approved his request to amend the Order's letters patent and cease awards at this level. Existing titles would not be affected. The move was attacked by monarchists and praised by republicans. The amendments to the constitution of
1287-733: A debate among purists, who took issue with a foreigner singing country-flavoured pop music being classed with native Nashville artists. In addition to her Grammy for "Let Me Be There", in 1974 Newton-John was also named the Country Music Association Female Vocalist of the Year, a designation which made her the first British singer to have won the award; and the title also meant she defeated more established Nashville-based nominees Loretta Lynn , Dolly Parton and Tanya Tucker , as well as Canadian artist Anne Murray . This protest by country music participants led to
1430-410: A duet with Andy Gibb from his After Dark album, and by starring in her third television special, Hollywood Nights . Later that year, she appeared in her first film since Grease when she starred with Gene Kelly and Michael Beck in the musical fantasy Xanadu . Although the film was a critical failure, its soundtrack (No. 4 Pop) was certified double platinum and scored five top 20 singles on
1573-634: A frequent visitor to Born's home. Within days of the armistice in November 1918, Planck had the Army release Born. A chance meeting with Fritz Haber that month led to discussion of the manner in which an ionic compound is formed when a metal reacts with a halogen , which is today known as the Born–Haber cycle . Even before Born had taken up the chair in Berlin, von Laue had changed his mind, and decided that he wanted it after all. He arranged with Born and
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#17327868687811716-534: A meeting of the Göttingen Mathematics Society. He did not get far before he was publicly challenged by Klein and Max Abraham , who rejected relativity, forcing him to terminate the lecture. However, Hilbert and Runge were interested in Born's work, and, after some discussion with Born, they became convinced of the veracity of his results and persuaded him to give the lecture again. This time he
1859-541: A member of the British Empire, members of the colonies and later federated nation of Australia were able to have achievement awarded under the British Imperial Honours system . However, existing criticism of the aristocratic nature of the awards grew following a cash-for-honours corruption scandal in the UK in 1922. Moves to abolish the awards federally and the states were unsuccessful; however
2002-538: A middle-class family. Her mother was born and raised in Germany to a German Jewish academic family who came to the UK in 1933 to escape the Nazi regime . Newton-John's maternal grandfather was German Jewish Nobel Prize –winning physicist Max Born . Her maternal grandmother Hedwig was the daughter of German Jewish jurist Victor Ehrenberg and his Lutheran wife, Helene Agatha von Jhering. Through Helene Agatha, Newton-John
2145-471: A paper entitled Über quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen ("Quantum-Theoretical Re-interpretation of Kinematic and Mechanical Relations") to review, and submit for publication. In the paper, Heisenberg formulated quantum theory, avoiding the concrete, but unobservable, representations of electron orbits by using parameters such as transition probabilities for quantum jumps, which necessitated using two indexes corresponding to
2288-473: A paper on electrodynamics in 1912, and Born had used them in his work on the lattices theory of crystals in 1921. While matrices were used in these cases, the algebra of matrices with their multiplication did not enter the picture as they did in the matrix formulation of quantum mechanics. With the help of his assistant and former student Pascual Jordan , Born began immediately to make a transcription and extension, and they submitted their results for publication;
2431-488: A popular science book, The Restless Universe , and a textbook, Atomic Physics , that soon became a standard text, going through seven editions. His family soon settled into life in England, with his daughters Irene and Gritli becoming engaged to Welshman Brinley (Bryn) Newton-John and Englishman Maurice Pryce respectively. Born's granddaughter Olivia Newton-John was the daughter of Irene. Born's position at Cambridge
2574-465: A practising Lutheran when he got married, as did Max's sister Käthe. Despite never practising his religion, Born refused to convert, and his wedding on 2 August 1913 was a garden ceremony. However, he was baptised as a Lutheran in March 1914 by the same pastor who had performed his wedding ceremony. Born regarded "religious professions and churches as a matter of no importance". His decision to be baptised
2717-585: A representation of the states (with whom Whitlam's government was constantly in dispute) through the state badges within the Commonwealth Coat of Arms . The original three-level structure of the Order of Australia was modelled closely upon the Order of Canada , though the Order of Australia has been awarded rather more liberally, especially in regard to honorary awards to non-citizens. As of July 2024 only 30 non-Canadians have been appointed to
2860-437: A short-lived, all-girl group called Sol Four which often performed at a coffee shop owned by her brother-in-law. Newton-John originally wanted to become a veterinarian but then chose to focus on performance after doubting her ability to pass science exams. In 1964, Newton-John's acting talent was first recognised portraying Lady Mary Lasenby in her University High School's production of The Admirable Crichton as she became
3003-476: A slight blow. Her Making a Good Thing Better album (No. 34 Pop, No. 13 Country) was not certified gold, and its only single, the title track (No. 87 Pop, No. 20 AC), did not reach the AC top 10 or the Country chart. Later that year, Olivia Newton-John's Greatest Hits (No. 13 Pop, No. 7 Country) became her first platinum album . Newton-John was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in
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#17327868687813146-458: A subject near and dear to Klein – which Klein had arranged to be the subject for the prestigious annual Philosophy Faculty Prize offered by the university. Entries could also qualify as doctoral dissertations. Born responded by turning down the offer, as applied mathematics was not his preferred area of study. Klein was greatly offended. Klein had the power to make or break academic careers, so Born felt compelled to atone by submitting an entry for
3289-531: A talent contest on the television program Sing, Sing, Sing , hosted by 1960s Australian icon Johnny O'Keefe . She performed the songs " Anyone Who Had a Heart " and " Everything's Coming Up Roses ". She was initially reluctant to use her prize, a trip to Great Britain, but travelled there nearly a year later after her mother encouraged her to broaden her horizons. While in Britain, Newton-John missed her then-boyfriend, Ian Turpie , with whom she had co-starred in
3432-578: Is a great uncle of British comedian Ben Elton . By the end of 1913, Born had published 27 papers, including important work on relativity and the dynamics of crystal lattices (3 with Theodore von Karman ), which became a book. In 1914, he received a letter from Max Planck explaining that a new professor extraordinarius chair of theoretical physics had been created at the University of Berlin . The chair had been offered to Max von Laue , but he had turned it down. Born accepted. The First World War
