48-673: Orgosorok is an administrative ward in the Ngorongoro District of the Arusha Region of Tanzania . In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 13,690 people in the ward, from 12,268 in 2012. This Arusha Region location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ngorongoro District Ngorongoro District ( Wilaya ya Ngorongoro , in Swahili )
96-816: A tropical savannah climate , especially in the Sale Division. The Ngorongoro District has an average rainfall of 800mm to 1,000mm and strong winds blowing from the East to the West. Large areas of the District of natural vegetation, the Acacia savannah, especially in the Central, Eastern and Western portions of the district. On the East and West side there is the Great Rift Valley and Mkubwa forests. The climate
144-539: A child, and he has almost likely passed on this mentality to the younger members of his community. As a result, the NCAA has always had a difficult time convincing Maasai villages to use any institutions they create. However, in recent years, the NCAA has prioritized the basic educational requirements of NCA communities. As a result, Maasai youngsters in the NCA now have better access to basic and secondary education. Endulen Ward
192-597: A different type , in order to retain the Australasian group of species in the genus Acacia . Following a controversial decision to choose a new type for Acacia in 2005, the Australian component of Acacia s.l. now retains the name Acacia . At the 2011 International Botanical Congress held in Melbourne , Australia, the decision to use the name Acacia , rather than the proposed Racosperma for this genus,
240-401: A different type species for Acacia ( A. penninervis ) and allowing this largest number of species to remain in Acacia , resulting in the two pan-tropical lineages being renamed Vachellia and Senegalia , and the two endemic American lineages renamed Acaciella and Mariosousa . In 2003, Anthony Orchard and Bruce Maslin filed a proposal to conserve the name Acacia with
288-534: A protected area. The Maasai people have a long history of coexisting with wildlife and have a high level of tolerance for it. However, causes such as poverty, food insecurity, expanding human population in the landscape, and diminishing resources are pushing cattle and animal interactions closer together, as well as increasing competition and conflict. Tourism provided by the NCAA is the district's main source of income. Many residents are Masai pastoralists and members of
336-560: A small overnight pay.. The NCAA has also provided vocational training to 18 women and 12 men, for a total of 30, from chosen areas, with the goal of imparting skills such as carpentry, masonry, and tailoring. This training took place at the Hai Vocational Training Center in Kilimanjaro Region. . Acacia List of Acacia species Acacia , commonly known as wattles or acacias ,
384-440: A species from Africa, as the lectotype of the name. Genus Acacia was considered to contain some 1 352 species leading to 1986. That year, Leslie Pedley questioned the monophyletic nature of the genus, and proposed a split into three genera: Acacia sensu stricto (161 species), Senegalia (231 species) and Racosperma (960 species), the last name first proposed in 1829 by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius as
432-461: A term used in antiquity to describe a preparation extracted from Vachellia nilotica , the original type species . A number of species of Acacia have been introduced to various parts of the world, and two million hectares of commercial plantations have been established. Plants in the genus Acacia are shrubs or trees with bipinnate leaves, the mature leaves sometimes reduced to phyllodes or rarely absent. There are 2 small stipules at
480-527: A thread-like style that is longer than the stamens. The fruit is a variably-shaped pod , sometimes flat or cylindrical, containing seeds with a fleshy aril on the end. The genus was first validly named in 1754 by Philip Miller in The Gardeners Dictionary . In 1913 Nathaniel Lord Britton and Addison Brown selected Mimosa scorpioides L. (≡ Acacia scorpioides ( L. ) W.Wight = Acacia nilotica ( L. ) Delille ),
528-673: Is a common food source and host plant for butterflies of the genus Jalmenus . The imperial hairstreak, Jalmenus evagoras , feeds on at least 25 acacia species. Many reptiles feed on the sap, such as the native house gecko in Australia. The sap is also consumed by bugs (Hemiptera), such as Hackerobrachys viridiventris and Sextius virescens . Some species of acacia contain psychoactive alkaloids , and some contain potassium fluoroacetate . The seed pods, flowers, and young leaves are generally edible either raw or cooked. Aboriginal Australians have traditionally harvested
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#1732787695669576-537: Is a genus of about 1,084 species of shrubs and trees in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the pea family Fabaceae . Initially, it comprised a group of plant species native to Africa, South America, and Australasia , but is now reserved for species mainly from Australia, with others from New Guinea , Southeast Asia, and the Indian Ocean. The genus name is Neo-Latin , borrowed from the Greek ἀκακία ( akakia ),
624-479: Is building the NCA's first secondary school with financial backing from the NCAA, with each ward set to pay Tsh. 2 million and additional donors providing funds.The NCAA presently sponsors three kids from each Ward to attend secondary school each year, for a total of 18 students from NCA per year who get financial assistance from the NCAA. The NCAA intends to hire NCA community school graduates of suitable caliber as employees in their ranks. Another recent NCAA project
