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15-655: The town was founded by the Romans in the 1st century, then known as Illoronensium . Situated on the Roman way between the important towns of Dax and Saragossa , its position was strategic. Today known as Saint-Grat, Gratus of Oloron became in 506 the first known archbishop of the Ancient Diocese of Oloron then known as "Iluro". The history of the town during the Migration Period is little known. In 1080,

30-496: Is Oloronais. The town received the label French Towns and Lands of Art and History in November 2006. Oloron's architectural and historical landmarks : [REDACTED] Media related to Oloron-Sainte-Marie at Wikimedia Commons Oloron is home to a number of festivals : Oloron-Sainte-Marie has a theatre and concert venue (espace Pierre Jéliote). The town is renowned for its hearty vegetables, beans and meat soup,

45-611: Is a railway station in Oloron-Sainte-Marie , Nouvelle-Aquitaine , France . The station is on the Pau–Canfranc railway . Since 2016, the station is served by TER (local) services from Pau to Bedous operated by the SNCF . The following services currently call at Oloron-Sainte-Marie: 43°11′39″N 0°36′44″W  /  43.19417°N 0.61222°W  / 43.19417; -0.61222 This article about

60-564: Is known as a spa destination, specialising in mud treatment for rheumatism and similar ailments. Dax is also known for its bullfighting culture, especially during the August ferias , one of the most crowded festival events in France with 800,000 people attending over five days. It is also a market town, former bishopric and busy local centre, especially for the Chalosse area. Dax lies on

75-558: Is quite abundant (above 900 mm per year) and is mostly concentrated during cold season. The Oloron economy is dominated by two well known manufacturing businesses: Oloron is also famous, among hat enthusiasts, as the capital of the basque beret , although the beret business has fallen victim to the widespread collapse of the European textile business as well as changing fashions. Today only one beret business survives in Oloron. This

90-595: Is the Béatex company which employs approximately 80 people. The area also benefits from an active agriculture sector, involving animal rearing and general agriculture as well as maize production. It is also part of the AOC defined districts entitled to produce the ewes' cheese, Ossau-Iraty . The Pau–Canfranc railway passes through Oloron. Oloron railway station is served by TER Aquitaine , which operate eight trains per day to Pau and six to Bedous . Public transport in

105-466: The Barétous Valley . Neighboring communes: Esquiule , Moumour , Ledeuix , Estos , Cardesse , Monein , Goès , Précilhon , Escout , Herrère , Ogeu-les-Bains , Buziet , Arudy , Escot , Asasp-Arros , Lurbe-Saint-Christau , Eysus , Gurmençon , Bidos , Agnos , Ance and Féas . The town has an oceanic climate, with mild and humid winters and cool or moderately warm summers. Rain

120-582: The garbure , for the Ossau-Iraty cheese, and for a delicacy invented by a local baker in 1925, the pastry "le Russe". Oloron-Sainte-Marie was the birthplace of: Dax, Landes Dax ( French pronunciation: [daks] ; Occitan : Dacs ; Basque : Akize ) is a commune in Nouvelle-Aquitaine , southwestern France , sub-prefecture of the Landes department . It

135-786: The Middle Ages, it was administered by viscounts until 1177. From the acquisition of Aquitaine in 1152 by Henry II Plantagenet , later King of England, Dax remained under English rule until 1451, when it was conquered by French troops before the end of the Hundred Years' War . It successfully withstood a Spanish siege in 1521-1522. The US Dax rugby club founded in 1904 is an important historical team, as many other town in south west of France. Many famous French rugby players comes from Dax and its suburbs such as Pierre Albaladejo , Raphaël Ibanez , or Richard Dourthe for example. Oloron-Sainte-Marie station Oloron-Sainte-Marie

150-501: The continued boom of commerce with Spain accelerated the construction of better communication and transportation routes to Oloron and Sainte-Marie. With the French Revolution , Oloron lost its diocese to Bayonne but gained administrative importance by becoming one of the sous-préfectures of the new Republic. In 1858, the regent Impress Eugénie imposed the reunification of the towns of Oloron and Sainte-Marie. Situated at

165-421: The episcopal town of Sainte-Marie were then rivals, but Oloron strove on its textile industry and commerce with neighbouring Spain. Sainte-Marie became economically dependent upon Oloron. The 18th century was the beginning of revival for Sainte-Marie as the end of French Wars of Religion allowed for restorations and new religious constructions in the town : cathedral, seminary, church Saint-Pierre. Moreover,

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180-811: The feet of the Pyrénées , 50 km from the Spanish border and 100 km from the Atlantic ocean, Oloron-Sainte-Marie is at the confluence of two torrents ( gaves ), the Gave d'Aspe and the Gave d'Ossau , that merge to form the Gave d'Oloron . Capital of the Haut- Béarn , Oloron-Sainte-Marie is also at the point of origin of the three Haut-Béarn valleys : the Aspe Valley , the Ossau Valley and

195-468: The river Adour , 30 km (19 mi) from the Atlantic Ocean and 42 km (26 mi) northwest of Bayonne . Dax station has rail connections to Paris, Hendaye, Tarbes, Bordeaux, Bayonne and Pau. It was established by the Romans, and its reputation is supposed to date from a visit by Julia, the daughter of the first Emperor Octavian Augustus . Its Roman name was Civitas Aquensium . In

210-521: The town is provided by a company called La Navette, which operate three bus routes. Oloron - Herrère Aérodrome is an aerodrome five kilometers southeast of Oloron. It is predominantly used for light aviation and leisure. The local vernacular language is the Béarnese dialect , a dialect of Gascon language . One of the eight primary schools of Oloron is a Calandreta , a French/ Béarnese bilingual school. The demonym corresponding to Oloron-Sainte-Marie

225-474: The viscount Centule V, Viscount of Béarn built the new city of "Oloron" (medieval version of the Roman name Iluro) on the opposite side of the river from the diocese center. Centule V restored the Roman walls and founded the strong city of Oloron that was to be used as a base to retake Aragon held by the Moors. The Oloron Cathedral was built at the beginning of the 12th century. The viscountal town of Oloron and

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