3575-434: Is a registered charity, whose stated purpose is "[t]o celebrate and promote outstanding Australian citizenship". It also supports the "community and social activities" of members and promotes and encourages the nomination of other Australians to the Order. The Order also runs a foundation that provides scholarships to tertiary students that show potential as future leaders and are involved in community activities. Branches of
3718-413: Is formed when a metal reacts with a halogen , which is today known as the Born–Haber cycle . In World War I he was originally placed as a radio operator, but his specialist knowledge led to his being moved to research duties on sound ranging . In 1921 Born returned to Göttingen, where he arranged another chair for his long-time friend and colleague James Franck . Under Born, Göttingen became one of
3861-473: Is issued with each badge of the order at the time of investiture; AK/AD and AC lapel pins feature a citrine central jewel, AO and AM lapel pins have a blue enamelled centre and OAM lapel pins are plain. The different levels of the order are awarded according to the recipients' levels of achievement: Since 1976 any Australian citizen may nominate any person for an Order of Australia award. People who are not Australian citizens may be awarded honorary membership of
4004-563: Is likely to feel a bit second-rate, and the public is likely to agree. We hate to be the first to say it, but there is no doubt that the Order of Australia (OA) will be labelled as the Ocker Award. Satire and mockery also greeted the awards, being dubbed "Gough’s Gongs" and "the Order of the Wombat". The newly elected Liberal Fraser government decided to once again make recommendations for imperial awards, whilst maintaining and expanding
4147-455: Is no other Born to be found in Germany today." In negotiating for the position with the education ministry, Born arranged for another chair, of experimental physics, at Göttingen for his long-time friend and colleague James Franck . In 1919 Elisabeth Bormann joined the Institut für Theoretische Physik as his assistant. She developed the first atomic beams. Working with Born, Bormann was
4290-464: Is one of the best-selling soundtracks of all time. In June 2006, Newton-John's company ON-J Productions Ltd filed a lawsuit against Universal Music Group (UMG) for $ 1 million in unpaid royalties from the Grease soundtrack. In 2007, it was announced that she and UMG had reached a "conditional settlement". Newton-John's performance earned her a People's Choice Award for Favourite Film Actress. She
4433-640: Is the root cause of all evil in the world. In retirement, he continued scientific work, and produced new editions of his books. In 1955 he became one of signatories to the Russell-Einstein Manifesto . He died at age 87 in hospital in Göttingen on 5 January 1970, and is buried in the Stadtfriedhof there, in the same cemetery as Walther Nernst , Wilhelm Weber , Max von Laue , Otto Hahn , Max Planck , and David Hilbert . He
Olivia Newton-John - Misplaced Pages Continue
4576-537: The 1979 New Year Honours and Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2020 New Year Honours for services to charity, cancer research, and entertainment. In 1978, Newton-John's career soared after she starred as Sandy in the film adaptation of the Broadway musical Grease. She was offered the role after meeting producer Allan Carr at a dinner party at Helen Reddy 's home. Disillusioned by her Toomorrow experience and concerned that she
4719-691: The Austin Hospital opened in her home town of Melbourne; in 2015, the facility was rechristened the Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness & Research Centre. She was also an activist for environmental and animal rights causes. Olivia Newton-John was born on 26 September 1948 in Cambridge to Brinley "Bryn" Newton-John (1914–1992) and Irene Helene (née Born; 1914–2003). Her father was born and raised in Wales to
4862-488: The Australian Labor Party remained opposed and generally refused to recommend awards whilst in office, with this a part of the party's platform since 1918. This was confirmed in a resolution adopted unanimously by the party conference in 1921. However, the non-Labor parties remained supportive, with the long running Menzies government making significant use of the imperial system. The Order of Australia
5005-627: The Billboard Hot 100. Newton-John charted with " Magic " (No. 1 Pop, No. 1 AC), " Suddenly " with Cliff Richard (No. 20 Pop, No. 4 AC) and the title song " Xanadu " with the Electric Light Orchestra (No. 8 Pop, No. 2 AC). [ELO also charted with "I'm Alive" (No. 16 Pop, No. 48 AC) and "All Over the World" (No. 13 Pop, No. 46 AC).] "Magic" was Newton-John's biggest pop hit to that point (four weeks at No. 1) and still ranks as
5148-666: The EMI Records label. The Long Live Love album was released in the US and Canada as If You Love Me, Let Me Know . All the Eurovision entries were dropped for different and more country-flavoured tunes intended to capitalise on the success of "Let Me Be There"; the North American offering used selections from Long Live Love , Olivia and Music Makes My Day , and only the title cut was new. The album reached No. 1 on both
5291-567: The Enigma project at Bletchley Park who took Rudolf Hess into custody during World War II . After the war, he became the headmaster of the Cambridgeshire High School for Boys and was in this post when Newton-John was born. Newton-John was the youngest of three children, following her brother Hugh (1939–2019), a medical doctor, and her sister Rona (1941–2013), an actress who was married to restaurateur Brian Goldsmith and
5434-534: The John Farrar -penned title track (No. 1 Pop, No. 3 Country, No. 1 AC) and " Please Mr. Please " (No. 3 Pop, No. 5 Country, No. 1 AC). Her pop career cooled with the release of her next album, Clearly Love . Her streak of five consecutive gold top 10 singles on the Billboard Hot 100 ended when the album's first single, " Something Better to Do ", stopped at No. 13 (also No. 19 Country and No. 1 AC). Her albums still achieved gold status, and she returned to
5577-616: The Nazi Party came to power in Germany, and Born, who was Jewish , was suspended from his professorship at the University of Göttingen. He emigrated to the United Kingdom, where he took a job at St John's College, Cambridge , and wrote a popular science book, The Restless Universe , as well as Atomic Physics , which soon became a standard textbook. In October 1936, he became the Tait Professor of Natural Philosophy at
5720-481: The Nazi Party came to power in Germany. In May, Born became one of six Jewish professors at Göttingen who were suspended with pay; Franck had already resigned. In twelve years they had built Göttingen into one of the world's foremost centres for physics. Born began looking for a new job, writing to Maria Göppert-Mayer at Johns Hopkins University and Rudi Ladenburg at Princeton University . He accepted an offer from St John's College, Cambridge . At Cambridge, he wrote
5863-664: The Record of the Year Grammy winner " I Honestly Love You " (1974) and " Physical " (1981)— Billboard ' s highest-ranking Hot 100 single of the 1980s. Other defining hit singles include " If Not for You " and " Banks of the Ohio " (both 1971), " Let Me Be There " (1973), " If You Love Me (Let Me Know) " (1974), " Have You Never Been Mellow " (1975), " Sam " (1977), " Hopelessly Devoted to You " (1978; also from Grease ), " A Little More Love " (1978), " Twist of Fate " (1983) and, from
Olivia Newton-John - Misplaced Pages Continue
6006-600: The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). In 1978, Newton-John starred in the musical film Grease , which was the highest-grossing musical film at the time and whose soundtrack remains one of the world's best-selling albums . It features two major hit duets with co-star John Travolta : " You're the One That I Want "—which is one of the best-selling singles of all time —and " Summer Nights ". Her signature solo recordings include