672-564: Is comparable in size to the land area of Timor Leste . The administrative seat is the town of Loliondo . The district is home to the Ngorongoro Conservation Area which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site . The district is also home to the third tallest mountain in the country, Mount Loolmalasin . According to the 2002 Tanzania National Census, the population of the Ngorongoro Region was 129,776. By 2012,
720-402: Is currently prohibited, communities are increasingly seeking the return of subsidence crop cultivation to achieve food self-sufficiency, heightening tensions between residents and conservation organizations. In addition, around 300,000 domestic animals coexist with wildlife on NCA property. The area's resident pastoralist population has gradually expanded from roughly 8,700 in 1966 to 20,000 at
768-553: Is divided into three divisions : As of 2012, Ngorongoro District is administratively divided into 21 wards: As of 2023, the district has 82 primary school and 13 secondary schools, 6 of the latter high schools. Most of them are located in Loliondo. The total student poplaution is 9,494. Most of the Masai community lives in the south in the NCA and traditional Maasai culture has always been an impediment to individuals gaining
816-647: Is more temperate and moorland in the Crater Highlands . The Southern part of the District is the Ngorongoro Conservation Area which occupies 59 percent of the district which is in one of the Ngorongoro Divisions. The entire southern half of the district is designated as the Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA) which is governed by the Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority (NCAA). The conservation area
864-713: Is one of seven districts in western Arusha Region of Tanzania . The district is bordered to the north by Kenya , to the east by Monduli District , the northeast by Longido District , and to the south by the Karatu District . The western border is the Serengeti District in Mara Region . Ngorongoro District is home to the Ngorongoro Crater and was named after it. It covers an area of 14,036 km (5,419 sq mi). The district
912-548: Is the only one of its kind in Tanzania with all other of the country's protected areas designated as game reserves and national parks. The NCAA uniquely allows human habitation within the protected area, but places restrictions on land-use in the NCA, including cultivation and livestock grazing. While watering of cattle is permitted, human habitation and livestock grazing are forbidden in the Ngorongoro Crater. Within
960-403: Is uncontrolled. Moving vehicle dust plumes have a short-term impact on scenic values, although they are not serious. Uncontrolled construction of housing units on the property would jeopardize the site's integrity. Structure construction must be constantly monitored and regulated. Human-wildlife conflict occurs when livestock is lost to wild predators and/or depredated by wildlife within or near
1008-893: The Eocene of the Paris Basin . Acacia -like fossil pods under the name Leguminocarpon are known from late Oligocene deposits at different sites in Hungary . Seed pod fossils of † Acacia parschlugiana and † Acacia cyclosperma are known from Tertiary deposits in Switzerland . † Acacia colchica has been described from the Miocene of West Georgia . Pliocene fossil pollen of an Acacia sp. has been described from West Georgia (including Abkhazia ). The oldest fossil Acacia pollen in Australia are recorded as being from
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#17327876956691056-495: The Sonjo farming communities in the north outside the conservation area. For a long time, agricultural use of NCA property has been a source of contention. The Maasai argue that the area environment is unfavorable to livestock, resulting in lower milk output and increased illness susceptibility. Due to the scarcity of milk and cattle, they are forced to supplement their food supply through agriculture. The NCAA rightly wishes to preserve
1104-484: The 2012 Population and Housing Census, Ngorongoro District has a population of 174,278 males, 82,610 men, and 91,668 women, with an average household size of 4.8 people and a population growth rate of 2.9 percent in Arusha Region. For parliamentary elections, Arusha Region is divided into constituencies. As of the 2010 elections Ngorongoro District had one constituency, Ngorongoro Constituency. The district
1152-602: The Maasai to move out of the Serengeti and into the NCA. According to the British colonial government, the compensation would be paid in two installments, according to agreements with the colonial authority at the time. Phase I would see the construction of water sources (by dam, bore hole, or pipeline) in agreed-upon places. Phase II would see the establishment of veterinary centers in strategically selected locations, as well as
1200-582: The NCA was established as a pioneering experiment in multiple land use, and the Ngorongoro Conservation Area Ordnance No. 14 of 1959 went into effect. The Maasai, who had previously lived in what is now the Serengeti National Park (SENAPA), agreed to relocate to the newly constituted NCA at this time. Several years were spent prior to the establishment of the NCA negotiating the terms and conditions for
