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43-854: The building of the Orangery began with a plan for a high street or triumph street. It was to begin at the triumph arch, east of Sanssouci Park , and end at the Belvedere on the Klausberg . The difference in elevation was to be balanced with viaducts . With reference to the north side of the Picture Gallery and the New Chambers from the time of Frederick the Great , Frederick William IV sketched out more new buildings, which would decorate his two kilometer long Via Triumphalis . Because of

86-500: A double-flowering one. Alice Coats suggests that this was the very same double that the diarist and gardener John Evelyn noted "was first discovered by the incomparable Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc , which a mule had cropt from a wild shrub." In the late 17th and early 18th centuries, myrtles in cases, pots and tubs were brought out to summer in the garden and wintered with other tender greens in an orangery . Fairchild, The City Gardener (1722) notes their temporary use, rented from

129-574: A long hot summer to produce its flowers, and protection from winter frosts. The species and the subspecies M. communis subsp. tarentina have gained the Royal Horticultural Society 's Award of Garden Merit . Myrtus communis is used in the islands of Sardinia and Corsica to produce an aromatic liqueur called Mirto by macerating it in alcohol. Mirto is one of the most typical drinks of Sardinia and comes in two varieties: mirto rosso (red) produced by macerating

172-548: A nurseryman annually to fill an empty fireplace in the warm months. With the influx to England of more dramatic tender plants and shrubs from Japan or Peru in the 19th century, it was more difficult to find room for the common myrtle of borderline hardiness. Many other related plants native to South America , New Zealand and elsewhere, previously classified in a wider interpretation of the genus Myrtus , are now species within other genera, including: Eugenia , Lophomyrtus , Luma , Rhodomyrtus , Syzygium , Ugni , and at least

215-512: A star pattern between tall hedges to further parts of the gardens. In his organisation of the park, Frederick continued what he had begun in Neuruppin and Rheinsberg . During his stay as Crown Prince in Neuruppin, where he was commander of a regiment from 1732 to 1735, he ordered that a flower, fruit and vegetable garden be laid out in the grounds of his abode. He already deviated here from

258-432: Is entire, 3–5 cm long, with a fragrant essential oil . The star-like flower has five petals and sepals, and numerous stamens . Petals usually are white. The flower is pollinated by insects . The fruit is a round berry containing several seeds , most commonly blue-black in colour. A variety with yellow-amber berries is also present. The seeds are dispersed by birds that eat the berries. Myrtus nivellei ,

301-499: Is limited, and that for Myrtus there is insufficient data to verify the significance of clinical results. In traditional Persian medicine myrtus communis, specially the leaves, are used to stop bleeding. In a research the aqueous extract of the leaves showed hemostatic activity in the rat tail-bleeding model. In Greek mythology and ritual the myrtle was sacred to the goddesses Aphrodite and also Demeter : Artemidorus asserts that in interpreting dreams "a myrtle garland signifies

344-502: Is used by the University of Potsdam as a teaching garden . The Norse and Sicilian Gardens lie to the east. These completely different garden sections were laid out by Lenné between 1857 and 1860. The dark, effective Norse Garden, with its pines, was to have been an element of the planned triumph street. The Sicilian Garden, with its palm tubs, myrtles , laurels , flowers, arcades , and fountains, runs southward. Since 1990,

387-491: The Merkavah Rabbah requires one to suck on a myrtle leaves as an element of a theurgic ritual . Kabbalists link myrtle to the sefira of Tiferet and use sprigs in their Shabbat (especially Havdalah ) rites to draw down its harmonizing power as the week is initiated (Shab. 33a; Zohar Chadash, SoS, 64d; Sha’ar ha-Kavvanot, 2, pp. 73–76). Myrtle leaves were added to the water in the last (seventh) rinsing of

430-477: The darfash , the official symbol of Mandaeism consisting of an olive wooden cross covered with a white silk cloth. In neo-pagan and wicca rituals, myrtle, though not indigenous beyond the Mediterranean Basin, is now commonly associated with and sacred to Beltane ( May Day ). Myrtle in a wedding bouquet is a general European custom. A sprig of myrtle from Queen Victoria 's wedding bouquet