6149-503: The Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1937, and of the Royal Society of London in March 1939. During 1939, he got as many of his remaining friends and relatives still in Germany as he could out of the country, including his sister Käthe, in-laws Kurt and Marga, and the daughters of his friend Heinrich Rausch von Traubenberg. Hedi ran a domestic bureau, placing young Jewish women in jobs. Born received his certificate of naturalisation as
6292-583: The Thomson model of the atom. Born settled in as a young academic at Göttingen as a Privatdozent . In Göttingen, Born stayed at a boarding house run by Sister Annie at Dahlmannstraße 17, known as El BoKaReBo. The name was derived from the first letters of the last names of its boarders: "El" for Ella Philipson (a medical student), "Bo" for Born and Hans Bolza (a physics student), "Ka" for Theodore von Kármán (a Privatdozent ), and "Re" for Albrecht Renner (another medical student). A frequent visitor to
6435-457: The University of Edinburgh , an offer that Born promptly accepted, assuming the chair in October 1936. In Edinburgh, Born promoted the teaching of mathematical physics . He had two German assistants, E. Walter Kellermann and Klaus Fuchs , and one Scottish assistant, Robert Schlapp , and together they continued to investigate the mysterious behaviour of electrons . Born became a Fellow of
6578-476: The University of Edinburgh , where, working with German-born assistants E. Walter Kellermann and Klaus Fuchs , he continued his research into physics. Born became a naturalised British subject on 31 August 1939, one day before World War II broke out in Europe. He remained in Edinburgh until 1952. He retired to Bad Pyrmont , in West Germany , and died in a hospital in Göttingen on 5 January 1970. Max Born
6721-669: The University of Melbourne . Her family attended church while her father served as the head of the Presbyterian college. Newton-John attended Christ Church Grammar School in the Melbourne suburb of South Yarra and then the University High School in Parkville . Newton-John went to primary school with Daryl Braithwaite , who also followed a singing career. At age 14, with three classmates, Newton-John formed
6864-541: The University of Zurich in 1903. Fellow students at Breslau, Otto Toeplitz and Ernst Hellinger , told Born about the University of Göttingen , and Born went there in April 1904. At Göttingen he found three renowned mathematicians: Felix Klein , David Hilbert and Hermann Minkowski . Very soon after his arrival, Born formed close ties to the latter two men. From the first class he took with Hilbert, Hilbert identified Born as having exceptional abilities and selected him as
7007-400: The "Physical" title track prompted two Utah radio stations to ban the single from their playlists. (In 2010, Billboard magazine ranked this as the most popular single ever about sex.) To counter its overtly suggestive tone, Newton-John filmed an exercise-themed video that turned the song into an aerobics anthem and made headbands a fashion accessory outside the gym. She helped pioneer
7150-494: The 1933 Prize "for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory". On 25 November 1933, Born received a letter from Heisenberg in which he said he had been delayed in writing due to a "bad conscience" that he alone had received the Prize "for work done in Göttingen in collaboration—you, Jordan and I." Heisenberg went on to say that Born and Jordan's contribution to quantum mechanics cannot be changed by "a wrong decision from
7293-547: The 1965 Australian telefilm Funny Things Happen Down Under . She repeatedly booked trips back to Australia that her mother cancelled. In 1966, Newton-John recorded her first single, "Till You Say You'll Be Mine", in Britain for Decca Records . Newton-John's outlook changed when Pat Carroll moved to the UK. The two formed a duo called Pat and Olivia and toured nightclubs in Europe. (In one incident, they were booked at Paul Raymond's Revue in Soho , London, and were unaware that it
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#17327868687817436-525: The 1980 film Xanadu , " Magic " and " Xanadu " (with the Electric Light Orchestra ). With over 100 million records sold, Newton-John is one of the best-selling music artists of all time as well as the highest-selling female Australian recording artist of all-time. Newton-John, who had breast cancer three times, was an advocate and sponsor for breast cancer research . In 2012, the Olivia Newton-John Cancer & Wellness Centre at
7579-474: The 435 people who have received the nation's top Order of Australia honours since they were first awarded in 1975, shows they disproportionately attended a handful of elite Victorian secondary schools. Scotch College alumni received the highest number of awards, with 19 former students receiving Australia's [then] highest honour". On 26 January 1980 the Order of Australia Association was created as an incorporated body with membership open to award recipients. It
7722-691: The British public out of six possible entries (Newton-John later admitted that she disliked the song). Newton-John finished fourth at the contest, held in Brighton , behind the Swedish winning entry, " Waterloo " by ABBA . All six Eurovision contest song candidates—"Have Love, Will Travel", "Lovin' You Ain't Easy", "Long Live Love", "Someday", "Angel Eyes" and "Hands Across the Sea"—were recorded by Newton-John and included on her Long Live Love album, her first for
7865-507: The Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies about special relativity . Born was intrigued, and began researching the subject. He was devastated to discover that Minkowski was also researching special relativity along the same lines, but when he wrote to Minkowski about his results, Minkowski asked him to return to Göttingen and do his habilitation there. Born accepted. Toeplitz helped Born brush up on his matrix algebra so he could work with
8008-586: The Hot 100. The single was certified platinum, and it ultimately ranked as the biggest song of the decade. (In 2008, Billboard ranked the song No. 6 among all songs that charted in the 50-year history of the Hot 100.) "Physical" earned Newton-John her only placement ever on the R&;B Singles (No. 28) and Albums (No. 32) charts. The Physical album spawned two more singles, " Make a Move on Me " (No. 5 Pop, No. 6 AC) and "Landslide" (No. 52 Pop). The provocative lyrics of
8151-460: The Minkowski household for Sunday dinners. In addition, while performing his duties as scribe and assistant, Born often saw Minkowski at Hilbert's house. Born's relationship with Klein was more problematic. Born attended a seminar conducted by Klein and professors of applied mathematics , Carl Runge and Ludwig Prandtl , on the subject of elasticity . Although not particularly interested in
8294-737: The Night " (No. 11 Pop, No. 87 Country, No. 4 AC), and the title track (No. 52 Pop)—all demonstrated a more aggressive and uptempo sound for Newton-John. Although the album de-emphasised the country sound, the LP still reached No. 4 on the Country Albums chart. Newton-John released the B-side, "Dancin' 'Round and 'Round", of the "Totally Hot" single to Country radio. The entry peaked at No. 29 (as well as No. 82 Pop and No. 25 AC), and it became her last charted solo Country airplay single. Newton-John cancelled
8437-477: The Ohio ", was a top 10 hit in the UK and Australia, but only peaked at number 94 in the United States. She was voted Best British Female Vocalist two years in a row by the magazine Record Mirror . She made frequent appearances on Cliff Richard 's weekly show It's Cliff Richard and starred with him in the telefilm The Case . Newton-John's 1972 single " What Is Life " (No. 34 AC) made minimal impact in