1248-449: The NCA, which occupies 59% of the district's total land area, include high demands for natural resources and modernity from a growing resident human population, as well as the need to promote and manage tourism. The estimated 93,000 pastoralists that today reside within NCA are roughly five times the amount that existed when the land was listed (1979). Emerging houses and settlements have visible consequences. Although small-scale agriculture
1296-771: The NCAA have a contractual agreement in which the NDC cedes jurisdictional management of the Ngorongoro Division to the NCAA. This enables the NCAA to plan its own community development efforts in accordance with its policy statement of 'conserving natural resources while protecting indigenous people'. The NDC, for their part, retains a stake in the NCA (Ngorongoro Division) in the education, health, and veterinary sectors, where they supply teachers and nurses, pay their wages, and sell pharmaceuticals to dispensaries. The NCA Maasai villages, according to NCAA leaders, are unable to possess land. Their village limits are acknowledged at
1344-594: The area some 2,000 years ago and were joined by the Datooga in the year 1700. Both clans were forced out of the area by the Maasai in the 1800s, making the Masai the district's most recent settlers. The NCA covers an area of 8,292 km2 in Ngorongoro District (59% of the district's total area). The NCA has 14 settlements divided into 6 wards, with a total population of around 42,000 people. On 1 July 1959,
1392-414: The base of the leaf, but sometimes fall off as the leaf matures. The flowers are borne in spikes or cylindrical heads, sometimes singly, in pairs or in racemes in the axils of leaves or phyllodes, sometimes in panicles on the ends of branches. Each spike or cylindrical head has many small golden-yellow to pale creamy-white flowers, each with 4 or 5 sepals and petals, more than 10 stamens , and
1440-484: The capacity to fulfill complex administrative positions on behalf of their communities. For example, there has only recently been a shift in Maasai attitudes toward the importance of education. They have, rather belatedly, realized that if they are to have an impact on the tides of change that are undermining their community structures, they cannot continue to live in a vacuum. One senior traditional leader, for example, stated that he truly regretted running away from school as
1488-708: The community level, but tenure of that area is the NCAA's express domain, as defined in the NCA Ordnance. However, land can be owned outside the conservation area. The Hotels and lodges in the area pay NCAA concession fees, which contribute to financial support directed through the Community Development Department, as well as a levee to the Ngorongor District Council. Some hotels have contracts with NCA Maasai to supply beef, hog, lamb, and goat, however it appears that
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1536-424: The district are the Ngorongoro Crater and active volcano Ol Doinyo Lengai . The district plays host to parts of the wildebeest migration. While not part of the park, as such, much of the district is within the same Serengeti - Mara Ecosystem, which is defined by the limits of the annual wildlife migration. The dominant ethnic group in the district are the Maasai people . The most major present challenges in
1584-603: The late Oligocene epoch , 25 million years ago. Species of Acacia occurs in all Australian states and territories, and on its nearby islands. About 20 species occur naturally outside Australia and 7 of these also occur in Australia. One species ( Acacia koa ) is native to Hawaii and one ( Acacia heterophylla ) is native to Mauritius and Réunion in the Indian Ocean. They are present in all terrestrial habitats, including alpine settings, rainforests, woodlands, grasslands, coastal dunes and deserts. In drier woodlands or forests they are an important component of
1632-471: The majority of this meat is acquired in Karatu and does not provide direct income to NCA communities. The hotels hire Maasai, but usually from outside the NCA settlements. They believe that their education is insufficient because they need to communicate and connect with their guests at a basic level. The district is also famous for its spessartine garnets, though they aren't mined commercially. According to
1680-403: The most attractive timbers in the genus. Black wattle bark supported the tanning industries of several countries, and may supply tannins for production of waterproof adhesives . In Vietnam , Acacia is used in plantations of non-native species that are regularly clear-cut for paper or timber uses. Wattle bark collected in Australia in the 19th century was exported to Europe where it
1728-657: The name of a section in Acacia , but raised to generic rank in 1835. In 2003, Pedley published a paper with 834 new combinations in Racosperma for species, most of which were formerly placed in Acacia . All but 10 of these species are native to Australasia , where it constitutes the largest plant genus. In the early 2000s, it had become evident that the genus as it stood was not monophyletic and that several divergent lineages needed to be placed in separate genera. It turned out that one lineage comprising over 900 species mainly native to Australia, New Guinea, and Indonesia