473-540: The Mediterranean Basin where it was not already endemic: "the Romans... must surely have attempted to establish a shrub so closely associated with their mythology and tradition," observes Alice Coats . In Gaul and Britannia it will not have proved hardy. In England it was reintroduced in the 16th century, traditionally with the return from Spain in 1585 of Sir Walter Raleigh , who also brought with him

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516-607: The Roman Baths and the New Palace with the Temple of Friendship developed from the time of Frederick the Great . Casually placed groups of bushes and trees and a moat that was broadened into a pond at its southeastern end beautify the large park. Lenné used the materials excavated to create the pond to construct a gentle hilly area landscape where the paths meet in the shape of stars at the high points. Built under Frederick

559-595: The Saharan myrtle , ( Tuareg language : tefeltest ), is endemic to the mountains of the central Sahara Desert . It is found in a restricted range in the Tassili n'Ajjer Mountains in southern Algeria , and the Tibesti Mountains in northern Chad . It occurs in small areas of sparse relict woodland at montane elevations above the central Saharan desert plains. It is a traditional medicinal plant for

602-665: The Tuareg people . Two hundred and fifty fossil seeds of † Myrtus palaeocommunis have been described from middle Miocene strata of the Fasterholt area near Silkeborg in Central Jutland , Denmark . Myrtus communis is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant for use as a shrub in gardens and parks . It is often used as a hedge plant, with its small leaves shearing cleanly. When trimmed less frequently, it has numerous flowers in late summer. It requires

645-630: The Veneralia , women bathed wearing crowns woven of myrtle branches, and myrtle was used in wedding rituals. In the Aeneid , myrtle marks the grave of the murdered Polydorus in Thrace . Aeneas ' attempts to uproot the shrub cause the ground to bleed, and the voice of the dead Polydorus warns him to leave. The spears which impaled Polydorus have been magically transformed into the myrtle which marks his grave. In Afghan and Persian (Iranian) traditions,

688-538: The alcoves along the garden side of the castle annex, there are allegorical figures of the months and seasons. In the corner building at the end of the Orangery Hall were the royal apartments and the servants' quarters. In front of the peristyle Elisabeth , Frederick William IV's wife, had a statue of the king erected in Memoriam after his death in 1861. Behind the portico, in the middle building, lies

731-447: The Great in the mid-18th century. Following the terracing of the vineyard and the completion of the palace, the surroundings were included in the structure. A Baroque flower garden with lawns , flower beds , hedges and trees was created. In the hedge quarter 3,000 fruit trees were planted. The greenhouses of the numerous nurseries contained oranges , melons , peaches and bananas . The goddesses Flora and Pomona , who decorate

774-409: The Great : Built under Frederick William IV : In the neighbouring area of Sanssouci: [REDACTED] Media related to Sanssouci at Wikimedia Commons Myrtus Myrthus Scop. Myrtus (commonly called myrtle ) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Myrtaceae . It was first described by Swedish botanist Linnaeus in 1753. Over 600 names have been proposed in

817-548: The Italian Renaissance by the garden architect, Peter Joseph Lenné . In the west, below the annex, he designed the Paradise Garden in 1843–44. It contains many exotic flowers and foliage plants. The atrium , a small building in middle of the compound, designed in the ancient style, was built on plans by Ludwig Persius in 1845. The current Botanical Garden, with its systematically arranged planting,

860-676: The Orangery has been part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site " Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin ". The palace is administered by the Stiftung Preußische Schlösser und Gärten Berlin-Brandenburg . 52°24′18″N 13°01′47″E  /  52.40500°N 13.02972°E  / 52.40500; 13.02972 Sanssouci Park Sanssouci Park is a large park surrounding Sanssouci Palace in Potsdam , Germany , built under Frederick

903-454: The berries, and mirto bianco (white) produced from the less common yellow berries and sometimes the leaves. Many Mediterranean pork dishes include myrtle berries, and roasted piglet is often stuffed with myrtle sprigs in the belly cavity, to impart an aromatic flavour to the meat. The berries, whole or ground, have been used as a pepper substitute. They contribute to the distinctive flavor of some versions of Italian Mortadella sausage and

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946-523: The central avenue and a larger intersecting avenue did not lead directly to the palace, as was usual in French parks of the era, but took off from the south wing and at a right angle to the building. Frederick invested heavily in the fountain system of Sanssouci Park, as water features were a firm component of baroque gardens. But the Neptune Grotto , finished in 1757 in the eastern part of the park,

