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46-624: The Orthodox Ohrid Archbishopric has been refused registration by the State Religion Commission of North Macedonia on the grounds that one group may be registered for each confession and that the name was not sufficiently distinct from that of the MOC. The Archbishopric claimed inheritance from the Ohrid Archbishopric of Justiniana prima and all Bulgaria , established in 1019 by Byzantine Emperor Basil II by lowering

92-615: A court order, from his residence and cathedra in Veles on 7 July 2002. In the same manner, illegally and without a court order, the monks of four monasteries, were expelled from their monasteries, i.e. homes, in January 2004, immediately after joining the Orthodox Ohrid Archbishopric. A fifth monastery, Saint John Chrysostom in the village Nižepole near Bitola , was broken into by armed and masked men, who not finding

138-663: A hundred years. Towards the beginning of the 16th century, the Ohrid Archbishopric expanded its jurisdiction even over territories in Southern Italy , as well as in Dalmatia . The flock of this diocese was made of Greeks and Albanians. Towards the middle of the 16th century, the Ohrid Archbishopric lost the Diocese of Veroia , however, at the beginning of the 17th century, it gained the Diocese of Durazzo from

184-571: A recently developed trend that claimed for the see the succession and prerogatives of the short-lived Archbishopric of Justiniana Prima (535 – c.  610 ), founded by Justinian I . This title apparently fell into disuse by John's immediate successors, possibly due to pressure from the Patriarchate of Constantinople , but in the early 13th century it was revived by the ambitious Demetrios Chomatenos (1216–1236) to support his claims of quasi-patriarchal status in his clash over authority with

230-560: A short time, the Synod of the MOC rejected the agreement. The Serbian Patriarch Pavle then summoned all bishops, clergy, monastics and faithful people to enter in liturgical and canonical unity with the Serbian Orthodox Church. Jovan Vraniškovski , Metropolitan of Veles and Povardarie , and all priests of Veles agreed to respond to this call, and all signed a document of agreement. On 23 September 2002, Metr. Jovan

276-583: A specific religious community Macedonian Orthodox Church, through the Parliament’s "Declaration for support of the autocephaly of the MOC" reached on 23 January 2004. The Orthodox Ohrid Archbishopric is denied registration by the state authorities. On May 15th, 2022 at the first session of the annual meeting of the Holy Council of Bishops of the Serbian Orthodox Church , an Encyclical on the Occasion of

322-470: A speech, expressing the support of OOA to the restoration of ecclesiastical unity. On May 24, during the visit of Serbian Patriarch Porphyry to Skopje, the decision of SOC to recognize autocephaly of MOC was announced, and concelebration was held by hierarchs of MOC and SOC, including hierarchs of OOC. On that occasion, Patriarch emphasized in his speech that the Holy Council of Bishops (SOC) had set

368-406: A task for the Synod to resolve all remaining technical and organizational issues. Some of the most important organizational issues were related to the future status of OOA, but no concrete decisions on possible organizational unification of OOA and MOC were announced. Due to those circumstances, OOA hierarchy did not attend the publication of the patriarchal tomos on the autocephaly of MOC, which

414-567: A threat to religious freedoms. In May 2023, upon the decision of the Holy Assembly of Bishops of SOC, the process of integration of OOA with MOC was initiated, and OOA bishops were given canonical permission to join the jurisdiction of MOC. Further steps towards integration were made on June 20 by the Synod of MOC, initiating the creation of new dioceses for OOA hierarchs. In attempt to restore its canonical status and gain recognition from

460-674: Is the most common term of reference for the see because for the duration of its existence; from 1020 to 1767, its seat was in the city of Ohrid . Shortly after 934, the Byzantine emperor Romanos I Lekapenos recognized the head of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church , Archbishop Damian, to the rank of patriarch , following the terms of the peace treaty that ended the Byzantine–Bulgarian war of 913–927 . In 971, Emperor John I Tzimiskes dismissed Damian after annexing