1776-584: The natural environment as much as possible, particularly in places designated as wildlife corridors, and has attempted to discourage development. Cultivation is, in fact, banned under the 1975 Ordinance, but the Prime Minister has temporarily waived this in the past as an emergency measure. Ngorongoro District Council (NDC) receives 25% of the NCAA's annual income, which is paid only when the audited accounts have been passed and only if funds are available after budgeted priorities have been met. The NDC and
1824-551: The population of the district was 174,278. By 2022, the population had grown to 273,549. The district's name has an onomatopoeic origin; it was named by Maasai pastoralists after the sound created by the cowbell ("enkorkor"). Various hominid species have occupied the area for 3 million years, according to fossil evidence discovered at the Olduvai Gorge . A few thousand years ago, early hunter-gatherers were displaced by pastoralists . The Mbulu pastoralists arrived in
1872-563: The rising pastoralist population may damage the values. Traditional building materials and techniques (based on locally accessible natural materials) are rapidly giving way to the use of imported materials (e.g., cement and corrugated iron) and the use of hefty poles from local forests, which is unsustainable. Although the NCAA has established a set of "building codes" to guide such advances, the results of code application are uncertain. Lodge and tented camp developments are often well-located, camouflaged, and adequately built, while pastoralist housing
1920-693: The seeds of some species, to be ground into flour and eaten as a paste or baked into a cake. Wattleseeds contain as much as 25% more protein than common cereals, and they store well for long periods due to the hard seed coats. In addition to using the edible seed and gum, the people employed the timber for implements, weapons, fuel and musical instruments. A number of species, most notably Acacia mangium (hickory wattle), A. mearnsii (black wattle) and A. saligna (coojong), are economically important and are widely planted globally for wood products, tannin , firewood and fodder. A. melanoxylon (blackwood) and A. aneura (mulga) supply some of
1968-423: The supply of veterinary medications. This pay was deemed appropriate by the Maasai leadership at the time since it ensured the health of their cattle, their principal economic asset and a focal element of their culture. The compensation was never fully paid. Phase I saw the completion of 75% of the agreed-upon work. Phase II saw the completion of half of the agreed-upon work. In general, the Ngorongoro District has
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2016-413: The time of World Heritage listing (1979) to 93,136 inhabitants in 2017. The population is expected to grow to 161,000 people by 2027. This population growth has a variety of consequences, including increased infrastructure, grazing grounds, human-wildlife conflicts, and land use disputes. The site's scenic values are being preserved. However, it is evident that housing and other infrastructure linked with
2064-580: The tribe Ingeae . The genus name is Neo-Latin , borrowed from the Greek akakia , a name used by Dioscorides for some prickly species growing in Egypt, from acacis meaning "a point". In his Pinax (1623), Bauhin mentioned the Greek ἀκακία from Dioscorides as the origin of the Latin name. The origin of " wattle " may be an Old Teutonic word meaning "to weave". From around 700 AD, watul
2112-488: The understory. Elsewhere they may be dominant, as in the Brigalow Belt , Myall woodlands and the eremaean Mulga woodlands. In Australia, Acacia forest is the second most common forest type after eucalypt forest, covering 980,000 square kilometres (378,380 sq mi) or 8% of total forest area. Acacia is also the nation's largest genus of flowering plants with almost 1 000 species found. Acacia
2160-415: Was not closely related to the much smaller group of African lineage that contained A. nilotica – the type species . This meant that the Australasian lineage (by far the most prolific in number of species) would need to be renamed. Pedley's proposed name of Racosperma for this group had received little acclaim in the botanical community. Australian botanists proposed a less disruptive solution, setting
2208-444: Was the training of 144 community members as militia to help with security in the NCA. This effort appears to be still extremely low-key, and these trained persons appear to work on a volunteer basis at the village level.. However, they do accompany NCAA security patrols when they visit their regions to provide comprehensive information about the area that only a homeowner can provide. The militia troops on these patrols are armed and get
2256-477: Was upheld. Other Acacia s.l. taxa continue to be called Acacia by those who choose to consider the entire group as one genus. The Australian species of the genus Paraserianthes s.l. (namely P. lophantha) are deemed its closest relatives. The nearest relatives of Acacia and Paraserianthes s.l. in turn include the Australian and South East Asian genera Archidendron , Archidendropsis , Pararchidendron and Wallaceodendron , all of
2304-503: Was used in Old English to refer to the flexible woody vines, branches, and sticks which were interwoven to form walls, roofs, and fences. Since about 1810 it has been used as the common name for the Australian legume trees and shrubs that can provide these branches. There are about 1,080 species of Acacia , mostly native to Australia. An Acacia -like 14 cm (5.5 in) long fossil seed pod has been described from
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