Misplaced Pages

#781218

68-460: This initiative was primarily an international (non-political) advocacy and lobby activity directed at companies making digital cameras and those developing software to support those cameras. It also had the aim of raising awareness of the problem among photographers. Its resources included a website with a discussion forum, and many registered supporters, including individuals, companies, and professional organizations. Early in 2005, Juergen Specht and

136-473: A CinemaDNG movie clip, each frame is encoded using the above DNG image format. The clip's image stream can then be stored in one of two formats: either as video essence using frame-based wrapping in an MXF file, or as a sequence of DNG files in a specified file directory. Contrary to its name (Digital Negative) the DNG format doesn't distinguish negative and positive data - all data is considered to be describing

204-417: A raw file , which might be a DNG file, and generating some other type of output from it). DNG conversion is one of the sources of DNG files, the other being direct output from cameras and digital backs . Several software products are able to do DNG conversion. The original such product is Adobe DNG Converter or DNG Converter , a freely-available stand-alone utility from Adobe. Other Adobe products such as

272-422: A "universal" file format. The phrase "(and Adobe has created)" above refers to Adobe's DNG (Digital Negative Format) , launched 7 months before OpenRAW. DNG was designed (among other things) as an archival raw image format and has a published specification. From April 2006, OpenRAW's stance was opposed to DNG and language supporting DNG initiative was removed from "The RAW Problem" article. An article "Notes on

340-410: A camera saves a raw file it defers most of this processing; typically the only processing performed is the removal of defective pixels (the DNG specification requires that defective pixels be removed before creating the file ). Some camera manufacturers do additional processing before saving raw files; for example, Nikon has been criticized by astrophotographers for applying noise reduction before saving

408-537: A common pattern: Many raw file formats, including IIQ ( Phase One ), 3FR ( Hasselblad ), DCR, K25, KDC ( Kodak ), CRW, CR2, CR3 ( Canon ), ERF ( Epson ), MEF ( Mamiya ), MOS ( Leaf ), NEF NRW ( Nikon ), ORF ( Olympus ), PEF ( Pentax ), RW2 ( Panasonic ) and ARW, SRF, SR2 ( Sony ), are based on TIFF , the Tag Image File Format. These files may deviate from the TIFF standard in a number of ways, including

476-482: A few support it only if it is output directly from a camera. The type of support varies considerably. There appear to be very few third-party software products that process raw images but don't support DNG. This may reflect the difficulty of discovering all of those that do not. All versions of the specification remain valid, in the sense that DNG files conforming to old versions should still be read and processed by DNG readers capable of processing later versions. DNG has

544-405: A few that specialize in movie cameras, including Leica , Samsung , Ricoh , Pentax , Hasselblad . In addition, most Canon point & shoot cameras can support DNG by using CHDK , and Better Light can export to DNG. Open-source developers also use DNG. To be viewed or printed, the output from a camera's image sensor has to be processed, that is, converted to a photographic rendering of

612-446: A positive image. While this is not an issue when working with images from digital cameras (which are always positive), working with scanned (by a film scanner or DSLR copy stand ) film negatives saved as raw DNG files is complicated, because the resultant image is not automatically inverted and thus impossible to be used directly. A way to get around this is using an inverted curve in the photo editing application, however this reverses

680-418: A raw image can be developed by software in a non-destructive manner to reach a complete image that resolves every pixel in an RGB color space. Raw development adjustments include color, contrast, brightness and details recovery. A given raw dataset can be developed many times with different adjustments. In contrast, developing an exposed film transforms it irreversibly; thus, development cannot be repeated. If

748-542: A result of the OpenRAW initiative. At OpenRAW's peak there were over 1600 registered individual supporters from across the world, writing in English but sometimes as a second language. Nearly thirty software and hardware companies registered their support, thirty "photographic resources" were supporters, and so were five professional organisations. Its influence was wider than these numbers would indicate. When it conducted

SECTION 10

#1732793848782

816-622: A square image is assumed. Also the channel size and bit-depth per channel has to be provided when opening this format, as the ambiguities of whether the bytes are to be decoded as single channels at high precision, or multiple channels at lower precision, is not determinable from the byte array itself. Due to its simplicity, this format is very open and compatible, though limited by its lack of metadata and run-length encoding . Especially in photography and graphic design, where color management and extended gamuts are important, and large images are common. Digital Negative Digital Negative ( DNG )