506-603: The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople . Since then and until its abolishment in 1767, the Archbishopric neither lost nor gained a diocese under its jurisdiction. The autocephaly of the Ohrid Archbishopric remained respected during the periods of Byzantine, Bulgarian, Serbian and Ottoman rule; the church continued to exist until its abolition in 1767, when it was abolished by the Sultan's decree, at

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552-735: The 13th and the first half of the 14th centuries, the territory of the Archbishopric was contested by the Byzantine Empire, the Latin Empire , the Despotate of Epirus , the Second Bulgarian Empire and later Serbia . After the fall of Constantinople to the Latins in 1204 and with the foundation of the new states on the territory under the jurisdiction of the Ohrid Archbishopric, autonomous churches were founded in

598-488: The 1520s, the Archbishopric of Ohrid had managed to put practically the entire Serbian Church under its jurisdiction, however, by the intervention of Sokollu Mehmed Pasha in 1557, the latter was renewed and reorganized. During the 15th century, dioceses from the other side of the Danube , from the duchies of Wallachia and Moldova , fell under the jurisdiction of the Archbishopric. Nevertheless, this did not last for more than

644-627: The Archbishop Jovan they were after, harassed and threatened the nuns with machine-guns, cut their hair and set the monastery on fire, in February 2004. Orthodox Ohrid Archbishopric buildings were raided by the police. The Church in the Saint John Chrysostom monastery was demolished by the state authorities on 15 October 2004. The chapel St. Nectarios of Aegina , after being broken into and vandalized on several occasions,

690-456: The Byzantine empire in 1282–1283, cities of Skopje and Debar were annexed and local eparchies transferred to the jurisdiction of Serbian Archbishopric of Peć . Serbian expansion reached its apogee at the time of king and tsar Stefan Dušan (1331–1355). Dušan had conquered Ohrid around 1334. Under Serbian rule the Archbishopric of Ohrid kept its autonomy. On 16 April 1346 ( Easter ), at

736-899: The Centennial Celebration of the Re-establishment of the Serbian Patriarchate was adopted and signed by all bishops of SOC, including all four bishops of OOA. At the second session, held on May 16, the Council decided to resolve various disputes with the Macedonian Orthodox Church , thus healing the long-standing schism. On May 19, a historical concelebration was held in Belgrade, by bishops of MOC and SOC, including bishops of OOA. On that occasion, archbishop Jovan (head of OOA) held

782-843: The Eastern Orthodox churches, the Macedonian Orthodox Church negotiated with the Serbian Orthodox Church , and these negotiations led to an eventual agreement signed in Niš in June 2002, thus known as the Niš Agreement . The agreement was signed by all bishops of both delegations. However, the bishops of the delegations of the Macedonian Orthodox Church were exposed to severe criticism for signing this agreement, and although they attempted to defend it for

828-724: The Holy Synod of Hierarchs of the Orthodox Ohrid Archbishopric, consisting of him and 3 more bishops. The Holy Synod of bishops was constituted on 23 December 2003 in the monastery of Saint John Chrysostom. Members of the synod were: Archbishopric of Ohrid The Archbishopric of Ohrid , also known as the Bulgarian Archbishopric of Ohrid ( Bulgarian : Българска Охридска архиепископия ; Macedonian : Охридска архиепископија ), originally called Archbishopric of Justiniana Prima and all Bulgaria ( Greek : ἀρχιεπίσκοπὴ τῆς Πρώτης Ἰουστινιανῆς καὶ πάσης Βουλγαρίας ),

874-437: The Ohrid Archbishopric, mostly because of their tolerance for monotheistic religions, and left the people to govern themselves regarding religion. When the last medieval Serbian Patriarch died in 1463, there were no technical options to elect a new one, so the Ohrid Archbishopric had laid its claim over many of the Serbian Patriarchate's eparchies on the basis of its old 1019 territorial rights, predating Serbian autocephaly. By