8580-418: The Order of Australia and the award of 199 Honorary Medals of the Order of Australia. Notable honorary awards include: Since 1975, just over 30 per cent of recipients of an Order of Australia honour have been women. The number of nominations and awards for women is trending up, with the 2023 Australia Day Honours resulting in the highest percentage of awards for women to date (47.1 per cent, 47.9 per cent in
8723-597: The Order of Australia. This was done by with the addition of two additional award levels: Knight or Dame (AK or AD) above the level of Companion, and the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) below Members. The Civil Division was also renamed the General Division, so that awards could be given to those in the Defence Force for non-military achievement. These changes were made on 24 May 1976. The reaction to
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#17327868687818866-486: The Order of Canada, while 537 non-Australians have been appointed to the Order of Australia, with 46 to the Companion level. Public reaction to the new awards was mixed. Only the state Labor governments of Tasmania and South Australia agreed to submit recommendations for the new awards, with the remaining governments affirming their committent to the existing imperial honours system. Newspaper editorials similarly praised
9009-498: The Order were gazetted on 22 December 2015. Yvonne Kenny AM represented the Order at the 2023 Coronation . King Charles III , when he was Prince of Wales , was appointed a Knight of the Order of Australia (AK) on 14 March 1981. As he is not an Australian citizen, even though he was the heir to the Australian throne at the time, this would have required the award to be honorary. To overcome this issue, his appointment
9152-470: The Order would be determined by the Council of the Order of Australia. Awards of the Order of Australia are sometimes made to people who are not citizens of Australia to honour extraordinary achievements. These achievements, or the people themselves, are not necessarily associated with Australia, although they often are. On 1 July 2024, the Australian Honours website listed appointments for 46 Honorary Companions, 118 Honorary Officers, 174 Honorary Members of
9295-476: The Pop (one week) and Country (six weeks) albums charts with her next album, Have You Never Been Mellow . For 45 years, Olivia held the Guinness World Record for the shortest gap (154 days) by a female between new Number 1 albums ( If You Love Me, Let Me Know > Have You Never Been Mellow ) on the US Billboard 200 album charts until Taylor Swift in 2020 (140 days with folklore > evermore ). The Have You Never Been Mellow album generated two singles –
9438-441: The Queen to reinstate the level of knight or dame and the Queen co-signed letters patent to bring this into effect. The change was publicly announced on 25 March, and gazetted on 17 April 2014. Up to four knights or dames could be appointed each year, by the Queen of Australia on the advice of the prime minister after consultation with the chairman of the Order of Australia Council. Five awards of knight and dame were then made, to
9581-454: The UN's International Year of the Child televised worldwide. During the concert, artists performed songs for which they donated their royalties, some in perpetuity, to benefit the cause. In April 1975, Newton-John and MCA entered into an initial two-year, four-album deal in which she was expected to deliver two LPs a year for the record company. MCA also had the option of extending the contract for six more records and three more years; and if
9724-530: The United States. As a result, her second studio album Olivia was never formally issued in the United States. The subsequent single " Take Me Home, Country Roads " similarly saw little success. Her fortune changed with the release of " Let Me Be There " in 1973. The song reached the American top 10 on the Pop (No. 6), Country (No. 7), and AC (No. 3) charts and earned her a Grammy for Best Country Female and an Academy of Country Music award for Most Promising Female Vocalist. Her third studio album Let Me Be There
9867-602: The University of Göttingen's Institute for Theoretical Physics included Enrico Fermi , Werner Heisenberg, Gerhard Herzberg , Friedrich Hund, Pascual Jordan, Wolfgang Pauli, Léon Rosenfeld , Edward Teller , and Eugene Wigner . Walter Heitler became an assistant to Born in 1928, and completed his habilitation under him in 1929. Born not only recognised talent to work with him, but he "let his superstars stretch past him; to those less gifted, he patiently handed out respectable but doable assignments." Delbrück, and Goeppert-Mayer went on to be awarded Nobel Prizes. In January 1933,
10010-423: The Year and Best Pop Vocal Performance – Female. In her 2018 autobiography, Don't Stop Believin', Newton-John describes "I Honestly Love You" as a song which is "so simple, with a meaning that was deeper than the ocean". In 1974, she received the (BCMA) British Country Music Association Award for "Female Vocalist of the Year" in London, England. In the United States, Newton-John's success in country music sparked
10153-440: The Young Sun's Drama Award best schoolgirl actress runner-up. She then became a regular on local Australian television shows, including Time for Terry and HSV-7 's The Happy Show , where she performed as "Lovely Livvy". She also appeared on The Go!! Show , where she met her future duet partner, singer Pat Carroll , and her future music producer, John Farrar . (Carroll and Farrar later married.) In 1965, she entered and won
10296-471: The advice of then prime minister Gough Whitlam . Before the establishment of the order, Australians could receive British honours , which continued to be issued in parallel until 1992. Appointments to the order are made by the governor-general , "with the approval of The Sovereign", according to recommendations made by the Council for the Order of Australia . Members of the government are not involved in
10439-446: The artist did not deliver on time, MCA was allegedly allowed to lengthen the term of the contract. Per her new agreement with MCA, Newton-John's first three albums, beginning with Clearly Love , came out on schedule. Her fourth, Making a Good Thing Better , was late. This delay occurred around the same time she was working on Grease for RSO Records , and the postponement arguably gave MCA—which seemed to want to keep its hold on
10582-511: The association are in all the states and territories of Australia as well as the UK and the USA. Total inductees as of July 2024 . The order of wearing Australian and other approved honours is determined by the government. The award is parodied in the play Amigos , where the central character is determined to be awarded the AC, and uses persuasion, bribery and blackmail in his (ultimately successful) attempts to get himself nominated for
10725-450: The award to Prince Philip in a ReachTEL poll. The Australian Labor Party continued to oppose knighthoods and damehoods. Leader of the opposition Bill Shorten stated in March 2014 that the party would again discontinue the level if it were to win the next Australian federal election. The knighthood decision was a significant factor that caused Liberal party members to question Abbott's leadership, with Malcolm Turnbull succeeding in
10868-401: The award. During the 1996 season of the popular television programme Home and Away , the character Pippa Ross was awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia for her years of service as a foster carer. Max Born Max Born FRS FRSE ( German: [ˈmaks ˈbɔʁn] ; 11 December 1882 – 5 January 1970) was a German-British physicist and mathematician who
