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23-402: The name Orelli can refer to several different people: Carlo Orelli (1894–2005) was, until his death, the oldest living Italian veteran of World War I Giovanni Orelli (1928–2016), a Swiss poet and writer Johann Caspar von Orelli (1787–1849), a Swiss classical scholar Johann Conrad Orelli (1770–1826), the cousin to the preceding, and also

46-576: A mechanic . Orelli signed up for active duty at the age of 21 and joined the Austro-Hungarian front at the onset of the war in May 1915. Entrenched with the 320 Infantry Regiment, he served as a foot soldier within the Italian Army and engaged in combat activity in the trenches near Trieste , which was the main battleground in the east. He also participated in combat operations around

69-550: A classics scholar Hans Konrad von Orelli (1846–1912), a Swiss theologian [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with the surname Orelli . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orelli&oldid=1215261444 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

92-423: A location for the 2008 Disney film Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian . The river is also well known for the marble trout ( Salmo marmoratus ); this species is native to rivers of the northern Adriatic basin, and it lives in the upper course of the river. This species is endangered due to the introduction of other non-indigenous trout species sometime between World War I and World War II. The Soca Valley

115-708: A mechanic. He had six children after the war with his wife Cecilia, one son and five daughters born between 1920 and 1935, all of whom survived him. He also had nine grandchildren and eleven great-grandchildren at the time of his death. Although he was opposed to fascism , he found himself directing artillery in Gaeta during the Second World War. After the war, he returned to Rome and settled down with his family in Garbatella. He retired from his mechanic job in 1960 and his wife died in 1969. In his later years, he

138-558: Is a 138-kilometre (86 mi) long river that flows through western Slovenia (96 kilometres or 60 miles) and northeastern Italy (43 kilometres or 27 miles). An Alpine river in character, its source lies in the Trenta Valley in the Julian Alps in northwestern Slovenia, at an elevation of 876 metres (2,874 ft). The river runs past the towns of Bovec , Kobarid , Tolmin , Kanal ob Soči , Nova Gorica (where it

161-789: Is a popular tourist destination due to its numerous natural attractions, including the Big Soča Gorge ( Velika korita Soče ), the Little Soča Gorge ( Mala korita Soče ), Kozjak Falls, Virje Falls, and the Tolmin Gorges ( Tolminska korita ). The valley was the stage of major military operations including the twelve battles of the Isonzo on the Italian front in World War I between May 1915 and November 1917, in which over half

184-667: Is crossed by the Solkan Bridge ), and Gorizia , entering the Adriatic Sea close to the town of Monfalcone . It has a nival-pluvial regime in its upper course and pluvial-nival in its lower course. Prior to the First World War , the river ran parallel to the border between Kingdom of Italy and the Austro-Hungarian Empire . During World War I, it was the scene of bitter fighting between

207-451: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Carlo Orelli After recovering from a related infection, Orelli married and had a family of six children. During World War II , despite his aversion to Nazi Germany and fascism , he was forced to work as an artillery director in Italy. At war's end, he returned to work as a mechanic, retiring in 1960. In his later years, he

230-499: Is probably based on the substrate name *Aisontia , presumably derived from the PIE root * Hei̯s- 'swift, rushing', referring to a quickly moving river. Another possible origin is the pre-Romance root * ai̯s- 'water, river'. The present course of the river is the result of several dramatic changes that occurred during the past 2,000 years. According to the Roman historian Strabo ,

253-459: The Isonzo river. In his autobiography, Orelli went into great detail about his experiences, including the large number of casualties that he witnessed during his time in the trenches and widespread illiteracy among the peasant soldiers. He referred to them as having "died in silence." He also recalled many violent deaths, such as a friend who bled to death after his feet were severed and another who

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276-748: The Scramble for Africa in the 1880s. His elder brother, Alfredo, fought in Libya during the Italo-Turkish War in 1911, while his younger brother, William, fought in World War II and was captured by the British in July 1943. He lived in the Garbatella district, one of the most secluded areas of Rome, on the fourth floor of a house without an elevator. Before joining the war, he trained to become