884-512: A survey (in English) in 2006, more than 19,200 photographers worldwide responded to it. (From North America, 46%; Europe, 43%; Asia, 5%; Australia, 4%; Africa, 1%; South America, 1%). Twenty photography associations, forums, listservs, and other resources worldwide supported the survey. What these supporters typically have in common was the conviction that people and organizations should reliably be able to access and view their photographs well into

952-579: A variety of specific cameras in Windows Explorer / File Explorer and Windows Live Photo Gallery / Windows Photo Gallery , in Windows Vista and Windows 7 . As of October 2016, Microsoft had not released an updated version since April 2014, which supported some specific cameras by the following manufacturers: Canon, Casio, Epson, Fujifilm, Kodak, Konica Minolta, Leica, Nikon, Olympus, Panasonic, Pentax, Samsung, and Sony. For windows 10 this

1020-466: A version scheme built into it that allows the DNG specification, DNG writers, and DNG readers, to evolve at their own paces. Each version of the specification describes its compatibility with previous versions. DNG is not a standard format, but is based on several open formats or standards and is being used by ISO in its revision of TIFF/EP . A timeline: In 2004, Adobe published a "patent license" for DNG that allows everyone to exploit DNG, on

1088-425: Is an open , lossless raw image format developed by Adobe and used for digital photography . It was launched on September 27, 2004. The launch was accompanied by the first version of the DNG specification, plus various products, including a free-of-charge DNG converter utility. All Adobe photo manipulation software (such as Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Lightroom ) released since the launch supports DNG. DNG

1156-590: Is available, it can be used in high-dynamic-range imaging conversion, as a simpler alternative to the multi-exposure HDI approach of capturing three separate images, one underexposed, one correct and one overexposed, and "overlaying" one on top of the other. Providing a detailed and concise description of the content of raw files is highly problematic. There is no single raw format; formats can be similar or radically different. Different manufacturers use their own proprietary and typically undocumented formats, which are collectively known as raw format. Often they also change

1224-462: Is based on the TIFF/EP standard format , and mandates significant use of metadata . The specification of the file format is open and not subject to any intellectual property restrictions or patents. Adobe states that, given the existence of a wide variety of camera-brand-specific raw image formats , it introduced DNG as a standardized and backward-compatible universal file format. It is based on

1292-495: Is being sought. It is based upon, and compatible with, the ISO standard raw image format ISO 12234-2, TIFF/EP , and is being used by ISO in their revision of that standard. Makers of "niche" cameras who might otherwise have difficulty getting support from software companies frequently use DNG as their native raw image format. Pentax uses DNG as an optional alternative to their own raw image format. There are 15 or more such companies, even

1360-437: Is demosaiced and partially processed. It can be used with HDR, Deep Fusion, or Night mode, which is not possible with Bayer RAW. The data inside remain scene-referred like "true" RAW images. Microsoft supplies the free Windows Camera Codec Pack for Windows XP and later versions of Microsoft Windows, to integrate raw file viewing and printing into some Microsoft Windows tools. The codecs allow native viewing of raw files from

1428-571: Is free of charge. It can be downloaded at Adobe's site (for Windows and macOS ). Use by camera manufacturers varies; there are about 15 camera manufacturers that use DNG, including a few that specialize in movie cameras: Some digital cameras that support DNG: Apple 's iPhones and other iOS devices expose an API for third-party apps such as Halide or Lightroom CC to capture DNG images. The native Camera app processes to JPEG or HEIF by default. The iPhone 12 Pro/Pro Max and subsequent Pro and Pro Max models running iOS 14.3 or later have

SECTION 20

#1732793848782

1496-1123: Is mainly to demonstrate that such products and companies exist, and to show trends. Convertible raw image formats (camera models whose raw images can be converted to DNG) only include official support by Adobe DNG converters; not unofficial support by Adobe products (sometimes reaching about 30), nor support by other DNG converters. During the first 5 years when about 38 camera models were launched that wrote DNG, Adobe software added support for about 21 Canon models, about 20 Nikon models, and about 22 Olympus models. The reaction to DNG has been mixed. A few camera manufacturers stated their intention to use DNG at launch. They first supported DNG about 9 months after launch. Several more niche and minority camera manufacturers added support after this (e.g. Leica ). The largest camera manufacturers have apparently never indicated an intention to use DNG (e.g. Nikon and Canon ). Some software products supported DNG within 5 months of launch, with many more following. Some only support DNG from cameras writing DNG, or from cameras supported via native raw image formats. OpenRAW