11011-411: The awards as an example of Australia's greater independence, whilst also noting that the awards would likely appear second-rate. The Australian stated that There is no longer a British Empire; everyone knows that. But somehow the phrase "imperial honours" still carries a ring of regal authenticity that somehow transcends nationalism. For the time being a recipient ... of the Order of Australia
11154-494: The biggest AC hit of her career (five weeks at No. 1). The film Xanadu has since become a cult classic and the basis for a Broadway show that ran for more than 500 performances beginning in 2007 and was nominated for four Tony Awards including Best Musical. In 1981, Newton-John released her most successful studio album, the double platinum Physical , which strongly reinforced her image change by showcasing risqué, rock-oriented material. Newton-John explained: "I just wasn't in
11297-466: The boarding house was Paul Peter Ewald , a doctoral student of Arnold Sommerfeld on loan to Hilbert at Göttingen as a special assistant for physics. Richard Courant , a mathematician and Privatdozent , called these people the "in group". In 1912, Born met Hedwig (Hedi) Ehrenberg, the daughter of a Leipzig University law professor, and a friend of Carl Runge's daughter Iris . She was of Jewish background on her father's side, although he had become
11440-404: The centre an enamelled disc bearing an image of the coat of arms of Australia . The colours of royal blue and gold are taken from the livery colours of the Commonwealth Coat of Arms , the then national colours . The star for knights and dames is a convex golden disc decorated with citrines, with a blue royally crowned inner disc bearing an image of the coat of arms of Australia. The ribbon of
11583-519: The changes to the awards were similarly split along party lines. Following the 1983 federal election , Labor Prime Minister Bob Hawke recommitted to the end of recommendations for imperial awards. No knighthoods were awarded during his first term in office and he advised the abolition of the knight/dame level after being re-elected in 1986. During the time the division was active from 1976 to 1983, twelve knights and two dames were created. On 19 March 2014, monarchist prime minister Tony Abbott advised
11726-463: The exception of awards recommended by the soon to be independent government of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea ); however this did not affect the constitutional right of state governments to recommend imperial awards. According to the governor general's then-secretary Sir David Smith , Whitlam was furious when he first saw Devlin's design for the insignia of the order, due to the inclusion of
11869-597: The faculties concerned for them to exchange jobs. In April 1919, Born became professor ordinarius and Director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics on the science faculty at the University of Frankfurt am Main . While there, he was approached by the University of Göttingen, which was looking for a replacement for Peter Debye as Director of the Physical Institute. "Theoretical physics," Einstein advised him, "will flourish wherever you happen to be; there
12012-417: The first to measure the free path of atoms in gases and the size of molecules. For the 12 years Born and Franck were at the University of Göttingen (1921 to 1933), Born had a collaborator with shared views on basic scientific concepts—a benefit for teaching and research. Born's collaborative approach with experimental physicists was similar to that of Arnold Sommerfeld at the University of Munich , who
12155-478: The formation of the short-lived Association of Country Entertainers (ACE). Newton-John was eventually supported by the country music community. Stella Parton , Dolly's sister, recorded " Ode to Olivia " and Newton-John recorded her 1976 album, Don't Stop Believin' , in Nashville, Tennessee . Encouraged by expatriate Australian singer Helen Reddy , Newton-John left the UK and moved to the US. Newton-John topped
12298-399: The four-dimensional Minkowski space matrices used in the latter's project to reconcile relativity with electrodynamics . Born and Minkowski got along well, and their work made good progress, but Minkowski died suddenly of appendicitis on 12 January 1909. The mathematics students had Born speak on their behalf at the funeral. A few weeks later, Born attempted to present their results at
12441-489: The general division). Advocacy groups such as Honour a Woman and the Workplace Gender Equality Agency have called for greater effort to be made to reach equal representation of men and women in the order. In December 2010, The Age reported a study of the educational backgrounds of all people who had received Knight/Dame and Companion level awards at that time. It reported: "An analysis of
12584-683: The governments of each respective state and territory, and three ex officio members (the chief of the Defence Force , the vice-president of the Federal Executive Council and a public servant responsible for honours policy). The Council chair as of August 2024 is Shelley Reys. The Council makes recommendations to the governor-general. Awards are announced on Australia Day and on the King's Birthday public holiday in June, on
12727-586: The governor-general to remove an individual from the order, who may cancel an award. Announcements of all awards, cancellations and resignations appear in the Commonwealth Gazette . Nomination forms are confidential and not covered by the Freedom of Information Act 1982 (Cth) . The reasoning behind a nomination being successful or unsuccessful—and even the attendees of the meetings where such nominations are discussed—remains confidential. As
12870-399: The imagination which should not be admissible in any field of science. On the other hand, any assertion of probability is either right or wrong from the standpoint of the theory on which it is based. This loosening of thinking ( Lockerung des Denkens ) seems to me to be the greatest blessing which modern science has given to us. For the belief in a single truth and in being the possessor thereof
13013-417: The initial and final states. When Born read the paper, he recognized the formulation as one which could be transcribed and extended to the systematic language of matrices, which he had learned from his study under Jakob Rosanes at Breslau University . Up until this time, matrices were seldom used by physicists; they were considered to belong to the realm of pure mathematics . Gustav Mie had used them in
13156-597: The jurist Rudolf von Jhering ). Born was survived by his wife Hedi and their children Irene, Gritli and Gustav . Singer and actress Olivia Newton-John was a daughter of Irene (1914–2003), while Gustav is the father of musician and academic Georgina Born and actor Max Born ( Fellini Satyricon ) who are thus also Max's grandchildren. His great-grandchildren include songwriter Brett Goldsmith , singer Tottie Goldsmith , racing car driver Emerson Newton-John , and singer Chloe Rose Lattanzi . Born helped his nephew, architect, Otto Königsberger (1908–1999) obtain commission in
13299-575: The lecture scribe, whose function was to write up the class notes for the students' mathematics reading room at the University of Göttingen. Being class scribe put Born into regular, invaluable contact with Hilbert. Hilbert became Born's mentor after selecting him to be the first to hold the unpaid, semi-official position of assistant. Born's introduction to Minkowski came through Born's stepmother, Bertha, as she knew Minkowski from dancing classes in Königsberg . The introduction netted Born invitations to