920-598: The Patriarchate of Constantinople abolished the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć in the same manner, and its dioceses adjoined to the Patriarchate of Constantinople. The Greek language quite early replaced Old Church Slavonic as the official language of the Archbishopric. All documents and even hagiographies of saints, for example the hagiography of Clement of Ohrid , were written in Greek. Despite this,

966-812: The Serbian Orthodox Church Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches de jure : Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches: Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church: Semi-Autonomous: The Council of Bishops of the Serbian Orthodox Church , also known in English as the Holy Assembly of Bishops of the Serbian Orthodox Church ( Serbian : Свети архијерејски сабор Српске православне цркве , romanized :  Sveti arhijerejski sabor Srpske pravoslavne crkve ) serves by Church constitution as

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1012-622: The Serbian capital city of Skopje , a joined state and church assembly ( Sabor ) was held, attended by Serbian Archbishop Joanikije II , the Archbishop Nicholas I of Ohrid , the Patriarch Simeon of Bulgaria and other hierarchs and dignitaries, including monastic leaders of Mount Athos . The assembly proclaimed the raising of the autocephalous Serbian Archbishopric to the rank of Patriarchate. The Archbishopric of Ohrid

1058-579: The Slavonic liturgy was preserved on the lower levels of the Church for several centuries. The Archbishopric of Ohrid was an autocephalous church , with full internal ecclesiastical self-governance. Only after the Ottoman conquest, as part of the millet system, did it come under the supreme ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople . At the time of its establishment,

1104-523: The Supreme court declared the last two of the three points to be unconstitutional and his sentence was shortened to 8 months. Archbishop Jovan was sentenced for the second time, on charges for Embezzlement , and as a second defendant was sentenced to a higher prison term of 2 years than the first defendant (who was sentenced 1 year and 3 months) in 2006. He served 256 days before being released. The declaratively secular state legalized its identification with

1150-641: The Vreanoti (Vranje), called also "bishopric of the Vlachs". De facto independent Bulgarian states from the Second Empire First Bulgarian Empire Second Bulgarian Empire [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] First Bulgarian Empire Second Bulgarian Empire Prominent writers and scholars: Famous examples: Holy Council of Bishops of

1196-960: The archbishopric comprised 32 suffragan sees . However, over the following decades many of the bishoprics removed from other jurisdictions and accorded to Ohrid by Basil II were returned to their original metropolises. Despite the creation of new bishoprics from existing ones, by the middle of the 12th century the number of suffragans—apart from Ohrid itself—had decreased to 23 (modern names in parentheses): Kastoria , Skopia (Skopje) , Belebousdion ( Velbazhd ), Sardike or Triaditza ( Sofia ), Malesobe or Morobisdion (unlocated), Edessa or Moglena , Herakleia (Bitola) or Pelagonia , Prisdiana, Tiberioupolis or Stroummitza (Strumica) , Nisos , Kephalonia or Glabinitze, Morabos or Branichevo, Sigida or Belegrada (Belgrade) , Bidine (Vidin), Sirmion (Sremska Mitrovica), Lipenion, Rhasos (Ras) , Selasphoros or Diabolis (Devol) , Slanitza or Pella , Illyrikon or Kanina , Grebenon (Grevena) , Drastar (Silistra) , Deure (Debar) , and

1242-446: The archbishopric was completely independent in any other aspect, its primate was selected by the emperor from a list of three candidates submitted by the local church synod . In three sigillia issued in 1020 Basil II gave extensive privileges to the new see. Although the first appointed archbishop ( John of Debar ) was a Bulgarian from Kutmichevitsa , his successors, as well as the whole higher clergy, were invariably Byzantine,