1564-418: Is obtained and added. Finally, all of this is written as a DNG file. DNG conversion typically leaves the original raw image file intact. For safety, many photographers retain the original raw image file on one medium while using the DNG file on another, enabling them to recover from a range of hardware, software and human failures and errors. For example, it has been reported in user forums that some versions of

1632-407: Is structured according to TIFF . DNG supports various formats of metadata (including Exif metadata , XMP metadata , IPTC metadata ) and specifies a set of mandated metadata. DNG is both a raw image format and a format that supports "non-raw", or partly processed, images. The latter (non-raw) format is known as "Linear DNG". Linear DNG is still scene-referred and can still benefit from many of

1700-459: The ACR plugin to Photoshop or Lightroom can also generate DNG files from other image files. Most DNG converters are supplied by companies other than Adobe. For example: The process of DNG conversion involves extracting raw image data from the source file and assembling it according to the DNG specification into the required TIFF format. This optionally involves compressing it. Metadata as defined in

1768-547: The G series of compact cameras. To obtain an image from a raw file, this mosaic of data must be converted into standard RGB form. This is often referred to as "raw development". When converting from the four-sensor 2x2 Bayer-matrix raw form into RGB pixels, each pixel only contains partial colour data and so the remaining colour data is interpolated from the surrounding pixels. There are several algorithms used to achieve this. Simple algorithms such as linear interpolation result in colour artifacts and blurring. If raw format data

1836-545: The LX3 , with necessary correction information presumably included in the raw. Phase One 's raw converter Capture One also offers corrections for geometrical distortion, chromatic aberration , purple fringing and keystone correction emulating the shift capability of tilt-shift in software and specially designed hardware, on most raw files from over 100 different cameras. The same holds for Canon's DPP application, at least for all more expensive cameras like all EOS DSLRs and

1904-619: The RGBE filter used in the Sony Cyber-shot DSC-F828 ; rectangular (non-square) pixels, for example as used in the Nikon D1X ; and offset sensors (for example with octagonal pixels) such as Super CCD sensors of various types, as used in various Fujifilm cameras. (Or combinations of these if necessary). DNG specifies metadata describing these individual parameters; this is one significant extension to TIFF/EP . When used in

1972-460: The TIFF 6.0 standard. Various professional archivists and conservationists, working in institutional settings have adopted DNG for archival purposes. The objectives of the DNG file format are: A DNG file always contains data for one main image, plus metadata, and optionally contains at least one JPEG preview. It normally has the extension "dng" or "DNG". DNG conforms to TIFF/EP and

2040-823: The image sensor of either a digital camera , a motion picture film scanner , or other image scanner . Raw files are so named because they are not yet processed, and contain large amounts of potentially redundant data. Normally, the image is processed by a raw converter, in a wide- gamut internal color space where precise adjustments can be made before conversion to a viewable file format such as JPEG or PNG for storage, printing, or further manipulation. There are dozens of raw formats in use by different manufacturers of digital image capture equipment. Raw image files are sometimes incorrectly described as "digital negatives ". Like transparency film and unlike negative film, raw image pixels contain positive exposure measurements. The raw datasets are more like undeveloped film :

2108-778: The "Act Now" call for action: in China (in English); in French; different versions in Spanish; in Danish; and in Italian. The problem identified by the sources identified above can be summarized as: "there is an ever increasing number of undocumented raw file formats". The final paragraph in "The RAW Flaw" on The Luminous Landscape website is: And it summarizes the solution as: From April 2005, OpenRAW continued to pursue its goal of open documentation of proprietary formats rather than creation of

OpenRAW - Misplaced Pages Continue

2176-540: The 32-bit versions of Microsoft Windows. Commercial DNG WIC codecs are also available from Ardfry Imaging, and others; and FastPictureViewer Professional installs a set of WIC-enabled image decoders. Android Lollipop 5.0, introduced in late 2014, can allow smartphones to take 10-bit and 16-bit raw images, useful in low-light situations. 12-bit RAW was introduced in API Level 23 (Android 6.0). In addition to those listed under operating system support, above,

2244-621: The Adobe DNG Converter don't preserve all the raw data from raw images from some camera models. This section summarizes other more comprehensive lists. All raw image file handling products from Adobe now support DNG. Adobe DNG Converter was utility software published by Adobe Systems on September 27, 2004. It converts different camera raw format files into the Digital Negative (DNG) standard. It also supports lossless data compression when converting. The program