13442-451: The mood for tender ballads. I wanted peppy stuff because that's how I'm feeling." Of the title cut, Newton-John said: " Roger Davies was my manager at the time; he played it for me and I knew it was a very catchy song." The title track , written by Steve Kipner and Terry Shaddick, spent ten weeks atop the Billboard Hot 100. This matched the record at that time held by Debby Boone 's " You Light Up My Life " for most weeks spent at No. 1 on
13585-418: The music video industry by recording a video album for Physical , featuring videos of all the album's tracks and three of her older hits. The video album earned her a fourth Grammy and was aired as an ABC prime-time special, Let's Get Physical , becoming a top-10 Nielsen hit. Newton-John asserted: "Like everyone, I've got different sides of my personality. I've my dominant self, my need-to-be-dominated self,
13728-530: The now-standard interpretation of the probability density function for ψ*ψ in the Schrödinger equation , which he published in July 1926. In a letter to Born on 4 December 1926, Einstein made his famous remark regarding quantum mechanics: Quantum mechanics is certainly imposing. But an inner voice tells me that it is not yet the real thing. The theory says a lot, but does not really bring us any closer to
13871-472: The occasion of a special announcement by the governor-general (usually honorary awards), and on the appointment of a new governor-general. The governor-general presents the order's insignia to new appointees. Appointments to the order may be made posthumously as long as a person was nominated for an award whilst they were still alive. Awardees may subsequently resign from the order, and the Council may advise
14014-674: The order at all levels. Nomination forms are submitted to the Director, Honours Secretariat, a position within the Office of the Official Secretary to the Governor-General of Australia , at Government House, Canberra , which are then forwarded to the Council for the Order of Australia . The council consists of 19 members: seven selected by the prime minister (described as "community representatives"), eight appointed by
14157-407: The order in descending order of seniority are: Honorary awards at all levels may be made to non-citizens. These awards are made additional to the quotas. The order's insignia was designed by Stuart Devlin . The badge of the Order of Australia is a convex disc (gold for AKs, ADs and ACs, gilt for AOs, AMs and OAMs) representing a single flower of mimosa . At the centre is a ring, representing
14300-416: The order is royal blue with a central stripe of mimosa blossoms. Awards in the military division are edged with 1.5 mm golden bands. AKs, male ACs and AOs wear their badges on a necklet and male AMs and OAMs wear them on a ribbon on the left chest. Women usually wear their badges on a bow on the left shoulder, although they may wear the same insignia as males if so desired. A gold lapel pin for daily wear
14443-457: The outgoing governor-general , Quentin Bryce ; her successor, Peter Cosgrove ; a recent chief of the Defence Force , Angus Houston ; a recent governor of New South Wales , Marie Bashir ; and Prince Philip . This last award was widely met with ridicule and dismay by many in the Australian media. The award was also heavily criticised in the community, with 72% disapproving and 12% in favour of
14586-606: The outside." In 1954, Heisenberg wrote an article honouring Planck for his insight in 1900, in which he credited Born and Jordan for the final mathematical formulation of matrix mechanics and Heisenberg went on to stress how great their contributions were to quantum mechanics, which were not "adequately acknowledged in the public eye." Those who received their PhD degrees under Born at Göttingen included Max Delbrück , Siegfried Flügge , Friedrich Hund , Pascual Jordan , Maria Goeppert-Mayer , Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim , Robert Oppenheimer , and Victor Weisskopf . Born's assistants at
14729-433: The paper was received for publication just 60 days after Heisenberg's paper. A follow-on paper was submitted for publication before the end of the year by all three authors. The result was a surprising formulation: where p and q were matrices for location and momentum , and I is the identity matrix . The left hand side of the equation is not zero because matrix multiplication is not commutative . This formulation
14872-556: The performer—the right to exercise its option, extend its contract, and stop her from signing with another enterprise. She also did not deliver a "newly optioned" album. On 31 May 1978, Newton-John and MCA each filed breach-of-contract actions against the other. Newton-John sued for $ 10 million and claimed that MCA's failure to adequately promote and advertise her product freed her from their agreement. MCA's countersuit requested $ 1 million in damages and an injunction against Newton-John working with another music firm. Ultimately, Newton-John
15015-506: The platinum " You're the One That I Want " (No. 1 Pop, No. 23 AC) with John Travolta, the gold " Hopelessly Devoted to You " (No. 3 Pop, No. 20 Country, No. 7 AC) and the gold " Summer Nights " (No. 5 Pop, No. 21 AC) with John Travolta and the film's cast. Newton-John became the second woman (after Linda Ronstadt in 1977) to have two singles—"Hopelessly Devoted to You" and "Summer Nights"—in the Billboard top 5 simultaneously. The soundtrack
15158-564: The pop (one week) and country (eight weeks) albums charts. If You Love Me, Let Me Know 's title track was its first single and reached No. 5 Pop, No. 2 Country (her highest-peaking song on the chart) and No. 2 AC. The next single, " I Honestly Love You ", became Newton-John's signature song. Written and composed by Jeff Barry and Peter Allen , the ballad became her first Pop number-one (staying there for two weeks), second AC number-one (for three weeks) and third top 10 Country (No. 6) hit and earned Newton-John two more Grammys for Record of
15301-681: The prime minister alone, rather than by the Council of the Order of Australia, as is the case with all lower levels of the order. In accordance with the statutes of 2014, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh , was created a Knight of the Order by letters patent signed by the Queen on 7 January 2015, on Abbott's advice. Prince Philip's knighthood was announced as part of the Australia Day Honours on 26 January 2015 and his appointment attracted criticism of what Abbott described as his "captain's call". Abbott responded by announcing that future recommendations for appointments as Knights and Dames of
15444-511: The prize. A month later, he passed his oral examination and was awarded his PhD in mathematics magna cum laude . On graduation, Born was obliged to perform his military service, which he had deferred while a student. He found himself drafted into the German army , and posted to the 2nd Guards Dragoons "Empress Alexandra of Russia", which was stationed in Berlin . His service was brief, as he
15587-436: The prize. Because Klein refused to supervise him, Born arranged for Carl Runge to be his supervisor. Woldemar Voigt and Karl Schwarzschild became his other examiners. Starting from his paper, Born developed the equations for the stability conditions. As he became more interested in the topic, he had an apparatus constructed that could test his predictions experimentally. On 13 June 1906, the rector announced that Born had won
15730-476: The proofs before publication. A third edition was published in 1922 and an English translation was published in 1924. Born represented light speed as a function of curvature, "the velocity of light is much greater for some directions of the light ray than its ordinary value c, and other bodies can also attain much greater velocities. " In 1925, Born and Heisenberg formulated the matrix mechanics representation of quantum mechanics . On 9 July, Heisenberg gave Born