989-496: The classical organisation of baroque gardens, which concerned themselves purely with the model represented by Versailles, by combining the beautiful and the useful. He also followed this principle in Rheinsberg. Apart from the transformation of the palace, which Frederick received as a present from his father Frederick William I in 1734, he ordered the establishment of fruit and vegetable garden areas enclosed by hedges. In addition

1032-601: The entrance obelisk at the eastern park exit, were placed there to highlight the connection of a flower, fruit and vegetable garden. Along with the Sanssouci Palace and other nearby palaces and parks , Sanssouci Park was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1990 for its unique architectural unity and testimony to 18th and 19th century landscaping in Europe. With the expansion of

1075-636: The first orange trees seen in England. Myrtus communis will have needed similar protection from winter cold and wet. Alice Coats notes an earlier testimony: in 1562, Queen Elizabeth I 's great minister Lord Burghley wrote to Mr Windebank in Paris to ask him for a lemon, a pomegranate and a myrtle, with instructions for their culture—which suggests that the myrtle, like the others, was not yet familiar. By 1597, John Gerard lists six varieties being grown in southern England, and by 1640 John Parkinson noted

1118-541: The genus, but nearly all have either been moved to other genera or been regarded as synonyms. The genus Myrtus has three species recognised today: Myrtus communis , the "common myrtle", is native across the Mediterranean region , Macaronesia , western Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. It is also cultivated. The plant is an evergreen shrub or small tree , growing to 5 metres (16 ft) tall. The leaf

1161-588: The head in the traditional Sephardic tahara manual (teaching the ritual for washing the dead). Myrtles are often used to recite a blessing over a fragrant plant during the Havdalah ceremony, as well as before kiddush is some Sefardic and Hasidic traditions. In the Mandaean religion , myrtle wreaths ( klila ) are used by priests in important religious rituals and ceremonies, such as baptism and death masses ( masiqta ). Myrtle wreaths also form part of

1204-602: The myrtle leaves are used to avoid evil eyes. The leaves (preferably dry ones) are set on fire, fumigated and smoke is acquired like the same what is believed about Peganum harmala . In Afghanistan it's named "ماڼو" (māṇo). In Jewish liturgy , the myrtle is one of the four species (sacred plants) of Sukkot , representing the different types of personality making up the community. The myrtle having fragrance but not pleasant taste, represents those who have good deeds to their credit despite not having knowledge from Torah study. The three branches are lashed or braided together by

1247-545: The nearest related to Aphrodite." Myrtle is the garland of Iacchus , according to Aristophanes , and of the victors at the Theban Iolaea , held in honour of the Theban hero Iolaus . Two myths are connected to the myrtle; in the first, Myrsine was a chaste girl beloved by Athena who outdid all the other athletes, so they murdered her in retaliation. Athena turned her into a myrtle, which became sacred to her. In

1290-608: The over two-story-tall Raffael Hall . It was based on the Sala Regia in the Vatican . Over a large skylight in the high clouded ceiling, light falls into the Museum Hall. On the red silk covered walls, hang over fifty copies of Renaissance paintings and frescoes. Frederick William IV inherited the works from his father, King Frederick William III of Prussia , and assembled them here. The royal apartments were outfitted in

1333-539: The political unrest of the period ( March Revolution ) and lack of funding, the gigantic project never materialized. Only the Orangery Palace and the Triumphtor were ever realized. The construction of the Orangery Palace began after designs by the architects Friedrich August Stüler , Friedrich Ludwig Persius and Ludwig Ferdinand Hesse  [ de ] . The building, with its 300 meter long front,

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1376-585: The related American Bologna sausage . In Calabria, a myrtle branch is threaded through dried figs and then baked. The figs acquire a pleasant taste from the essential oils of the herb. They are then enjoyed through the winter months. Myrtle, along with willow tree bark, occupies a minor place in the writings of Hippocrates , Pliny , Dioscorides , Galen, and the Arabian writers. Celsus , for instance, suggested that 'soda in vinegar, or ladanum in myrtle oil and wine' could be used to treat various ailments of