2312-617: The Bayer filter is the RGBE filter of the Sony Cyber-shot DSC-F828 , which exchanged the green in the RG rows with " emerald " (a blue-green or cyan color). Other sensors, such as the Foveon X3 sensor , capture information directly in RGB form (using three pixel sensors in each location). This RGB raw data still needs to be processed to make an image file, because the raw RGB values correspond to

2380-400: The DNG specification is also put into that TIFF assembly. Some of this metadata is based on the characteristics of the camera, and especially of its sensor. Other metadata may be image-dependent or camera-setting dependent. A DNG converter must therefore have knowledge of the camera model concerned, and be able to process the source raw image file including key metadata. Optionally a JPEG preview

2448-599: The Windows Imaging Component (WIC) codec standard. WIC was available as a stand-alone downloadable program for Windows XP Service Pack 2, and built into Windows XP Service Pack 3 , Windows Vista , and later versions. Windows Explorer / File Explorer, and Windows Live Photo Gallery / Windows Photo Gallery can view raw formats for which the necessary WIC codecs are installed. Canon, Nikon, Sony, Olympus and Pentax have released WIC codecs for their cameras, although some manufactures only provide codec support for

2516-399: The adoption by the camera industry of A: Public documentation of RAW formats; past, present and future, or, more likely B: Adoption of a universal RAW format". "Planning for [US] Library of Congress Collections" identifies generic raw-file formats as "less desirable file formats", and identifies DNG as a suggested alternative. DNG is the only raw image format for which industry-wide buy-in

2584-428: The camera manufacturers. Not only does this require extra software development by many companies after the launch of most new camera models, but there is a major risk that future software products will not be able to render photographs from decades earlier. As the seriousness of the issue was quickly realized, this team founded an initiative called OpenRAW, with the goal of encouraging image preservation and ensuring that

2652-486: The commercial software described below support raw formats. The following products were launched as raw processing software to process a wide range of raw files, and have this as their main purpose: Less commonly, raw may also refer to a generic image file format containing only pixel color values. For example, "Photoshop Raw" files (.raw) contain a pure array of bytes top-to-bottom, left-to-right pixel order. Dimensions must be input manually when such files are re-opened, or

2720-563: The condition that the licensee prominently displays text saying it is licensed from Adobe in source and documentation, and that the license may be revoked if the licensee brings any patent action against Adobe or its affiliates related to the reading or writing of files that comply with the DNG Specification. The license does not name any patent linked to DNG, however. In 2009, Adobe states that there are no known intellectual property encumbrances or license requirements for CinemaDNG,

2788-521: The creators of the images retained the choice of how their images are processed. OpenRAW was launched worldwide via a press release on 25 April 2005. There were positive reactions worldwide: for example at DPReview ; many others in English; some in German; and in Japanese. The OpenRAW initiative identified the seriousness of this problem, articulated it in a way that photographers understood, summarized

OpenRAW - Misplaced Pages Continue

2856-564: The discussion about raw files applies to them as well. Some scanners do not allow the host system access to the raw data at all, as a speed compromise. The raw data are processed very rapidly inside the scanner to select out the best part of the available dynamic range so only the result is passed to the computer for permanent storage, reducing the amount of data transferred and therefore the bandwidth requirement for any given speed of image throughput. Panasonic's raw converter corrects geometric distortion and chromatic aberration on such cameras as

2924-468: The effect of the image controls ( Exposure , Shadow and Highlight details, etc.) which complicates the photo editing. This provides a mixture of the dates of significant events (such as "the first X") and various counts of usage at the anniversaries of the launch (each 27 September). Counts of products and companies that use DNG in some way are provided primarily for illustration. They are approximate, and include products that are no longer sold. The purpose

2992-405: The expected final image: sensors with hexagonal element displacement, for example, record information for each of their hexagonally-displaced cells, which a decoding software will eventually transform into the rectangular geometry during "digital developing". Raw files contain the information required to produce a viewable image from the camera's sensor data. The structure of raw files often follows

3060-488: The film is negative, the printing process must invert the image to a positive result. Like undeveloped photographic film, a raw digital image may have a wider dynamic range or color gamut than the developed film or print. Unlike physical film after development, the Raw file preserves the information captured at the time of exposure. The purpose of raw image formats is to save, with minimum loss of information, data obtained from