299-485: The chances of the shell exploding as the "lottery of death." While he remembers many soldiers turning to liquor to quell their fears, Orelli always refused it when offered. In order to mentally prepare himself for an attack, overcome this fear and keep a clear head, he forced himself to purge his mind of all thoughts of home and family. Orelli was eventually wounded in the right leg, an injury that ended his military career and sent him home. Despite having vivid memories of

322-542: The last survivor from Italy's entry into the war. Orelli was born in Perugia on 23 December 1894, although his family soon moved to Rome to be nearer to an aunt that operated a local tavern. Carlo came from a long history of military activity. His maternal grandfather, Thomas, helped defend Perugia against Austrian mercenaries in 1849, while Carlo's father served in the Italian Abyssinian campaign during

345-607: The new watercourse into the bed of the lower Natisone. During the next centuries the estuary of this new river—the Soča—;moved eastward until it captured the short coastal Sdobba River, through which the Isonzo now discharges into the Adriatic Sea. The former estuary (of the Aesontius, and the early Isonzo) in the newly formed lagoon of Grado became an independent coastal rivulet. Due to its emerald -green water,

368-470: The river is marketed as "The Emerald Beauty." It is said to be one of the rare rivers in the world that retain such a colour throughout their length. Giuseppe Ungaretti , one of the greatest Italian poets, describes the Isonzo in the poem "The Rivers". The river inspired the poet Simon Gregorčič to write his best-known poem Soči ( To the Soča ), one of the masterpieces of Slovene poetry. This region served as

391-762: The river named Aesontius, which in Roman times flowed past Aquileia to the Adriatic Sea, was essentially the Natisone and Torre River system. In 585, a landslide cut off the upper part of the Natisone riverbed, causing its avulsion and subsequent stream capture by the Bontius River. The original subterranean discharge of the Bontius into the Timavo River became obstructed, and another avulsion returned

414-621: The two countries, culminating in the Battle of Caporetto in October and November 1917. The river was recorded in antiquity as Aesontius , Sontius , and Isontius . Later attestations include super Sontium (in 507–11), a flumine Isontio (1028), in Lisonçum (1261), an die Ysnicz (1401), and an der Snicz (ca. 1440). The Slovene name Soča is derived from the form *Sǫťa , which was borrowed from Latin (and Romance) Sontius . In turn, this

437-443: The war itself, he recalled little of the events immediately following his injury. During a confrontation with a group of Austrian soldiers, he was wounded in the leg and the left ear, a wound that was only a few inches away from being fatal. After being taken to a nearby farmhouse, he spent the rest of the war recovering from infection in hospitals, of which he remembered little. After the war, Orelli resumed his previous occupation as

460-723: The wartime memoirs that he published in 2004. At the time of his death, many sources incorrectly reported him as having been the last Italian World War I veteran. While this was incorrect, he was Italy's oldest survivor of the First World War, the last remaining trench infantryman , and the last survivor from when Italy first entered the war in 1915. So%C4%8Da Soča ( Slovene: [ˈsoːtʃa] , in Slovene ) or Isonzo ( Italian: [iˈzontso] , in Italian ; other names: Friulian : Lusinç ; German : Sontig ; Latin : Aesontius or Isontius )

483-524: Was active in telling tales of his experiences in the First World War, imploring those who listened to "not forget our sacrifice." In 2003, on the occasion of his 109th birthday, Italian President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi made Orelli a Grand Officer in the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic . Towards the end of his life, Orelli was known as "The Last Infantryman," which later became the title of

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506-455: Was active in urging others not to forget the lessons learned after the first World War, and in 2003 he was made a Grand Officer in the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic . He died in January 2005, a month after having turned 110 and achieving supercentenarian status. At the time of his death, he was Italy's oldest survivor of the First World War, the last remaining trench infantryman and

529-442: Was decapitated in mid-conversation with Orelli. He remarked of episodes such as this that they were "things I do not wish to remember." In interviews, he also described the experiences of fear that were common among the soldiers, and lamented the way in which films portrayed combat experiences. When it came to cannon shells, for example, the impact was not immediate, but approached with a gradual and frightful sound. He referred to

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