1419-462: The same as an olive garland, except that it is especially auspicious for farmers because of Demeter and for women because of Aphrodite. For the plant is sacred to both goddesses." Pausanias explains that one of the Graces in the sanctuary at Elis holds a myrtle branch because "the rose and the myrtle are sacred to Aphrodite and connected with the story of Adonis , while the Graces are of all deities

1462-418: The scalp. It is possible that Myrtle's effect was due to high levels of salicylic acid . In several countries, particularly in Europe and China, there has been a tradition for prescribing this substance for sinus infections . A systematic review of herbal medicines used for the treatment of rhinosinusitis concluded that the evidence that any herbal medicines are beneficial in the treatment of rhinosinusitis

1505-667: The second Rococo style, connected to both sides of the Raffael Hall. They were intended as guest rooms for Tsar Nicholas I and his wife, Alexandra Feodorovna . The Tsarina was the favorite sister of Frederick William IV, Charlotte, who gave up her name along with her homeland when she married. Between 1949 and 2010 the Palace also housed premises of the Brandenburgian State Main Archive in its eastern wing. The gardens were styled after those of

1548-435: The second, Myrina was a dedicated priestess of Aphrodite who was either abducted to be married or willingly wished to entered marriage in spite of her vows. In any case, Aphrodite turned her into myrtle, and gave it fragrant smell, as her favourite and sacred plant. In Rome, Virgil explains that "the poplar is most dear to Alcides , the vine to Bacchus , the myrtle to lovely Venus , and his own laurel to Phoebus ." At

1591-451: The site after the creation of more buildings, a 2.5 km long straight main avenue was built. It began in the east at the 1748 obelisk and over the years was extended all the way to the New Palace, which marks its end in the west. In 1764 the picture gallery was constructed, followed by the New Chambers in 1774. They flank the palace and open the alley up to rondels with the fountains, surrounded by marble statues. From there paths lead in

1634-565: The south and given it to his son Frederick William IV for Christmas in 1825. There Karl Friedrich Schinkel and Ludwig Persius built Charlottenhof Palace on the site of a former farm house and Peter Joseph Lenné was commissioned with the garden design. With the baroque flower and fruit and vegetable gardens from the Frederician era in mind, the garden architect converted the flat and partly swampy grounds into an open landscape park. Broad meadows created visual avenues between Charlottenhof,

1677-613: The water jet of the Great Fountain below the vineyard terraces rise to a height of 38 metres. A pumping station on the Havelbucht was especially built for this machine. It was commissioned by Frederick William IV and built by Ludwig Persius between 1841 and 1843, in the then fashionable Moorish Revival architectural style to look like "a Turkish Mosque with a minaret as a chimney". Many years earlier, Frederick William III had acquired an area which bordered Sanssouci Park to

1720-470: The worshipers a palm leaf, a willow bough, and a myrtle branch. The etrog or citron is the fruit held in the other hand as part of the lulav wave ritual. Myrtle branches were sometimes given the bridegroom as he entered the nuptial chamber after a wedding (Tos. Sotah 15:8; Ketubot 17a). Myrtles are both the symbol and scent of the Garden of Eden (BhM II: 52; Sefer ha-Hezyonot 17). The Hekhalot text

1763-646: Was built in the style of the Italian Renaissance , after the image of the Villa Medici in Rome and the Uffizi in Florence . The middle building with its twin towers is the actual palace. This building is joined to the 103 meter long and 16 meter wide Plant Hall, with its almost ceiling-to-floor windows on the south side. In the western hall, the original floor duct heating system is still present and functioning. In

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1806-400: Was planted as a slip, and sprigs from it have continually been included in royal wedding bouquets. Because of its elegance of habit, appealing odour, and amenity to clipping by the topiarius , as much as for sacred associations, the myrtle was an indispensable feature of Roman gardens . As a reminder of home, it will have been introduced wherever Roman elites were settled, even in areas of

1849-575: Was used just as little for its intended function as the fountain facilities. Atop the Ruinenberg, roughly six hundred metres away, was a water basin from which no water could arrive into the park and because of the "fountaineers"' lack of expertise the project failed. It did not succeed until steam power was employed one hundred years later, and thus the purpose of the water reservoir was finally fulfilled. In October 1842 an 81.4 horsepower steam engine built by August Borsig started working and made

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