3128-735: The format from one camera model to the next. Several major camera manufacturers, including Nikon, Canon and Sony, encrypt portions of the file in an attempt to prevent third-party tools from accessing them. This industry-wide situation of inconsistent formatting has concerned many photographers who worry that their valuable raw photos may someday become inaccessible, as computer operating systems and software programs become obsolete and abandoned raw formats are dropped from new software. The availability of high-quality open source software which decodes raw image formats, particularly dcraw , has helped to alleviate these concerns. An essay by Michael Reichmann and Juergen Specht stated "here are two solutions –

3196-537: The future of Open RAW formats, and a look at DNG" said "DNG is not the answer". Opposition was present in the forum. In an interview, a founder of OpenRAW said "No, DNG is unfortunately not a solution." Rather than advocating for the creation of an open file format (such as DNG), OpenRAW was seeking specifications for the various proprietary file formats. This stance continued as DNG became better established while camera makers showed no signs of publishing documentation for their raw file formats. The OpenRAW Mailing List

3264-426: The future, and that this requires open documentation of the formats of the files used. While popular image file formats such as JPEG are openly documented, most raw image formats , often used by professional and experienced amateur photographers, are not. The OpenRAW website, especially the non-forum parts identified above, represent views of many companies and organizations other than camera makers. The results of

3332-429: The language of archivists. The OpenRAW initiative raised awareness, or crystallized vague awareness, of these problems with many photographers and organizations worldwide. Camera manufacturers were made aware of the disquiet about their policies. One of them, Sony , responded with a letter held on the OpenRAW website, while others didn't respond when asked. There is no evidence that any of them changed their policies as

3400-637: The majority of macOS applications both from Apple (such as Preview, macOS's PDF and image viewing application, and Aperture , a photo post-production software package for professionals) as well as all third party applications which make use of the ImageIO frameworks. Semi-regular updates to macOS generally include updated support for new raw formats introduced in the intervening months by camera manufacturers. In 2016, Apple announced that iOS 10 would allow capturing raw images on selected hardware, and third party applications will be able to edit raw images through

3468-437: The members of his mailing list D1scussion began to identify concerns about the difficulties associated with the proprietary RAW files introduced by camera makers. The background to these concerns, described at Raw image format (Drawbacks) , Digital Negative (Objectives) , and dcraw (Motivation) , is that the photographs from top-end digital cameras are often contained within files whose specifications are formally known only to

SECTION 50

#1732793848782

3536-399: The operating system's Core Image framework. In 2020, Apple released the iPhone 12 Pro and iPhone 12 Pro Max . Both of these devices support Apple ProRAW (as of iOS 16.0.3) output and viewing. The later Pro and Pro Max models also provide ProRAW output. Two raw options are in fact available for capture: a traditional "Bayer RAW" and Apple's "ProRAW" both in 12-bit DNG. The ProRAW option

3604-570: The operations typically performed by a raw converter, such as white balance, the application of a camera color profile, HDR compositing, etc. All images that can be supported as raw images can also be supported as Linear DNG. Images from the Foveon X3 sensor or similar, hence especially Sigma cameras, can only be supported as Linear DNG. DNG can contain raw image data from sensors with various configurations of color filter array (CFA) . These include: conventional Bayer filters , using three colors and rectangular pixels; four-color CFAs, for example

3672-616: The option to shoot pictures in DNG natively through ProRaw. Some of the Canon cameras can shoot as DNG using additional free software CHDK . The built-in camera function in the Adobe Lightroom Mobile app saves to DNG format. DJI supports DNG in its middle to high-end drones. Support by software suppliers varies; there are of the order of 200 software products that use DNG. The majority of raw handling software products support DNG. Most provide generic support, while

3740-570: The photographer before taking the picture. Cameras that produce raw files save these settings in the file, but defer the processing. This results in an extra step for the photographer, so raw is normally only used when additional computer processing is intended. However, raw has numerous advantages over JPEG such as: Cameras that support raw files typically come with proprietary software for conversion of their raw image data into standard RGB images. Other processing and conversion programs and plugins are available from vendors that have either licensed

3808-457: The problems identified by OpenRAW. A variety of DNG converters enables the undocumented proprietary formats used by the larger camera makers to be manually converted to DNG. Increasingly, professional archivists and conservationists, working for respectable organizations, variously suggest or recommend DNG for archival purposes. Raw image format#Drawbacks A camera raw image file contains unprocessed or minimally processed data from