15873-431: The recommendation of appointments, other than for military and honorary awards. The King of Australia is the sovereign head of the order, and the governor-general is the principal companion and chancellor of the order. The governor-general's official secretary , Paul Singer (appointed August 2018), is secretary of the order. The order is divided into a general and a military division. The five levels of appointment to
16016-631: The same lines as Heisenberg. Soon, Wolfgang Pauli used the matrix method to calculate the energy values of the hydrogen atom and found that they agreed with the Bohr model . Another important contribution was made by Erwin Schrödinger , who looked at the problem using wave mechanics . This had a great deal of appeal to many at the time, as it offered the possibility of returning to deterministic classical physics. Born would have none of this, as it ran counter to facts determined by experiment. He formulated
16159-416: The sane Olivia and the crazy Olivia. Playing these different characters gave me a chance to show strange parts people haven't seen much." Companion of the Order of Australia The Order of Australia is an Australian honour that recognises Australian citizens and other persons for outstanding achievement and service. It was established on 14 February 1975 by Elizabeth II , Queen of Australia , on
16302-567: The sea, with the word Australia below two branches of mimosa. The whole disc is topped by the Crown of St Edward . The AC badge is decorated with citrines , blue enamelled ring, and enamelled crown. The AO badge is similar, without the citrines. For the AM badge, only the crown is enamelled, and the OAM badge is plain. The AK/AD badge is similar to that of the AC badge, but with the difference that it contains at
16445-575: The secret of the 'old one'. I, at any rate, am convinced that He is not playing at dice. This quotation is often paraphrased as ' God does not play dice '. In 1928, Einstein nominated Heisenberg, Born, and Jordan for the Nobel Prize in Physics , but Heisenberg alone won the 1932 Prize "for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen", while Schrödinger and Dirac shared
16588-407: The subject, Born was obliged to present a paper. He presented one in which, taking the simple case of a curved wire with both ends fixed, he used Hilbert's calculus of variations to determine the configuration that would minimise potential energy and therefore be the most stable. Klein was impressed, and invited Born to submit a thesis on the subject of "Stability of Elastica in a Plane and Space" –
16731-477: The three renowned mathematicians Felix Klein , David Hilbert , and Hermann Minkowski . He wrote his PhD thesis on the subject of the stability of elastic wires and tapes, winning the university's Philosophy Faculty Prize. In 1905, he began researching special relativity with Minkowski, and subsequently wrote his habilitation thesis on the Thomson model of the atom. A chance meeting with Fritz Haber in Berlin in 1918 led to discussion of how an ionic compound
16874-449: The top ten of the Hot 100 and Billboard 200 charts again in 1978. Newton-John's singles continued to top the AC chart, where she amassed ten No. 1 singles, including a record seven consecutively: She provided a prominent, but uncredited, vocal on John Denver 's " Fly Away " single, which was succeeded by her own single, " Let It Shine "/" He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother ", at No. 1 on the AC chart. (" Fly Away " returned to No. 1 after
17017-545: The two-week reign of " Let It Shine ".) In December, 1975, she appeared on the ABC special John Denver - A Rocky Mountain Christmas , where she performed the duet of “ Fly Away ” with John, as well as “ Let It Shine ". Newton-John also continued to reach the Country top 10 where she tallied seven top 10 singles through 1976's " Come on Over " (No. 23 Pop, No. 5 Country, No. 1 AC) (from the same-titled album) and six consecutive (of
17160-479: The weekend and that a portion of the proceeds would go to breast cancer research. In November 1978, she released her next studio album, Totally Hot , which became her first solo top 10 (No. 7) album since Have You Never Been Mellow . Dressed on the cover all in leather, Newton-John capitalised on her character's look that was introduced at the end of Grease; moreover, Totally Hot 's singles—" A Little More Love " (No. 3 Pop, No. 94 Country, No. 4 AC), " Deeper Than
17303-813: The world's foremost centres for physics. In 1925 Born and Werner Heisenberg formulated the matrix mechanics representation of quantum mechanics. The following year, he formulated the now-standard interpretation of the probability density function for ψ*ψ in the Schrödinger equation , for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1954. His influence extended far beyond his own research. Max Delbrück , Siegfried Flügge , Friedrich Hund , Pascual Jordan , Maria Goeppert-Mayer , Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim , Robert Oppenheimer , and Victor Weisskopf all received their PhD degrees under Born at Göttingen, and his assistants included Enrico Fermi , Werner Heisenberg , Gerhard Herzberg , Friedrich Hund, Wolfgang Pauli , Léon Rosenfeld , Edward Teller , and Eugene Wigner . In January 1933,
17446-554: The years, he had also been nominated for his work on solid state physics, quantum mechanics and other topics. In 1954, he received the prize for "fundamental research in Quantum Mechanics, especially in the statistical interpretation of the wave function" —something that he had worked on alone. In his Nobel lecture he reflected on the philosophical implications of his work: I believe that ideas such as absolute certitude, absolute exactness, final truth, etc. are figments of
17589-478: Was a strip club until they began to perform onstage dressed primly in frilly high-collared dresses.) During this period, she and Carroll contributed backup vocals to recordings by a number of other artists, notably the song "Come In, You'll Get Pneumonia" by the Easybeats . After Carroll's visa expired, Carroll was forced to return to Australia but Newton-John remained in Britain to pursue solo work. Newton-John
17732-470: Was a descendant of Protestant theologian Martin Luther . She was also descended from an unspecified Spanish monarch. Helene Agatha's own father, Newton-John's great-great-grandfather, was jurist Rudolf von Jhering . Newton-John's uncle was pharmacologist Gustav Victor Rudolf Born . Through her Ehrenberg line, Newton-John was a third cousin of comedian Ben Elton . Newton-John's father was an MI5 officer on
17875-449: Was again medically discharged after just six weeks' service. He then returned to Breslau, where he worked under the supervision of Otto Lummer and Ernst Pringsheim , hoping to do his habilitation in physics. A minor accident involving Born's black body experiment, a ruptured cooling water hose, and a flooded laboratory, led to Lummer telling him that he would never become a physicist. In 1905, Albert Einstein published his paper On
18018-541: Was born on 11 December 1882 in Breslau (now Wrocław , Poland), which at the time of Born's birth was part of the Prussian Province of Silesia in the German Empire , to a family of Jewish descent. He was one of two children born to Gustav Born , an anatomist and embryologist , who was a professor of embryology at the University of Breslau , and his wife Margarethe (Gretchen) née Kauffmann, from
18161-447: Was created by an amendment to the constitution of the Order of Australia by special letters patent signed by the Queen, on the recommendation of Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser . In March 2014 the knight and dame levels, which had been abolished in 1986 by Prime Minister Bob Hawke , were reintroduced to the Order of Australia by Tony Abbott . At the same time, Abbott announced that future appointments at this level would be recommended by