1288-558: The capital city of Great Preslav and parts of northeast Bulgaria , but the Bulgarian patriarchate was probably restored under Tsar Samuel of Bulgaria . During his rule, the residence of the Bulgarian patriarchs remained closely connected to the developments in the war between Samuel and the Byzantine emperor Basil II . Thus, the next Patriarch German resided consecutively in Moglena (Almopia) , Vodena (Edessa) and Prespa . Around 990,

1334-591: The jurisdiction of the Tarnovo Archbishopric but nevertheless managed to expel the Greek bishops and install Bulgarians instead. The next Bulgarian rulers were constantly trying to reunite the Ohrid Archbishopric with the Tarnovo Archbishopric. The Latin conquests, the restoring of the Bulgarian Empire and the formation of an independent Serbian state reduced the jurisdiction of the Ohrid Archbishopric immensely, but it did not disappear. During

1380-402: The last patriarch, Philip, moved to Ohrid . Following his final subjugation of the Bulgarian state in 1018, Basil II , to underscore the Byzantine victory, established the Archbishopric of Ohrid by downgrading the Bulgarian patriarchate to the rank of the archbishopric. The now archbishopric remained an autocephalous church, separate from the Patriarchate of Constantinople . However, while

1426-480: The most famous of them being Saint Theophylact (1078–1107). The Archbishops were chosen from among the monks in Constantinople. Adrianos Komnenos, under his monastic name of John (IV) (1143–1160), was the cousin of Emperor John II Komnenos and was the first Archbishop who held the title of Archbishop of Justiniana Prima. The later archbishop John V Kamateros (1183–1216) was a former imperial clerk. In

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1472-544: The patriarchs of Constantinople in exile at the Empire of Nicaea . The designation finally became accepted by Constantinople and the Byzantine imperial chancery after 1261, and a fixed part of the archbishops' titulature; in the fullest form, the see was hence known as the Archbishopric of Justiniana Prima, Ohrid and all Bulgaria ( ἀρχιεπίσκοπὴ Πρώτης Ἰουστινιανῆς Ἀχριδῶν καὶ πάσης Βουλγαρίας ). Archbishopric of Ohrid

1518-579: The same day, there was an announcement of the Patriarchal and the Assembly's tomos for autonomy of the Ohrid Archbishopric, with Archbishop Jovan as the Chairman of the Holy Synod of Bishops. Upon entering in the canonical and ecclesiastical unity with the Serbian Orthodox Church, and through that with the whole community of Orthodox Churches , Archbishop Jovan was expelled by the police, without

1564-460: The session of the Holy Assembly of Bishops of SOC in May 2023, the process of integration of POA with MOC was initiated. Its bishops were given dispensation from the jurisdiction of SOC and were directed to join the MOC jurisdiction. Dioceses on the territory of North Macedonia were: During its existence, the Orthodox Ohrid Archbishopric was headed by Archbishop Jovan VI of Ohrid. He presided over

1610-464: The states which did not accept the jurisdiction either of Constantinople or of Ohrid. After 1204, the Empire of Nicaea claimed the Byzantine imperial heritage and provided refuge to the exiled patriarchs of Constantinople. In the restored Second Bulgarian Empire , a new Archbishopric was founded with its see in Tarnovo. Tsar Kaloyan (1197–1207) did not succeed in putting the Ohrid Archbishopric under

1656-543: The status of the autocephalous Bulgarian Patriarchate and abolished in 1767 by the Ottomans. The Bulgarian Orthodox Church also claims inheritance from the Ohrid Archbishopric of Justiniana prima and all Bulgaria . Numerous international organizations have criticized the authorities of North Macedonia for their moves towards the Orthodox Ohrid Archbishopric and Archbishop Jovan VI , raising the possibility of

1702-449: The supreme body of the Serbian Orthodox Church . It is the supreme organ of the legislative authority of the Church in matters of faith, worship, church order or church discipline, and the internal organization of the Church. It is also the highest judicial authority in its jurisdiction. It is convened annually in May. In case of emergency, it can also be summoned at any other time. The Bishops' Council consists of all diocesan bishops and