3876-440: The raw file plays the role that photographic film plays in film photography . Raw files thus contain the full dynamic range (typically 12- or 14-bit) data as read out from each of the camera's image sensor pixels . The camera's sensor is almost invariably overlaid with a color filter array (CFA), usually a Bayer filter , consisting of a mosaic of a 2x2 matrix of red, green, blue and (second) green filters. One variation on

3944-542: The raw file. Some raw formats also allow nonlinear quantization . This nonlinearity allows the compression of the raw data without visible degradation of the image by removing invisible and irrelevant information from the image. Although noise is discarded this has nothing to do with (visible) noise reduction. Nearly all digital cameras can process the image from the sensor into a JPEG file using settings for white balance , color saturation , contrast , and sharpness that are either selected automatically or entered by

4012-505: The responses of the sensors, not to a standard color space like sRGB . As there is no color filter array, there is no need for demosaicing . Flatbed and film scanner sensors are typically straight narrow RGB or RGBI (where "I" stands for the additional infrared channel for automatic dust removal) strips that are swept across an image. The HDRi raw data format is able to store the infrared raw data, which can be used for infrared cleaning , as an additional 16-bit channel. The remainder of

4080-443: The scene, and then stored in a standard raster graphics format such as JPEG . This processing, whether done in-camera or later in a raw-file converter, involves a number of operations, typically including: Demosaicing is only performed for CFA sensors; it is not required for 3CCD or Foveon X3 sensors. Cameras and image processing software may also perform additional processing to improve image quality, for example: When

4148-413: The sensor. Raw image formats are intended to capture the radiometric characteristics of the scene, that is, physical information about the light intensity and color of the scene, at the best of the camera sensor's performance. Most raw image file formats store information sensed according to the geometry of the sensor's individual photo-receptive elements (sometimes called pixels ) rather than points in

SECTION 60

#1732793848782

4216-453: The solution with their "motto", and created a (non-commercial) global brand ("OpenRAW") which encapsulated all of these. The team were not the first to understand these problems, and didn't claim to be. They were primarily photographers, (rather than companies with commercial interests in cameras or image processing products, or archivists), with the advantage that they spoke to other photographers in their own language, rather than, for example,

4284-532: The survey continue to be available as a resource, but must be read with caution because it was conducted in 2006. Another resource, often cited on the web and still pertinent, is an article "The RAW Flaw", jointly authored by Michael Reichmann (of The Luminous Landscape) and Juergen Specht (leader of the founding group of OpenRAW), and published on each website. Permission is given for the text to be copied and republished, with translation if desired, and there are examples in various countries and languages, especially of

4352-402: The technology from the camera manufacturer or reverse-engineered the particular raw format and provided their own processing algorithms. In January 2005, Apple released iPhoto 5, which offered basic support for viewing and editing many raw file formats. In April 2005, Apple's OS X 10.4 brought raw support to the operating system's ImageIO framework, enabling raw support automatically in

4420-482: The use of a non-standard file header, the inclusion of additional image tags and the encryption of some of the tag data. DNG , the Adobe digital negative format, is an extension of the TIFF 6.0 format and is compatible with TIFF/EP , and uses various open formats and/or standards , including Exif metadata , XMP metadata , IPTC metadata , CIE XYZ coordinates , ICC profiles , and JPEG . In digital photography ,

4488-405: Was an advocacy and lobby group with the motto "Digital Image Preservation Through Open Documentation". They became opposed to DNG . Some photographic competitions do not accept converted files, and some do not accept DNG. "DNG conversion" refers to the process of generating a DNG file from a non-DNG image. (This is in contrast to "raw conversion", which typically refers to reading and processing

4556-638: Was closed to new members in April 2006. The OpenRAW website became inactive in August 2009, but the last post was a year earlier. By May 2011 a new home page summarized the history of OpenRAW, saying: Niche and some smaller camera makers use DNG as a raw image format , and so conform to OpenRAW's requirement by using an openly documented non-proprietary format. The larger camera makers, such as Canon , Nikon , Olympus , and Sony , continue to use raw image formats that are not openly documented, and so still cause

4624-450: Was essentially replaced in 2019 by Microsoft Raw Image Extension. Microsoft as of 2019 supplies the free Raw Image Extension for Windows 10 and later versions of Microsoft Windows, to integrate raw file viewing and printing into some Microsoft Windows tools. The Extension allows native viewing of raw files from many mid- to high-end digital cameras in Windows Explorer / File Explorer and Microsoft Photos . Microsoft Windows supports

#781218