18304-555: Was discharged early after an asthma attack in January 1907. He then travelled to England, where he was admitted to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge , and studied physics for six months at the Cavendish Laboratory under J. J. Thomson , George Searle and Joseph Larmor . After Born returned to Germany, the Army re-inducted him, and he served with the elite 1st (Silesian) Life Cuirassiers "Great Elector" until he
18447-418: Was entirely attributable to Born, who also established that all the elements not on the diagonal of the matrix were zero. Born considered that his paper with Jordan contained "the most important principles of quantum mechanics including its extension to electrodynamics ." The paper put Heisenberg's approach on a solid mathematical basis. Born was surprised to discover that Paul Dirac had been thinking along
18590-498: Was established on 14 February 1975 by letters patent of Queen Elizabeth II , acting as Queen of Australia , and on the advice of the newly elected Labor prime minister , Gough Whitlam . The original order had three levels: Companion (AC), Officer (AO) and Member (AM) as well as two divisions: Civil Division and Military Division. Whitlam had previously announced in 1972 (on his third day in office) that his government would no longer nominate persons for British Imperial honours (with
18733-498: Was forbidden from offering her recording services to another label until the five-year pact had run its course. The original covenant was not automatically extended, though she had not duly supplied the total sum of vinyls indicated in the contract. As a result of the lawsuit, record companies changed their contracts to be based on the number of albums recorded by a musician and not a specific number of years. Newton-John began 1980 by releasing " I Can't Help It " (No. 12 Pop, No. 8 AC),
18876-447: Was instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics . He also made contributions to solid-state physics and optics and supervised the work of a number of notable physicists in the 1920s and 1930s. Born was awarded the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for his "fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially in the statistical interpretation of the wave function ". Born entered the University of Göttingen in 1904, where he met
19019-491: Was later married to Newton-John's Grease co-star Jeff Conaway (from 1980 until their divorce in 1985). She also had a half-brother, Toby, and a half-sister, Sarah, both of whom were born of her father's second marriage. In early 1954, when Newton-John was five, her family emigrated to Melbourne , Victoria , on the SS Strathaird . Her father worked as a professor of German and as the master of Ormond College at
19162-461: Was made partly in deference to his wife, and partly due to his desire to assimilate into German society. The marriage produced three children: two daughters, Irene, born in 1914, and Margarethe (Gritli), born in 1915, and a son, Gustav , born in 1921. Through marriage, Born is related to jurists Victor Ehrenberg , his father-in-law, and Rudolf von Jhering , his wife's maternal grandfather, as well as to philosopher and theologian Hans Ehrenberg , and
19305-560: Was nominated for a Golden Globe as Best Actress in a Musical and performed the Oscar-nominated "Hopelessly Devoted to You" at the 1979 Academy Awards . The film's popularity has endured. It was re-released for its 20th anniversary in 1998 and ranked as the second highest-grossing film behind Titanic in its opening weekend. Following her death in August 2022, AMC announced that the picture would reappear in some of its cinemas over
19448-596: Was not interrupted, and Voigt offered to sponsor Born's habilitation thesis. Born subsequently published his talk as an article on "The Theory of the Rigid Electron in the Kinematics of the Principle of Relativity" ( German : Die Theorie des starren Elektrons in der Kinematik des Relativitätsprinzips ), which introduced the concept of Born rigidity . On 23 October Born presented his habilitation lecture on
19591-491: Was now raging. Soon after arriving in Berlin in 1915, he enlisted in an Army signals unit. In October, he joined the Artillerie Prüfungskommission , the Army's Berlin-based artillery research and development organisation, under Rudolf Ladenburg , who had established a special unit dedicated to the new technology of sound ranging . In Berlin, Born formed a lifelong friendship with Einstein, who became
19734-463: Was one of the signatories of the agreement to convene a convention for drafting a world constitution . As a result, for the first time in human history, a World Constituent Assembly convened to draft and adopt a Constitution for the Federation of Earth . Born's wife Hedwig (Hedi) Martha Ehrenberg (1891–1972) was a daughter of the jurist Victor Ehrenberg and Elise von Jhering (a daughter of
19877-895: Was only a temporary one, and his tenure at Göttingen was terminated in May 1935. He therefore accepted an offer from C. V. Raman to go to Bangalore in 1935. Born considered taking a permanent position there, but the Indian Institute of Science did not create an additional chair for him. In November 1935, the Born family had their German citizenship revoked, rendering them stateless . A few weeks later Göttingen cancelled Born's doctorate. Born considered an offer from Pyotr Kapitsa in Moscow, and started taking Russian lessons from Rudolf Peierls 's Russian-born wife Genia. But then Charles Galton Darwin asked Born if he would consider becoming his successor as Tait Professor of Natural Philosophy at
20020-527: Was ordinarius professor of theoretical physics and Director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics—also a prime mover in the development of quantum theory . Born and Sommerfeld collaborated with experimental physicists to test and advance their theories. In 1922, when lecturing in the United States at the University of Wisconsin–Madison , Sommerfeld sent his student Werner Heisenberg to be Born's assistant. Heisenberg returned to Göttingen in 1923, where he completed his habilitation under Born in 1924, and became
20163-416: Was recruited for the group Toomorrow, formed by American producer Don Kirshner . In 1970, the group starred in the science fiction musical Toomorrow and recorded an accompanying soundtrack album on RCA Records ; both the LP and the movie were named after the group. That same year, the group made two single recordings: "You're My Baby Now"/"Goin' Back" and "I Could Never Live Without Your Love"/"Roll Like
20306-500: Was released in November 1973, retitled Music Makes My Day in Britain. The US and Canadian versions featured an alternate track list that mixed new cuts with selections from Olivia and also recycled six songs from If Not for You , which was going out of print. In 1974, Newton-John represented the United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest with the song " Long Live Love ". The song was chosen for Newton-John by
20449-493: Was too old to play a high school senior (she was 28 during the filming of Grease ), Newton-John insisted on a screen test with the film's co-lead, John Travolta . Newton-John previewed some of the film's soundtrack during her second American network television special, Olivia , featuring guests ABBA and Andy Gibb . Grease became the biggest box-office hit of 1978. The soundtrack album spent 12 non-consecutive weeks at No. 1 and yielded three Top 5 singles for Newton-John:
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