1748-490: The time of Archbishop Demetrios Chomatenos , the autocephaly of the Archbishopric was confirmed with the act of anointing the despot of Epirus, Theodore Komnenos Doukas , as Emperor and in correspondence with the Patriarch. The southward expansion of the Serbian state in the second half of the 13th century was also followed by changes in ecclesiastical jurisdiction of some sees. After the successful Serbian campaigns against

1794-558: The transition and was legalized by new Ottoman authorities. Not long after the fall of the Bulgarian Patriarchate in 1394, some of the bishoprics under its jurisdiction also entered the Ohrid Archbishopric. Thus, at the beginning of the 15th century, the Archbishop of Ohrid, attached the dioceses of Sofia and Vidin to the Archbishopric. In 1408, Ohrid came under Ottoman rule. Still, the Ottomans did not reach after

1840-480: The urging of the Greek Eastern Orthodox leaders of Istanbul, and was placed under the jurisdiction of the Patriarch of Constantinople. The division into phanariotes and autochthonists which occurred among the diocesan bishops of the Ohrid Archbishopric and, the difficult financial position of the Ohrid Archbishopric over a longer period of time, contributed to its abolishment. Just a year before,

1886-475: Was an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church established following the Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria in 1018 by lowering the rank of the autocephalous Bulgarian Patriarchate due to its subjugation to the Byzantines. In 1767, the Archbishopric's autocephaly was abolished, and the Archbishopric was placed under the tutelage of the Patriarchate of Constantinople . The initial title of the archbishopric

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1932-593: Was appointed Exarch of all the territories of the Ohrid Archdiocese by the Assembly of the Serbian Orthodox Church. On 25 December 2003, he was elected Chairman of the Holy Synod of Bishops of the Orthodox Ohrid Archbishopric, after it had been constituted. On 24 May 2005, he was confirmed by Serbian Patriarch as Archbishop of Ohrid and Metropolitan of Skopje in accordance with the Niš Agreement. On

1978-445: Was at the end completely demolished on 12 July 2005. The priest who served at that chapel, Fr. Borjan Vitanov, was beaten up twice. Additional complaints of harassment have been reported. Archbishop Jovan was sentenced to 18 months of prison in June 2005 for "[i]nstigation of ethnic, racial and religious hatred, discord and intolerance". The verdict stated the conviction relied on these three points: He served 220 days in prison before

2024-516: Was handed over in Belgrade, on June 5. On June 19, patriarch's envoy Jovan (Ćulibrk) , Bishop of Pakrac and Slavonia, met in Skopje with hierarchs of OOA on the occasion of the fifteenth anniversary of episcopal service of Bishop David (Ninov) of Stobi, but in spite of that, OOA hierarchy did not participate in any event organized by MOC on the occasion of the visit of Serbian Patriarch to North Macedonia, which took place on June 20 and 21st. During

2070-578: Was not annexed to the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć and kept its autonomy, recognizing only the honorary seniority of the Serbian Patriarch. After the Battle of Maritsa in 1371, and Battle of Kosovo in 1389, much of the territory of the Archbishopric of Ohrid was affected by the expansion of Ottoman Turks , who conquered Skopje in 1392 and annexed all southern regions after the death of Prince Marko in 1395. The archbishopric managed to survive

2116-421: Was simply Bulgaria ( Greek : Βουλγαρία ), but under the famous archbishop Theophylact Hephaistos (1078–1107) it was expanded to All Bulgaria ("Whole Bulgaria") ( πᾶσα Βουλγαρία ). John IV (1139/42–1163/64), the cousin of Emperor John II Komnenos , was the first to use the title Archbishop of Justiniana Prima and All Bulgaria ( ἀρχιεπίσκοπος Πρώτης Ἰουστινιανῆς καὶ πάσης Βουλγαρίας ) in 1157, reflecting

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